74 results
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2. Militarization, globalization and liberal democracy: a nexus?
- Author
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Kollias, Christos and Tzeremes, Panayiotis
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- 2024
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3. Globalization and shadow economy: a panel analysis for Africa
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Ajide, Folorunsho M. and Dada, James T.
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
4. Does governance quality matter for the development of financial institutions in Pakistan?
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Ahad, Muhammad and Imran, Zulfiqar Ali
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- 2023
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5. How trade diversification and economic growth affect gender inequality in female labour market participation? The case of India
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Ghosh, Sudeshna
- Published
- 2022
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6. The economics of the Manila Galleon
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Mejia, Javier and JavierMejia
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
7. An empirical analysis of human trafficking in an era of globalization
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Malah, Yselle Flora Kuete and Asongu, Simplice
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- 2022
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8. The capital logic of platform economy globalisation and it’s critique and transcendence
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Han, Wenlong
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- 2022
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9. Challenges to Water Resource Management: The Role of Economic and Modeling Approaches.
- Author
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Dinar, Ariel
- Subjects
WATER management ,ECONOMIC models ,COMPUTABLE general equilibrium models ,WATER shortages ,DEVELOPMENT economics ,SALINE water conversion - Abstract
The field of water management is continually changing. Water has been subject to external shocks in the form of climate change and globalization. Water management analysis is subject to disciplinary developments and inter-disciplinary interactions. Are these developments well-documented in the literature? Initial observations in the interdisciplinary literature suggest that results are fragmented, implying that a state-of-the-art review is needed. This paper aims to close such a gap by reviewing recent developments in water economics that address increasing perceptions of water scarcity by looking first at changes in the supply and quality of water and then at the impacts of climate change on water supply extremes. Among responses to such challenges, this paper identifies changes to water use patterns by including and co-managing water from different sources, including surface and groundwater, reclaimed wastewater, and desalinated water. Technological advancements are also among the resources that address water challenges. Water challenges are also reflected in the management of internationally shared water. A recent surge in scientific work identified international treaties as a significant contributor to international water management. This paper reviews recently employed economic approaches, such as experimental economics, game theory, institutional economics, and valuation methods. And, finally, it explores modeling approaches, including hydro-economic and computable general equilibrium models, that are being used to deal with water challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Sustainability spillover effects and partnership between East Asia & Pacific versus North America: interactions of social, environment and economy
- Author
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Mehrab Nodehi, Vahid Mohamad Taghvaee, and Abbas Assari Arani
- Subjects
O21 ,Economics and Econometrics ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Openness ,Environmental pollution ,O24 ,Globalization ,Spillover effect ,Sustainable development ,Urban and Regional Planning ,Economics ,East Asia ,Demography ,Original Paper ,Peace ,Q52 ,Trade facilitation ,O19 ,Q56 ,Urban Studies ,Industrialisation ,Sustainability ,Economy ,Applied Economics ,Reduced Inequalities ,Partnership - Abstract
The three sustainability pillars of social, environment and economy were initially introduced by the United Nations in 2002, addressing major global sustainability issues including economic problems, income inequality, environmental pollution and social shortcomings. Comparing East Asia & Pacific with North America, there is a growing concern over economic, political and even social competition as a result of recent development and industrialization that is taking place in Asian countries. This might lead to an unhealthy conflict that favors regional independency as opposed to the current globalization and trade facilitation trend. As a result, this study aims to assess the effects of development in three main pillars of sustainability (social, environment and economy) in the East Asia and Pacific on that of North America and vice versa. To estimate this interactive or spillover effects of sustainable development (or sustainability elasticities), our research employs Econometric methodologies including Simultaneous Equations System, Vector AutoRegressive (VAR) and Granger Causality approaches during 1971-2016. The results show that most of the sustainability elasticities are positive between and inside the two regions, supporting the synergetic character of the sustainability spillover effects and confirming constructive role of globalization and openness in the sustainability progress. Based on the results, this research suggests policy-makers to follow cooperative and flow-based governance rather than the placed-based or regional independent thinking that supports integrated sustainable development benefiting not only the two parties but also the overall global sustainability.
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- 2021
11. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN TEACHING ROMANIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE.
- Author
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Braniște, Ludmila B.
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CULTURAL competence ,FOREIGN language education ,ROMANIAN language ,ACADEMIC motivation ,GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
Copyright of Methodical Perspectives / Metodički Vidici is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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12. Beyond core and periphery: the role of the semi-periphery in global capitalism.
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Cairó-i-Céspedes, Gemma and Palacios Cívico, Juan Carlos
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GLOBALIZATION ,CAPITALISM ,ECONOMIC development ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,MULTIPLE correspondence analysis (Statistics) ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Capitalist globalisation has shown the need to define the semi-periphery as a new category that transcends the traditional core–periphery division. This paper aims to characterise this new category and understand the role it plays in the reorganisation of the production process, in addition to the effects this specific participation has on the global economy. Building on previous theoretical developments, this paper aims to analyse and identify these specific features, examining them through a set of economic, social and technological variables by applying principal component and cluster analyses. In doing so, the empirical analysis identifies a group of countries that have not been able to turn their current or recent economic dynamism into higher levels of socio-economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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13. Evaluación cuantitativa del riesgo: Relación entre internacionalización y crecimiento socioeconómico de la pyme española.
- Author
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Ditta, Geoffrey, Arenas Falótico, Andrés Jerónimo, and Bayón Pérez, Jessica
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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14. N-11 Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Büyüme, Fosil Yakıt Tüketimi ve Küreselleşme'nin Çevresel Bozulma Üzerindeki Etkisinin Ülke Bazlı Araştırılması.
