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Transition from the Soviet type of economy to a new market system showed the necessity in reforms at the secondary school level. Based on a literature review, this paper aims to reveal how the thinking about teaching economics has changed over the past three decades (1991-2021), and how this has affected teaching economics as a school subject in the Post-Soviet countries. The article illustrates these with the cases of Russia and Kazakhstan. For this paper, a narrative literature review methodology was adopted and scanned studies included only those published in English and Russian.

Purpose: This paper deals with types and actors of entrepreneurship in and around academia in Russia, as well as with institutional settings of the entrepreneurial activity of academic faculty. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on a series of semi-structured interviews using the purposive snowball method (2022–2023). The respondents are either engaged in different kinds of entrepreneurship in and outside universities in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod or experts in entrepreneurship in and around academia. Findings: A double mixed embeddedness driven approach to the typology of diverse forms of entrepreneurship in and around academia are shown in the context of the temporality as well as of the micro-, meso- and macro-level institutions, such as the low demand in innovations in the economy; uncertainty of property rights; limited interest of university administration in academic entrepreneurs or its focus solely on students' entrepreneurship; and necessity entrepreneurship motives on the micro-level. The research limitations of the study are the small number of observations and the localisation of the panel in only one country. Research limitations/implications: The research limitations of the study are the small number of observations and the localisation of the panel in only one country. Practical implications: The "Special Military Operation" and its consequences would hinder bottom-up academic entrepreneurship in the country, while pushing universities to launch R&D with the big industry, and forcing many faculties to non-academic entrepreneurship. Originality/value: For the first time, the broad variety of entrepreneurial activities of academic staff including the specifics of non-classical forms of entrepreneurship in and around academia and their embeddedness into different contexts are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to present a historical case study of Norwegian transnational entrepreneurs (1880s–1930s) and the ecosystems that they founded in Russia's Arctic periphery. Drawing from the contemporary transnational entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystem literature, and inspired by AnnaLee Saxenian's concept of "brain circulation," this study explores the journey and impact of these entrepreneurs in a time of evolving political turbulence. Design/methodology/approach: This study applies a mixed-methodology approach, drawing from nine qualitative interviews held in 2021 and secondary material, including historical books, a podcast, videos and archival data. Findings: The Norwegian entrepreneurs were both "pulled" by and "pushed" to the Russian region, their "New America," where they could apply their personal skills and exploit their rich social and financial capital to establish a local entrepreneurial ecosystem. However, radical political change altered the context, which led many of the entrepreneurs to re-migrate to Norway. Research limitations/implications: This paper demonstrates the role of the political context for contemporary entrepreneurship and management research, as transnational entrepreneurs and international expatriates remain vulnerable to political change. Practical implications: Public-policy actors and managers in companies need to support highly-skilled transnational entrepreneurs, including expatriates, in a setting with turbulence, crisis and even war, to foster the sustainable contribution of entrepreneurial migrants to regional economic development across different countries. Originality/value: This paper presents an original, novel case study on the historical role of transnational entrepreneurs across different cultural settings, their impact on a foreign peripheral location, including social-network building and evolving political change in the historical context. The findings are relevant for contemporary management literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper quantifies trends, patterns and controversies in the industrial amber market. To achieve the common goal, the amber market was assessed taking into account geographic data and companies' technology entrepreneurship opportunities in order to determine the competitiveness of the suppliers from economies with large amber reserves. The analytical study integrates a statistical approach and technical analysis of data, including correlation. The statistical approach describes the structure of an amber mining company through estimated profits. In a comprehensive way, the estimated indicators explain the amber industry's production and economic activities, with an emphasis on the Russian Federation. The findings suggested that the Russian Federation, with its Kaliningrad Amber Factory with a weak business infrastructure, is the global leader in the amber market. The economic interests of the company's corporate governance focus on exporting raw amber and rebooting the production system based on transparent and legitimate economic relations, and the development of own jewelry production facilities. The findings can be used by companies to plan effective growth strategies and prepare for future challenges in the amber industry, as well as by companies that plan to implement startup ideas in the amber deposit areas. In particular, the strategies may include investing in new technologies, cooperation with scientific institutions, development of processing facilities, compliance with international quality standards and product certification, as well as effective marketing strategies. These measures can help solve challenges and increase the position of companies in this area in the global market. Aimed at supporting the sustainable development of the amber industry, these strategies will help it achieve greater stability and success in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global university rankings influence students' choices and higher education policies throughout the world. When rankers not only evaluate universities but also provide them with consulting, analytics, or advertising services, rankers are vulnerable to conflicts of interest that may potentially distort their rankings. The paper assesses the impact of contracting with rankers on university ranking outcomes using a difference-in-difference research design. The study matches data on the positions of 28 Russian universities in QS World University Rankings between 2016 and 2021 with information on contracts these universities had for services from QS—the company that produces these rankings. The study compares the fluctuations in QS rankings with data obtained from the Times Higher Education rankings and data recorded by national statistics. The results suggest that the universities with frequent QS-related contracts had an increase of 0.75 standard deviations (~ 140 positions) in QS World University Rankings and an increase of 0.9 standard deviations in reported QS faculty-student ratio scores over 5 years, regardless of changes in the institutional characteristics. The observed distortions could be explained by university rankers' self-serving bias that benefits both rankers and prestige-seeking universities and reinforces the persistence of rankings in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The full-scale military invasion of the Russian Federation in February 2022 caused significant damage to the Ukrainian economy. The war caused obstacles in the sphere of foreign and domestic trade, disruption of transport and logistics processes, outflow of personnel abroad or partial movement of labor resources within the country, occupation of territories, destruction, looting of enterprises, which certainly affected the ability of entrepreneurship to fully function. This made it necessary to study the impact of war on the state of entrepreneurship