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In the present work, the shell and tube heat exchanger (STHX) is designed based on The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association standards with hot fluid (water) flowing on the shell side and cold fluid on the tube side. A comparison is made between the Nusselt number and friction factor obtained from numerical and experimental results of segmental baffles (SBs) and helical baffles (HB) with different baffle inclinations. The results show that SB provided a higher Colburn factor (js) when compared with HBs STHXs (20°, 30°, 40°, and 50°), but shell side pressure drop is lower for 40° HBs STHXs for the same shell side fluid flow rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluids, maneuvered by the steady augmentation of metallic and non-metallic identities to nano-size in a fundamental liquid including upgraded heat absorption, show precedence regarding effective heat control at the nano-level. Besides increased heat absorption-gravity, segmentation, ballistic conduction, inter-stage frictional force, unsteady shear count, diffusion, particle shift due to adhesiveness, and coating at the meeting surface of solid and liquid, it plays an essential part in increasing thermal efficiency. The hydrogenated properties related to nanofluids are resolved through the combined effect of comparative modification in thermophysical characteristics susceptible to various factors like particle magnitude, substance and density, base liquid characteristics and acid value, liquid fever, and supplements. As a result, typical correlations stand ineffective in detailing peculiarities regarding nanofluids, and some studies led to the development concerning the transfer of heat and coefficient of friction relationship for various consolidations of nano-solution and working parameters. However, some researchers certified conventional friction factor models for nanofluids, though, some conflicting studies focused on the retribution in pressure reduction because nano-sized particles were big enough to be ignored. The basic theme attributed to this paper involves analyzing the study evolution for heat exchange and reduction in pressure interrelation for nano-solution using different analytical and constraints (working parameters). Additionally, a thorough analogy regarding heat transfer interdependency recommended for the same configuration and drift parameters is granted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]