- Author
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Açıkgöz, Furkan and Öncel, Abidin
- Abstract
Copyright of Turkish Studies - Economics, Finance, Politics is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Challenges to Water Resource Management: The Role of Economic and Modeling Approaches
- Author
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Ariel Dinar
- Subjects
water ,economics ,globalization ,climate change ,valuation ,CGE ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
The field of water management is continually changing. Water has been subject to external shocks in the form of climate change and globalization. Water management analysis is subject to disciplinary developments and inter-disciplinary interactions. Are these developments well-documented in the literature? Initial observations in the interdisciplinary literature suggest that results are fragmented, implying that a state-of-the-art review is needed. This paper aims to close such a gap by reviewing recent developments in water economics that address increasing perceptions of water scarcity by looking first at changes in the supply and quality of water and then at the impacts of climate change on water supply extremes. Among responses to such challenges, this paper identifies changes to water use patterns by including and co-managing water from different sources, including surface and groundwater, reclaimed wastewater, and desalinated water. Technological advancements are also among the resources that address water challenges. Water challenges are also reflected in the management of internationally shared water. A recent surge in scientific work identified international treaties as a significant contributor to international water management. This paper reviews recently employed economic approaches, such as experimental economics, game theory, institutional economics, and valuation methods. And, finally, it explores modeling approaches, including hydro-economic and computable general equilibrium models, that are being used to deal with water challenges.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Urban Form and Real Estate Value in Msheireb Downtown Doha, Qatar.
- Author
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Aliyar, Adheena Kottappurath, Major, Mark David, Tannous, Heba O., and Al-Esmail, Fatima R. A.
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REAL property ,URBANIZATION ,GLOBALIZATION ,CULTURAL values - Abstract
In the late 20th century, Doha's rapid urbanization and globalization led to the loss of housing and the compact, traditional urban fabric in the old city center. The Qatari government and Msheireb Properties developed Msheireb Downtown Doha to bring urban living back with a contemporary re-interpretation of the traditional urban fabric and modern life conveniences. Our study's primary objective is to investigate the relationship between urban form and the rental value of residential units, identifying factors that might influence rental asking prices. The paper examines morphological characteristics through field surveys and the real-estate variables such as location, floor area, number of bedrooms/bathrooms, and asking price collected from publicly available real estate websites. The findings indicate that the residential units' layout and adjacent streets' morphological characteristics clearly define specific targeted user groups. Larger residential units target Qatari families via more bedrooms/bathrooms and quieter urban settings, emphasizing Islamic cultural values. Smaller units target ex-pat workers (especially Westerners) using open-plan layouts in more lively urban environments of the development. The price per square meter also increases for residential units closer to the Doha Metro station. The study reiterates the success of compact living for improving urban living in other neighborhoods of old Doha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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17. State capital in a geoeconomic world: mapping state-led foreign investment in the global political economy
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Milan Babic, RS: FASoS GTD, and Technology & Society Studies
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Economics and Econometrics ,corporate ownership ,Sociology and Political Science ,global capitalism ,AUTHORITY ,POWER ,transnational state capital ,foreign direct investment ,corporate power ,geopolitics ,Foreign direct investment ,Geopolitics ,050601 international relations ,Market economy ,international affairs ,state-led investment ,050602 political science & public administration ,Economics ,International political economy ,state ownership ,International relations ,PRODUCTION NETWORKS ,international relations ,05 social sciences ,SOVEREIGN WEALTH FUNDS ,international studies ,State capitalism ,RISE ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,POLICY ,0506 political science ,State ownership ,ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,state capitalism ,Capital (economics) ,international politics ,Political Science and International Relations ,NATIONAL-SECURITY ,geoeconomics ,globalization - Abstract
What are the consequences of the rise of foreign state-led investment for international politics? Existing research oscillates between a 'geopolitical' and a 'commercial' logic driving this type of investment and remains inconclusive about its wider international reverberations. In this paper, I suggest going beyond this dichotomy by analyzing its systemic consequences. To do so, I conceptually delineate a geoeconomic approach that emphasizes the globalized nature of foreign state investment. I argue that foreign state investment creates system-level patterns, which can be studied by observing similar sectoral and geographic investment behavior. I map this phenomenon globally for the first time, drawing on the largest dataset on foreign state investment. Empirically, I show how foreign state investment is highly concentrated in Europe, North America and East Asia, and is owned by a handful of dominant states. It is especially European geo-industrial clusters that represent the hotspots of such concentration. The findings also suggest that three global industries - energy production, high-tech manufacturing, and transportation and logistics - form the key areas for current and future state-led investment concentration. With these contributions, the paper illuminates the increasing presence of states as owners in the global political economy, and facilitates its study as a geoeconomic phenomenon.
