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The antidiabetic activity and underlying mechanisms of Fucus vesiculosus polysaccharide (FVP) were studied in type 2 diabetic rats. Our results exhibited that FVP intervention reversed body weight loss, alleviated hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. FVP also had the potential to ameliorate dyslipidemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, decrease oxidative stress, promote glycogen synthesis, and boost short-chain fatty acid production and total bile acid excretion. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis suggested that FVP interfered with the gut microbiota in a beneficial manner. Moreover, RT-qPCR results demonstrated that the antidiabetic activity of FVP in connection with the acceleration of blood glucose absorption and glycogen synthesis, the inhibition of gluconeogenesis, and the regulation of lipid metabolism in the liver. These findings suggested that FVP had antidiabetic effects on high-fat diet and STZ-induced diabetic rats and could be a potential resource for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. [Display omitted] • FVP promoted glycogen storage in diabetic rats. • FVP enhanced bile acid excretion in diabetic rats. • FVP regulated gut microbiota in diabetic rats. • FVP regulated gene expression related to glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Spirulina platensis polysaccharides (SPLP) had significant hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects in HFD-fed rats. • SPLP intervention modulate the hepatic steatosis and mRNA expressions involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. • SPLP altered the relative abundance of cecal short-chain fatty acids. • SPLP significantly modulated the intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility that Spirulina platensis crude polysaccharides may ameliorate the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorder, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hepatic steatosis, and gut dysbiosis. The results showed Spirulina platensis crude polysaccharides could improve body weight, serum/liver lipid and carbohydrate indexes, and liver antioxidant parameters in high-sucrose and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats, which were accompanied by regulated liver mRNA expressions involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorder. In addition, SPLP intervention significantly decreased cecal level of propionic acid in HFD-fed rats. Notably, the SPLP could alter the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria at phylum levels. Based on Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, serum/liver lipid and carbohydrate profiles were found significantly positively correlated with genera Romboutsia , Allobaculum , Blautia , Phascolarctobacterium , Bifidobacterium , Coprococcus , Turicibacter , Erysipelotrichaceae_unclassified , Olsenella , Escherichia/Shigella , Coprobacillus , Lachnospiracea incertae , and Lactobacillus , but strongly negatively correlated with genera Atopostipes , Flavonifractor , Porphyromonadaceae_unclassified , Barnesiella , Oscillibacter , Paraprevotella , Jeotgalicoccus , Corynebacterium , Alloprevotella and Bacteroides. It was concluded that oral administration of SPLP could remarkably ameliorate the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorder and significantly modulate the intestinal microbiota in HFD-fed rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]