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In this manuscript, we have theoretically reanalyzed data prepared and already published by Foroughi et al. (RSC Adv 2016;6:46427–32). These data concern the thermal energy dependence of the electrical conductivity of the samples: graphene fiber, graphene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (graphene/PEDOT), graphene/carbon nanotube (graphene/CNT) and graphene/carbon nonotube/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (graphene/CNT/PEDOT) composite fibers. We investigate the behavior of the thermal conductivity for these four samples. These samples are considered as thermoelectric materials or green energy conversion materials using the Seebeck effect to transform heat into electrical energy and vice versa. In this context, the optimization of the merit factor ZT remains a challenge for the scientific community. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate and characterize the thermoelectric efficiency of the above-mentioned samples. We confront the experimental data with the existing theoretical models. The thermoelectric efficiency is generally characterized by the merit factor ZT. The maximum ZT of about 1,2 is obtained in the graphene fiber and between 0,1 and 0,2 in the others samples. The performance of the material depends on ZT; indeed a high ZT (⁠|$\mathrm{ZT}\ge 1$|⁠) corresponds to a better optimization of the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]