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- 2023
18. Концепції державної політики розвитку 'зеленої' економіки: еволюція, сутність, цілі та принципи
- Author
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Yu Polishchuk
- Subjects
Sustainable development ,Globalization ,World economy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Economics ,Developing country ,Public policy ,Ideology ,Economic system ,World community ,media_common ,Green economy - Abstract
Problem setting. The concepts of economic development at the beginning of the third millennium have largely exhausted themselves and require immediate revision and updating. The modern economic development of our civilization at certain intervals has more, so to speak, “side effects” which are a kind of price to increase the welfare of people. Among them there are two main vectors: first, the depletion of limited planetary resources, and secondly – an increase in waste. These two vectors are the most important in the development of Ukraine and the world as a whole, the implementation of the state policy of “green” economy will save our land and live in harmony with our nature.Recent research and publications analysis. Theoretical aspects of the concept of “green economy” are studied by the following scientists: Bublyk, Galushkina, Ivanyuta, Chmir, Yakovenko, Yarmolenko and others. Today, many countries, given the experience of the shortcomings of globalization processes, are actively looking for new models of further development.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The concept of “green” economy today is actively discussed at the level of international organizations, national governments, and among scientists. Despite this, there are few such studies at the scientific level in Ukraine. It should be noted that most of the research in the field of public policy of the “green” economy is carried out by foreign scientists. Therefore, there is a need to systematize scientific and practical knowledge about the new course of formation and implementation of state policy of “green” economy and the definition of basic concepts of “green” economy for Ukraine.Paper main body To generalize the basic concepts of “green” economy development as an object of state policy, to reveal the essence, goals and principles of “green” economy.The concept of “green” economy adopted by the world community is designed to ensure the harmonization of the three components of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental. “Green” Economy is not just a possibility but a compulsory way of development for all countries and nations if they want to ensure a secure future for their citizens. The transition to a green economy has a long and difficult path, but today a number of advanced economies and developing countries demonstrate leadership by adopting “green” economic strategies.Comparative characteristic of concepts of “green economy” is made, its purposes and principles are defined. It is emphasized that the model of “green” economy normalizes the interaction of human activity and nature. Summarizing all the concepts of “green economy”, which were considered in the paper, we can say that it embodied three areas – it is ecology, economics, social development.In this paper actualized problems in the transition of society to priority innovation areas “green” economy.The priority public policy based on the introduction of innovative environmentally sound technologies that will ensure the sustainable development of society in a strategic perspective. The author analyzes the concept as an important component of socio-economic development of the state, shows its importance to the national economy. Strategic priorities involvement of the Ukrainian regions’ “green” economics potential as the basis for the formation of “growth points” and “economic development areas” at the local and regional level has been reasonable. In paper it is proved that the development of “green” economics contributes to solute several system problems of the regions in Ukraine: reduces energy production, stimulates the transition to alternative energy, which creates jobs and improves the quality of life in the regions.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies Thus, the state policy of development of “green” economy is a new direction of strategy of many countries of the world which was formed during the last twenty years. It is believed that the development of public policy of “green” economy will ensure the development of most countries and save from the financial and environmental crisis.In view of the above, it is necessary to promote the ideology of public policy “green” economy as the main paradigm for the transformation of social change. Even with very conservative assumptions, the “green” investment scenario allows for decisive measures to achieve higher annual growth rates over 5 – 10 years and increases the reserves of renewable resources needed for the development of the world economy.
- Published
- 2021
19. Deindustrialization in developed countries amid accelerated globalization: Patterns, influencers, and policy insights
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Nobuya Haraguchi, Juergen Amann, and Khuong M. Vu
- Subjects
Deindustrialization ,Economics and Econometrics ,Manufacturing employment ,Globalization ,Development economics ,Economics ,Balance of trade ,Productivity ,Developed country ,Influencer marketing - Abstract
This paper examines the dynamics of deindustrialization in developed countries during the 1970–2015 period, investigating the patterns and factors underlying manufacturing employment growth in 12 developed economies. The study discloses seven key findings with valuable policy insights. In particular, the paper shows that deindustrialization is a persistent pattern that experienced a significant structural change in the post-1990 period, in which the acceleration of globalization with the rise of North-South trade appeared to have a significant effect. Furthermore, industries with higher relative labour productivity are significantly more resistant to deindustrialization, particularly in the post-1990 period, and this effect is stronger for low-tech industries. In addition, deindustrialization tends to be more severe in countries with larger populations and a deficit-prone trade balance, and these links have become more pronounced in the post-1990 period.
- Published
- 2021
20. From Monopoly to Monopsony Capitalism
- Author
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Dev Nathan
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Labour ,Monopsony ,Labour power ,Capitalism ,Neoclassical economics ,Article ,Power (social and political) ,Globalization ,Value (economics) ,Impact of globalization ,Economics ,F66 ,Countervailing power ,J42 ,Monopoly ,Power in markets - Abstract
This paper argues for the characterization of contemporary capitalism as monopsony capitalism and, specifically, as global monopsony capitalism. This means that the degrees of buyer power should be added to the usual demand–supply analysis of markets for labour power and other inputs. Monopsony is used to understand the nature of global value chains, within which the paper distinguishes high, medium and low levels of monopsony power and outlines the main features of labour conditions in these different levels of monopsony power. The paper also sees how the working of monopsony power is gendered. The concluding section points to the difficult task of forming countervailing power in the age of global monopsony capitalism.
- Published
- 2021
21. Globalization and national development paths: Stylized facts for analysing the Argentine case
- Author
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Lorenzo Cassini, Martín Schorr, and Gustavo García Zanotti
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Globalization ,Stylized fact ,National development ,Economics ,Production (economics) ,General Medicine ,Economic geography ,China ,Socioeconomic status ,The Republic ,Natural resource - Abstract
This paper uses stylized facts to analyse the production paths and socioeconomic performance of a group of countries over the last few decades, with a view to making a comparative analysis of the Argentine case. Nine countries were selected for this purpose (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, India, Mexico, Norway and the Republic of Korea); and a long-term analysis was performed by constructing indicators that synthesize the production paths and performance of these economies. The paper concludes that two major types of production paths have predominated during this period. The first is based on dynamic advantages concentrated in high-technology goods, which results in a positive performance. The second is based on static advantages, such as cheap labour or natural resource abundance, which leads to more heterogeneous outcomes.