of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the state and identify priorities for the restoration and further development of entrepreneurship in the post-war period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we use an institutional approach and apply a regional perspective to explore how market potential, formal institutions, taxes, access to finance, regional policy instruments, and digitalization have affected small business activity in 83 Russian regions during 2008–2018. We use various regional data sources and official statistics to study the effects of regional business environments on entrepreneurship. Our results suggest that Russia's business environment, including policy measures in taxation, is important in explaining small business activity, however digital transformation and the role of market potential can be better controlled by entrepreneurs in terms of what skills to learn and where to locate their businesses. In addition, we discuss the effect of exogenous shocks and changes in the business environment, along with dynamics, challenges, and perspectives of entrepreneurship in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We draw on a hybrid organisation of artists in Imperial Russia to examine the experience of 'social artrepreneurs' – artists who pursued both social and commercial goals. Using contemporary theories of organisation, we argue that a key feature of this organisation – the collective of artists – helped in connecting means and ends while balancing hybridity through the process of partial organising. Our paper contributes to the burgeoning literature on how organisations deal with hybridity challenges by exploring the means-ends perspective at the level of an organisation. It highlights the use of partial organising for balancing social and commercial pursuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better understand the role of context for theory development in entrepreneurship, we build a theoretical framework which captures four aspects of the "theory to context" and "context to theory" interplay. We use the results from a literature review of entrepreneurship research on Russia published in leading journals over the past 30-year period to test our framework and show how contextualization enhances theoretical development in the entrepreneurship field and how context theorizing leads to the development of new theories. We propose ideas for the development of indigenous theory of Russian entrepreneurship based on the specificity of history and geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at studying the consequences of investments in the innovative development for quality of regional entrepreneurship’s products and the perspectives of balance of Russia’s regional economy. Originality and novelty of this research consist in the following: firstly, it offers a systemic treatment of quality in the integrity of all its manifestations. Secondly, it considers quality as a source of overcoming the underrun of certain regions from other regions and ensuring the balance of regional economy. Thirdly, it offers a tool that is available for internal (corporate) and external (state) quality management – investments in innovations – which allows creating a synergetic effect in the form of systemic improvement of quality’s manifestations. Practical significance of the obtained results consists in determination of top-priority manifestations of quality for provision of regional economy in modern Russia – volume of export and share of innovative products in the structure of regional entrepreneurship’s products. Empirical value of this research consists in development of applied authors’ recommendations (management implications) for provision of the balance of regional economy based on improvement of the practice of investing in innovations in the interests of quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to demonstrate the importance of organizational networks in organizational performance is relatively rich; less understood are processes in organizational networking that entrepreneurs and organizations use in making sense of rapidly changing contexts for organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach: This study conducts an exploratory organizational-level narrative analysis into firms' experiences in two major emerging markets (EMs), namely, Russia and India – to identify organizational networking processes in the midst of institutional upheavals. The study is based on in-depth case studies of firms in EMs sourced from interview data from senior management and consolidated with secondary data. Findings: The authors find that initially firms rely on informal networks (including blat/svyazi and jaan-pehchaan/jan-pehchan) and later formal (in the form of bureaucratic followed by proprietary) networks to make sense of the changes and uncertainties in turbulent environments. The authors also demonstrate the cyclical nature of strategic sensemaking in the process of developing organizational networks for performance. Originality: The study has a number of theoretical and practical contributions. First, it extends the well-established business networking construct to a more inclusive organizational networking construct. Second, it demonstrates that sensemaking is dependent on interorganizational networking from the outset and throughout the growth of an organization in turbulent markets – from informal to formal bureaucratic and proprietary networks. Finally, this study is unique in documenting the entire process of sensemaking from scanning to performance as well as successfully demonstrating the cyclical nature of sensemaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to investigate the field of entrepreneurship in the context of public sector governance in eight of the largest economies in the world (the G7 countries and Russia). To analyse the composition and evolution of entrepreneurship, data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor was collected, while the economic stability was based on GDP data from the World Bank. To understand the relationships between the public sector governance policies and attitudes towards entrepreneurship in terms of economic development, the 2001-2018 period was considered. The relationships studied were observed through correlation and regression analyses, based on indexes obtained through principal component analysis. Results indicate that there are strong positive correlations between GDP and cultural and social norms promoted in society, total early-stage entrepreneurial activity, physical and services infrastructure, and tax and bureaucracy, while the fear of failure affects the GDP. Besides, this research emphasises the fact that individuals' entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviour may reduce the level of GDP, while the entrepreneurial framework developed by the public sector would have an important role in increasing economic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the US and its allies have mobilized long‐standing international institutions to sanction Russia and repel its war in Ukraine. This mobilization is likely to change the world order, with long‐term effects on the birth, survival and growth of international new ventures. However, these effects will vary across different regions of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the authors introduce mutual insurance as a constructive component of the modern entrepreneurial landscape aimed at the protection of the wealth-related interests of the participants of the mutual insurance company (mutual insurance society, friendly society, etc.). Analyzing mutual insurance, the authors display it from the standpoint of entrepreneurship and assume that such companies (MICs) are among the insurance market actors. The specific feature of MICs is that they form the community of their members-policyholders. As far as members of each organization of this kind are its co-owners, they carry out some critical entrepreneurial activity functions. The object of this research is represented by the insurance market of the Russian Federation, through the prism of which the degree of development of MICs was demonstrated, and the barriers to its infrastructure growth were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Annals-XXI / Ekonomìčnij Časopis-XXI is the property of Institute of Society Transformation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)