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Background: With increasingly aging societies, a comprehensive strategy for dementia research is important. The Organized Registration for the Assessment of dementia by the Nationwide General consortium toward Effective treatment (ORANGE) Registry is the first longitudinal multicenter prospective trial-ready cohort in Japan.Objective: To establish a large cohort for use in clinical trials and research in Japan.Methods: This registry, based on communities, hospitals, and nursing homes, covers three dementia stages (preclinical, mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and advanced dementia), and includes more than 30 hospitals. We analyzed enrollment and 1-year follow-up data for disease progression.Results: There were 1450 registered patients (649 men, 801 women; mean age, 77.92±6.70 years; mean Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score, 25.19±2.76). The conversion rates from MCI to dementia and MCI to normal were 14.3% and 1.1%, respectively. High Clinical Dementia Rating score (odds ratio [OR] = 11.085, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.619-75.913, p = 0.014), low MMSE score (OR = 0.835, 95% CI: 0.761-0.917, p < 0.001), high Geriatric Depression Scale score (OR = 1.093, 95% CI: 1.005-1.189, p = 0.038), and low body mass index (OR = 0.895, 95% CI: 0.829-0.967, p = 0.005) at enrollment were significant factors for conversion.Conclusion: The ORANGE MCI Registry is an established registry that facilitates creation of trial-ready cohorts to accelerate promotion of clinical trials with low reversion rates as it originates from a hospital. One-year follow-up analysis suggested assessing various factors for conversion risk. Further analyses will be possible in future with registry expansion. We will continue to refine this registry, including how it can be used more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sorghum is the fifth most consumed cereal grain but limiting in the indispensable amino acid lysine. Complementing sorghum with lentils can improve the quality of sorghum-based diets. However, knowledge of lysine bioavailability in sorghum is lacking.Objectives: The study objectives were to determine the bioavailability of lysine in sorghum and to assess the effect of complementation of sorghum and lentils in a mixed-meal format.Methods: We studied 5 healthy young men (≤30 years; BMI <25 kg/m2) in a repeated-measure design using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method, with L-[1-13C] phenylalanine as the indicator. Each subject participated in 8 determinations in random order. On the reference diet, subjects received 4 amounts of L-lysine (5, 8, 12, and 15 mg. kg-1 . d-1) from a crystalline amino acid mixture patterned after egg protein. On the test diet, they received 3 levels of lysine (8.2, 12.5, and 15.7 mg. kg-1 . d-1) from sorghum, and on the complementation diet they received 1 level of lysine from a mixed meal of sorghum and lentils. The bioavailability of lysine in sorghum was estimated by comparing the IAAO response to the test diet with the IAAO response to the reference diet using the slope-ratio method. Effectiveness of complementation was assessed by comparing the IAAO response to the mixed meal to the IAAO response to the test protein.Results: The bioavailability of lysine from sorghum was 94%. Upon complementation with lentils, there was a decline in the oxidation of L-[1-13C] phenylalanine by 19% (P < 0.0495), reflecting an improvement in available lysine in the mixed meal due to increased lysine intake.Conclusions: Although the bioavailability of lysine in sorghum is high, its lysine content is limiting. Complementation with lentils in a 1:1 ratio is recommended to achieve the lysine requirement for adult men consuming a sorghum-based diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03411005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We detected Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) IgM and IgG in human serum samples collected during 2018-2019 in northern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Our results show recent RVFV circulation and likely RVFV endemicity in this tropical coastal plain region of South Africa in the absence of apparent clinical disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To provide updated evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of intradermal acupuncture for insomnia.Methods: A search of relevant literatures was performed on major medical databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data and so on. Risk of bias evaluation, meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis and evidence rating of all extracted information were also conducted.Results: A total of 508 studies were initially identified. However, only 45 studies were deemed eligible for the present review. Meta-analyses were conducted in three comparisons separately: intradermal versus acupuncture, Effective rate (RR = 0.08, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.19), Global scales score (points) (SMD = -0.52, 95% CI: -0.81,-0.24, P = 0.02); intradermal acupuncture versus non acupuncture, Effective rate(RR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.42), Global scales score (points) (SMD = -0.81, 95% CI: -1.23,-0.38, P < 0.00001); control group versus control add intradermal acupuncture. Effective rate(RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.42), Global scales score (points) (SMD = -1.15, 95% CI: -1.46,-0.84, P < 0.00001). Although these results suggested benefits of intradermal acupuncture, the overall quality of evidence rated was low.Conclusions: The summary estimates indicate that it improved the clinical effective rate and lowered PSQI or other scales score, when compared to sham acupuncture or placebo/conventional medications/herbs.Also,it significantly improved the clinical effective rate and lowered PSQI or other scales score, when the control groups add intradermal acupuncture. However, the quality of the evidence is varied from very low to low due to the potential risk of bias and inconsistency among included trials. The more larger sample size and much more rigorous designed RCTs are still further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Figure: see text]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]