- Published
- 2021
22. Entrepreneurship in superdiverse societies and the end of one-size-fits-all policy prescriptions
- Author
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David Emanuel Andersson, Dieter Bögenhold, and Marek Hudik
- Subjects
Consumption (economics) ,Ecological niche ,Globalization ,Entrepreneurship ,Resource (project management) ,Economics ,Public policy ,Product (category theory) ,Industrial organization ,Diversity (business) - Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the entrepreneurial and policy consequences of the structural changes associated with postindustrialization.Design/methodology/approachThe approach uses Schumpeterian and institutional theories to predict the consequences of postindustrialization on four types of innovative markets: global mass markets; global niche markets; local mass markets and local niche markets.FindingsThe paper makes two key predictions. First, global mass markets will account for most cost-cutting process innovations. Second, niche markets, whether global or local, will provide the bulk of product innovations. Opportunities for product innovations in niche markets multiply both as the result of a more complex economy and as the result of heterogeneous preferences of consumers with divergent learning trajectories.Social implicationsThe key implication of the theoretical pattern prediction of this paper is that there are increasing opportunities for entrepreneurs to introduce novelties that cater to niche demands, and this includes new lifestyle communities. The increasing diversity of values and preferences implies that one-size-fit-all policies are becoming increasingly inimical to the entrepreneurial discovery of higher-valued resource uses.Originality/valueThis paper takes a standard prediction of entrepreneurial theories – that innovations become more common with an increase in economy-wide product complexity – and extends this to increasing complexity on the consumption side. With increases in opportunities for learning, consumers diverge and develop disparate lifestyles. The resultant super-diversity, which multiplies consumption niches to a much greater extent than what ethnicity-based diversity indices would imply, makes it more difficult to achieve consensus about the desirability of public policies.
- Published
- 2021
23. The economics of the Manila Galleon
- Author
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Javier Mejia
- Subjects
Globalization ,Economy ,Economic framework ,Economics ,Business and International Management ,China ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Pacific ocean ,Market conditions - Abstract
PurposeThis paper aims to offer a unified economic interpretation of the existing evidence on the Manila Galleon. It intends to be an introduction to the Manila Galleon for economists curious about long-term patterns in global trade, but who are not experts on economic history.Design/methodology/approachThe paper jointly presents quantitative and qualitative data to analyze in a critical way the existing work on the Manila Galleon. It proposes a conceptual model from the world-systems approach to reflect on the impact of this trade route. Evidence from two case studies, New Granada and Korea, accompany the model.FindingsThe paper finds that the Manila Galleon was only possible because of the temporary coincidence of a quite singular set of international circumstances and favorable local market conditions. The paper also finds that, despite its large effects on the global integration of silver markets, the Manila Galleon was a profoundly asymmetric activity that brought minor consequences to most of the world.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper shows the importance of additional studies providing systematic quantitative evidence on the Manila Galleon. The long tradition of an archival collection developed by historians offers a huge potential to this line of research. In addition, studies in regions different from Mexico, the Philippines, Spain and China would contribute to a better understanding of the Manila Galleon’s global consequences.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a series of reflections useful to think about the future challenges of global trade. These challenges require understanding the transformations that will come from profound technological change, massive reconfigurations of the geopolitical order and transitions in the long-term cycles of commodities. Because of their rare occurrence, these are forces hardly visible in recent history, making it necessary for the existence of long-term points of reference such as the Manila Galleon.Originality/valueThis paper brings together widespread evidence on the Manila Galleon and provides a unified interpretation of it. This opens the door for audiences who are not experts on the economic history of the period to discuss the topic, allowing them to reflect on its lessons for the modern world.
- Published
- 2021
24. Natural resources abundance, economic globalization, and carbon emissions
- Author
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Nazim Hussain, Claire Emilienne Wati Yameogo, Abdul Majeed, Dinara G. Vasbieva, Xiaoman Wu, and Research Programme Accounting
- Subjects
Sustainable development ,Globalization ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Natural resource economics ,Urbanization ,Sustainability ,Economics ,Development ,Resource depletion ,Economic globalization ,Environmental degradation ,Natural resource - Abstract
The high pace of economic growth has posed many challenges. These challenges include depletion of natural resources, globalization challenges, and environmental degradation. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies are rich in mineral resources. Economic globalization has put the MENA countries in the spotlight for the developed world. Despite the status of being a hotspot for mineral resource richness, there is limited research on the effect of natural resources and economic globalization on the environmental degradation of the MENA countries. This paper examines the effects of natural resource abundance and economic globalization on environmental quality by considering trade openness, urbanization, and economic growth from the year 1980 to 2018. We apply second‐generation panel cointegration techniques along with continuously updated fully modified (Cup‐FM) and continuously updated bias‐corrected (Cup‐BC) techniques. The findings show that natural resource abundance significantly improves environmental quality. Likewise, economic globalization also mitigates emissions levels in the MENA countries. In contrast, trade openness, urbanization, and economic growth significantly deteriorate environmental quality. The unidirectional link indicates natural resources and economic globalization create trade openness. The paper provides novel empirical evidence and policy recommendations for sustainable development goals.
