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Purpose: Corrective long spinal fusion is a widely accepted surgical method for patients with adult spinal deformities. However, instrumented long fusion is associated with a significant risk of complications. Therefore, we aimed to assess the success of short-segment spinal fusion, particularly for bone marrow edema (BME) adjacent to the vertebral endplate, in patients with low back pain (LBP) and spinal deformity., Methods: A prospective study was performed at multiple hospitals wherein we monitored patients with spinal deformities and accompanying LBP. Patients aged ≥ 50 years with a minimum LBP severity score of 40 mm on the visual analog scale (VAS) were included in the study. We also included patients with lumbar BME on magnetic resonance imaging. Short spinal fusion was performed on segments with BME. Clinical evaluations of LBP on VAS and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and radiological parameters for sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic incidence (PI), lumbar lordosis (LL) and pelvic tilt (PT) were carried out., Results: Overall, 35 patients (22 men and 13 women), with a mean age of 66.7 years and a mean follow-up period of 32 months, were included in the study. The mean VAS and ODI scores were 72.4 mm and 49.0% before surgery and 25.5 mm and 29.9% at the final follow-up, respectively; these parameters significantly improved after surgery. The SVA, PI-LL, and PT scores were 70.1 mm, 20.9°, and 22.8° before surgery and 85.4 mm, 13.8°, and 22.7° at the final follow-up, respectively. The spinal alignment parameters did not change significantly after surgery., Conclusions: Short-segment spinal fusion is effective for treating LBP and spinal deformity with BME adjacent to the vertebral endplate without spinal correction., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)