- Published
- 2021
25. Fair Market Constitutionalism: From Neo-liberal to Democratic Liberal Economic Governance.
- Author
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Dixon, Rosalind
- Subjects
CONSTITUTIONALISM ,NEOLIBERALISM ,FAIR value ,CORONAVIRUS diseases ,GLOBALIZATION ,FREE enterprise ,SOCIAL democracy ,SOCIAL & economic rights - Abstract
Neo-liberalism was in crisis well before COVID-19; and COVID-19 has only further highlighted the gaps and fault lines in existing liberal democratic models. But this does not mean that we should walk away from liberal ideals, or the general idea of globalisation or market-based forms of ordering. Instead, we should seek a new, more 'democratic' or pro-social understanding of the liberal ideal, which emphasises the idea of fair rather over free markets. This idea of fair markets can be understood in numerous ways, but I suggest that it is best understood as entailing a commitment by the state to: (i) guaranteeing access to a public baseline of core goods, or access to a generous social minimum to all citizens, regardless of market outcomes; (ii) ensuring equality of access to certain 'relative goods'; (iii) regulating market power or sources of monopoly power; and (iv) responding to or 'internalising' negative externalities or social costs associated with private market behaviour. The article explores what this entails for the design of constitutions, and especially constitutional property and social rights, and the scope and strength of judicial review. Ultimately, the article suggests, fair market constitutionalism points to the desirability of a combination of weak property and social rights—ie property rights that offer some but not complete protection for existing economic entitlements, coupled with legislative duties to implement fair market norms or limited weak social rights guarantees. But this does not mean that such guarantees can only be weakly enforced by courts: blockages in the democratic process may mean that courts can and should adopt a weak–strong—or responsive—approach to enforcing these fundamentally weak rights guarantees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. SITUATION OF RESIDENTIAL MIGRATION IN THE LABOR FIELD IN ECUADOR, PERIOD 2016-2021.
- Author
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GARZOZI-PINCAY, RENÉ FARUK and GARZOZI-PINCAY, YAMEL SOFÍA
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration ,HUMAN beings ,LABOR mobility ,COUNTRY of origin (Immigrants) ,ECONOMICS ,QUALITY of life ,REMITTANCES ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,LABOR market ,PAYMENT - Abstract
Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Big tech, knowledge predation and the implications for development
- Author
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Bengt-Åke Lundvall and Cecilia Rikap
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Rentier capitalism ,Sociology and Political Science ,corporate innovation system ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,HB ,Intellectual monopolies ,rentier capitalism ,Development ,Phase (combat) ,economic development ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Education ,Predation ,data-driven rents ,Globalization ,Market economy ,knowledge predation ,0502 economics and business ,Political Science and International Relations ,Economics ,050207 economics ,050203 business & management - Abstract
This paper focuses on tech giants as active drivers of a phase of globalization characterized by growth in digital services trade combined with a general shift to intangible assets. By analysing how Google, Amazon and Microsoft organize their innovation activities, we show that they continuously monopolize knowledge while outsourcing innovation steps to other firms and research institutions. The paper compares science and technology collaborations with patent co-ownership suggesting knowledge predation from those other organizations. We also highlight that selected tech giants combine the collection of innovation rents with rents from exclusive access to data. We, therefore, refer to tech giants as data-driven intellectual monopolies, each organizing and controlling a global corporate innovation system (CIS). Intellectual monopolies predate knowledge (including data when they are data-driven) from their CIS that they turn into intangible assets. The paper ends with reflections on the implications for innovation and development.
- Published
- 2022
28. Inequality in late colonial Indonesia : new evidence on regional differences
- Author
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Pim de Zwart
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,History ,Inequality ,060106 history of social sciences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Context (language use) ,WASS ,Colonialism ,Representativeness heuristic ,Globalization ,Order (exchange) ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,0601 history and archaeology ,050207 economics ,Agrarische en Milieugeschiedenis ,media_common ,05 social sciences ,06 humanities and the arts ,Rural and Environmental History ,Southeast Asia ,Variation (linguistics) ,Demographic economics ,Regional differences - Abstract
This paper adds to a growing literature that charts and explains inequality levels in pre-industrial societies. On the basis of a wide variety of primary documents, the degree of inequality is estimated for 32 different residencies, the largest administrative units and comparable to present-day provinces, of late colonial Indonesia. Four different measures of inequality (the Gini, Theil, Inequality Extraction Rate and Top Income Rate) are employed that show consistent results. Variation in inequality levels across late colonial Indonesia is very large, and some residencies have much higher levels of inequality (with, for example, Ginis above 60) than others (with Ginis below 30). This suggests that even within a single colony, levels of inequality may vary substantially and this puts some doubts on the representativeness of using a single number to capture the level of inequality in a large economy. In order to explain the variation across residencies and over time, this paper investigates the role of exports and plantations, so frequently mentioned in the literature. It is shown that both explain a part of the variation in levels of inequality across colonial Indonesia, but that only the rise of plantations can explain changes in inequality levels over time. This points to the importance of the institutional context in which global export trade takes place for the rise of inequality.
- Published
- 2022
29. Structural change, modernization, total factor productivity, and natural resources sustainability: An assessment with quantile and non-quantile estimators
- Author
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Emrah Koçak, Kamran Khan, and Seyit Önderol
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Sociology and Political Science ,Natural resource economics ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Modernization theory ,Natural resource ,Globalization ,Industrialisation ,Urbanization ,Sustainability ,Economics ,Law ,Total factor productivity ,Quantile - Abstract
This paper evaluates the effects of structural change, modernization, globalization, and total factor productivity on natural resource utilization in China over the period 1970–2017 by using non-quantile and quantile estimators. The results reveal that (i) income growth, industrialization, urbanization, and total factor productivity have a detrimental effect on the sustainability of natural resources. (ii) Global integration contributes to the sustainability of natural resource utilization (iii) There is no statistically significant relationship between institutional development and sustainability of natural resources. After all, this paper underlines that China's economic, social, and technological developments are not sustainable in terms of natural resources. While this research provides some policy recommendations, it also suggests that all aspects of the ecological sustainability of the structural change process in China should be discussed further.
- Published
- 2021
30. A structural approach to measuring the degree of economic integration: Evidence from G-7 countries
- Author
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Uluc Aysun
- Subjects
Economic integration ,Globalization ,Shock (economics) ,Bayes estimator ,Economics and Econometrics ,Econometrics ,Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium ,Economics ,Open economy ,Degree (music) ,Finance ,Odds - Abstract
This paper infers the degree of economic integration amongst G-7 countries by estimating a two country DSGE model separately for each country in the group. In doing so, the two economies in the model are represented by the observations for a specific country and the corresponding values for the rest of G-7. To infer the degree of economic integration, the model's shock processes are reconfigured so that they include a component that is common for each economy and shocks can be transmitted from one economy to the other. Capturing the degree of economic integration by the relative contribution of common and foreign shocks to the variation of domestic variables, the paper draws inferences that are at odds with those based on more traditional measures of globalization. Countries that are more open to trade and financial flows in the data are ranked lower in terms of economic integration according to post-estimation statistics.
- Published
- 2022
31. Pandemic vulnerability, policy feedback and support for immigration: Evidence from Asia.
- Author
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Lee, Siu‐yau, Yuen, Samson, Or, Nick H. K., Cheng, Edmund W., and Yue, Ricci P. H.
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration & psychology ,IMMIGRANTS ,COVID-19 ,SOCIAL support ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,TRAVEL ,ECONOMICS ,SURVEYS ,DISEASE susceptibility ,GOVERNMENT policy ,THEORY ,EMOTIONS ,WORRY ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Past studies have shown that disease threat increases people's hostility towards immigrants. However, in our survey (N = 9571) conducted in five advanced Asian economies during the outbreak of COVID‐19, we found that COVID‐19 vulnerability was positively associated with support for immigration. Drawing on insight from policy feedback theories, we propose that the positive association is caused by the presence of widespread border crossing restrictions, which have changed the meaning and cost implications of COVID‐19. As the outbreak expands, the pandemic has become not just a threat to people's health but also a barrier to globalization. Consequently, people who are worried about the disease may see globalization processes, including migration, as signs of pandemic relief. We find supportive evidence in our analysis. First, the positive association between COVID‐19 vulnerability and support for immigration is more salient among respondents who considered restrictions on international travel to be stringent. Second, the positive association between COVID‐19 vulnerability and immigration attitude was mediated by perceived economic threat from the pandemic and contribution by immigrants towards the containment of the pandemic. These findings suggest that disease control measures adopted at the global level may alter certain widely accepted effects of disease threat on immigration attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The effect of oil rent on economic development in Saudi Arabia: Comparing the role of globalization and the international geopolitical risk
- Author
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Khadiga Elbargathi and Osama D. Sweidan
- Subjects
Distributed lag ,Economics and Econometrics ,Globalization ,Economic growth ,Sociology and Political Science ,Economics ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Geopolitics ,Moderation ,Law - Abstract
We explored the effect of globalization and international geopolitical risks on Saudi Arabia's economic development via the channel of Saudi's oil rent during the period 1970–2018. In addition, we tested if globalization and international geopolitical risk can strengthen or weaken the impact of oil rent on Saudi Arabia's economic development. A time series autoregressive distributed lag model with moderation effects was used to achieve the paper's objective. Our results revealed that the direct short and long run effects of oil rent and globalization are statistically significant and positive, while the influence of international geopolitical risk is statistically insignificant in the short and long run. However, adding the moderation effects to the analysis reversed the results. The interaction terms of our paper are significant and negative. It implies that the interaction terms deflate the direct positive effects. Therefore, the final effect of oil rent and globalization could be either positive or negative, while the final effect of the international geopolitical risk is negative. The findings from the current paper confirms that globalization effect is dominant on economic development, compared to geopolitical risk. The policy implication of our paper focuses on diversifying Saudi's economy and strengthen Saudi Arabia's institutional framework.
- Published
- 2022
33. Ecological relationships of global construction industries in sustainable economic and energy development
- Author
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Youquan Xu, Chunlu Liu, Jide Sun, Lingfeng Liang, Qun Gao, and Bin Liu
- Subjects
Index (economics) ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Mechanical Engineering ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Pollution ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Agricultural economics ,Globalization ,General Energy ,Ecological relationship ,Energy development ,020401 chemical engineering ,Energy intensity ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Economics ,0204 chemical engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,China ,business ,Embodied energy ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Value-added trade has increased rapidly in recent decades in the context of globalisation. This paper aims to measure the energy embodied in the value-added trade and the ecological relationships in the networks of the international construction industries. A hybrid method which combines ecological network analysis and the input–output method has been adopted. The direct energy intensities in most countries ranged from 0 to 3.0 trillion joules per million US$ and the dominant relationships were control and exploitation in the selected 15 years. For the construction sector, the negative relationships were dominant at 63.9% in Australia and 79.19% in China. The ratio of positive relationships increased from 24.3% to 31.5%, while the ratio of negative relationships declined from 75.7% to 68.5% over the 15 years. The mutualism index ranged from 0.72 to 0.98 over the 15 years, maintaining a value less than 1. In contrast, the synergism index had an increase of 12.2 over the 15 years. The results indicate that both direct energy intensity and the value-added ratio are important factors in relation to the energy embodied in value-added trade. Sectoral influence on the national industrial system has been interpreted in this paper to stimulate further research.
- Published
- 2021
34. Finance offshore et paradis fiscaux. Légal ou illégal?
- Author
-
Deneault, Alain
- Subjects
ECONOMICS ,GLOBALIZATION ,NONFICTION - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Heterogeneous Driving Factors of Carbon Emissions Embedded in China’s Export: An Application of the LASSO Model
- Author
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Jiajia Li, Yucong Liu, Houjian Li, and Abbas Ali Chandio
- Subjects
China ,Natural resource economics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Article ,Gross domestic product ,embodied carbon emissions ,Globalization ,Urbanization ,gender ,Economics ,Humans ,Industry ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Driving factors ,Carbon leakage ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Carbon Dioxide ,Carbon ,Carbon neutrality ,Greenhouse gas ,LASSO model ,Medicine ,female parliamentarians ,Female ,Economic Development ,export - Abstract
With the steady growth of CO2 emissions embedded in trade, the driving forces of emissions have attracted extensive attention. Most of the literature has verified a bundle of the influential factors, however, further analyses are necessary to understand the predominant and heterogeneous driving factors in different economies and/or industries. Accordingly, by applying the multiregional input–output (MRIO) model, this article firstly evaluates the embodied carbon emissions of China’s export from 1992 to 2020 in total volumes and by 14 industries. Then, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) estimations allow us to discover that urbanization, technology update and gross domestic product (GDP) are the leading three prioritizing factors in generating China’s export emissions. Interestingly, this paper discovers that raising the proportion of female parliamentarians contributes to an abatement of emissions. Furthermore, the empirical results suggest that the heterogeneities of those factors do exist among industries. For example, the percentage of females in parliaments turns out to have a larger effect among labor-intensive industries only. In facing with rapid globalization and economic development of China, this paper provides important policy implications towards specific industries in terms of mitigating trade emissions. It guides policy-makers to achieve “carbon neutrality” by avoiding carbon leakage in net-export countries such as China.
- Published
- 2021
36. Modeling the dynamic links among natural resources, economic globalization, disaggregated energy consumption, and environmental quality: Fresh evidence from GCC economies
- Author
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Lijun Wang, Muniba, Xiaohui Zhang, Abdul Majeed, and Dervis Kirikkaleli
- Subjects
Sustainable development ,Economics and Econometrics ,Sociology and Political Science ,Energy consumption ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Economic globalization ,Resource depletion ,Natural resource ,Globalization ,Economy ,Urbanization ,Economics ,Law ,Environmental quality - Abstract
The accelerated speed of economic growth has come with challenges, including depletion of natural resources, issues related to globalization, and degradation of the environment. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies are rich in mineral resources, and economic globalization has put them in the spotlight for the developed world. This paper investigates the impact of natural resource abundance, economic globalization, and disaggregated energy consumption on GCC countries' environmental quality by considering urbanization and economic growth from 1990 to 2018, thus filling a gap in the literature. The study applies an advanced econometric approach, a cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lags (CS-ARDL) estimator, for short-run and long-run estimation that allows heterogeneity in the slope parameters and dependencies across countries. The findings show that natural resource abundance significantly improves environmental quality, that economic globalization and renewable energy consumption mitigate emission levels in the GCC economies, and that urbanization, economic growth, and non-renewable energy consumption significantly deteriorate environmental quality. The paper provides novel empirical evidence and policy recommendations for sustainable development.
- Published
- 2021
37. Pastureland use of China: Accounting variations from different input-output analyses
- Author
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Ahmed Alsaedi, Ciren Yangzong, Xudong Wu, Kuang Chen, Tasawar Hayat, Dan Lo, Chaohui Li, Guoqian Chen, and Mengyao Han
- Subjects
Land use ,business.industry ,Supply chain ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Forestry ,Accounting ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,Globalization ,World economy ,Work (electrical) ,Economics ,Land use, land-use change and forestry ,China ,Robustness (economics) ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
This paper conducts a systematic accounting on the use of China’s pastureland in the world economy by using systems embodiment analysis. This study is in direct association with a pioneering paper “Embodied pasture land use change in China 2000–2015: from the perspective of globalization” (Guo et al., 2019). Both the previous and the present work explore China’s case of pastureland use from an embodiment perspective by using systems input-output analysis. However, different results and policy implications were produced. The previous study concluded that China has paid a high price for sacrificing its pastureland resources to foreign regions since it is a net exporter of pastureland resources, and protection policies are urgently needed to reduce such export flow. The results from the present study, on the other hand, show that China is a major importer of pastureland use throughout 2000–2015, and that only 9.51% of China’s exploited pastureland resources are embodied in international trade, leaving around 90.79% of China’s pastureland resources at home to satisfy domestic demand. This paper shows the setting of system boundary and the input-output table used in calculations can determine not only the magnitude of hidden resource use in supply chains but also the direction of resource use flow hidden in international trade. We conclude by raising policy implications based on the present study, and call for uniformity of methods to improve robustness of assessments on trade-related land use studies.
- Published
- 2021
38. English medium instruction in South Asian's multilingual schools: unpacking the dynamics of ideological orientations, policy/practices, and democratic questions.
- Author
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Sah, Pramod K.
- Subjects
MULTILINGUAL education ,GLOBALIZATION ,LANGUAGE policy ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This article provides a critical review of English medium instruction (EMI) policy/practices in the K-12 multilingual schools in South Asia, especially in Nepal, India, and Pakistan. Employing Bourdieu's (1993) lens of 'linguistic capital' and 'linguistic marketplace,' the article takes stock of (a) the development of EMI and its ideological and pedagogic motivations, (b) the models of EMI policy in relation to mother-tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) and their practices, and (c) social justice concerns that arise from such policies/practices. As the review of research and policy/practices reveals, EMI is ideologically perceived as a means of acquiring the linguistic capital, often believed to provide access to the global economy; and, therefore, a liberating tool for socioeconomically minoritized groups. Such ideology has, then, oriented the concerned bodies to position EMI within the framework of MTB-MLE in South Asian countries, creating the discourse of inequality and injustice for different social groups. The article continues the argument that the language policies, which are being developed/practiced in the lure of economic globalization, ignoring the local realities, become a source of marginalization along the lines of class, ethnicity, gender, and regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Studies from University of Jaen Reveal New Findings on Agriculture (Globalization Versus Regionalization in Agri-Food Exports from Spain and Portugal).
- Subjects
GLOBALIZATION ,AGRICULTURE ,SCIENTIFIC literature ,TRADE regulation ,REPORTERS & reporting - Abstract
A recent study from the University of Jaen examines the export specialization of Spain and Portugal in agricultural and agri-food products compared to the EU-27 as a whole. The study analyzes the dynamics of sales of these products between 2008 and 2022, as well as the influence of imports by EU-27 partners on this trajectory. The results show a strengthening of export specialization in both countries, with Spain diversifying towards new destinations. The study suggests that these countries should reorient their exports towards markets with higher demand growth to enhance the global competitiveness of their agri-food sectors. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
40. Studies from Corvinus University in the Area of Economics Described (The role of the state in shaping the internationalization of firms in the twenty-first century).
- Subjects
TWENTY-first century ,GLOBALIZATION ,COVID-19 pandemic ,BUSINESS enterprises - Abstract
A study conducted by researchers at Corvinus University in Budapest, Hungary explores the role of the state in shaping the internationalization of firms in the twenty-first century. The study highlights the significance of state intervention in firm competitiveness, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent crises. The researchers examine how government support for businesses affects firm internationalization, with a focus on emerging markets and the Global South. The study contributes to the discourse on state capitalism and firm internationalization, offering insights into recent geopolitical developments. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
41. Random encounters and information diffusion about product quality
- Author
-
Jean Jaskold Gabszewicz, Skerdilajda Zanaj, and Marco Marini
- Subjects
Economic integration ,Economics and Econometrics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Strategy and Management ,Single market ,information transmission ,Vertical differentiated markets ,General Medicine ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Microeconomics ,Product (business) ,Globalization ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Market price ,Economics ,Quality (business) ,Monopoly ,Duopoly ,media_common - Abstract
This paper explores how social interactions among consumers shape markets. In a two-country model, consumers meet and exchange information about the quality of the goods. As information spreads, the demands evolve, affecting the prices and quantities manufactured by profit-maximizing firms. We show that market prices with informational frictions reach the duopoly price with full information, at the limit. However, this convergence can take two different paths depending on the size asymmetry between countries. In particular, when countries are of very different sizes, the single market does not immediately turn into a duopoly and monopoly prices may persist for several periods. Hence, the price-reducing trade effects may take longer to appear. In view of an intense globalization process, understanding how social meetings affect market outcomes is critical for understanding the performance of international economic integration.
- Published
- 2022
42. Time varying dynamics of globalization effect in India
- Author
-
Shikha Gupta and Nand Kumar
- Subjects
Macroeconomics ,Economics and Econometrics ,050208 finance ,Stochastic volatility ,Time-varying parameter estimations ,05 social sciences ,Protectionism ,Slowbalization ,Globalization ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,050207 economics ,Dimension (data warehouse) ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Economic growth ,Pace - Abstract
The link between globalization and economic growth is getting complex as the propagators of globalization are opting protectionism. The paper attempts to identify the time-varying dimension of globalization in India from Q2 1996 to Q3 2019. The aim is to capture the portion of growth explained by domestic and foreign factors suggesting the pace of globalization. The factor-induced domestic and foreign loadings are used in Time-Varying Parameter Regression and Time-Varying Parameter Autoregressive approach to indicate the evidence for slowbalization in India. The models combined with stochastic volatility, aid in capturing the structural changes in the economy in a robust manner. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
- Published
- 2023
43. The billion pound drop
- Author
-
Hans R.A. Koster, Gerard Dericks, Spatial Economics, and Tinbergen Institute
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Labour economics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Pound (mass) ,Globalization ,Global city ,Rlab ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,Revenue ,050207 economics ,050205 econometrics ,media_common ,computer.programming_language ,Economies of agglomeration ,05 social sciences ,Economic rent ,R14 ,regulation ,R38 ,R33 ,SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities ,Unemployment ,office rents ,Redevelopment ,computer ,agglomeration economies - Abstract
This paper exploits locally exogenous variation in the location of bombs dropped during the Blitz to quantify the effect of density restrictions on agglomeration economies in London: an elite global city. Employing microgeographic data on office rents and employment, this analysis points to effects for London several multiples larger than the existing literature which primarily derives its results from secondary cities. In particular, doubling employment density raises rents by 25%. Consequently if the Blitz had not taken place, the resulting loss in agglomeration economies to present day London would cause total annual office rent revenues to fall by $4:5 billion {equivalent to 1:2% of London's annual GDP. These results illuminate the substantial impact of land-use regulations in one of the world's largest and most productive cities.
- Published
- 2021
44. Globalisation, economic uncertainty and labour market regulations: Implications for the COVID‐19 crisis
- Author
-
Giray Gozgor, Jianchun Fang, and James H. Nolt
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Economic uncertainty ,Original Articles ,globalisation ,economic uncertainty ,Globalization ,labour market regulations ,Market economy ,Accounting ,Political Science and International Relations ,Economics ,F66 ,Original Article ,E24 ,C33 ,Finance ,E32 - Abstract
This paper empirically analyses the effects of globalisation on labour market regulations. We also interact globalisation measures with economic uncertainty, and they serve as potential determinants of de jure labour market conditions. For this purpose, we consider new innovative globalisation and economic uncertainty indices (the Revisited KOF Globalisation and the World Uncertainty) in a panel dataset of 136 countries from 2000 to 2017. The findings indicate that globalisation promotes labour market flexibility, while economic uncertainty decreases it. We also find that the interaction of globalisation with economic uncertainty positively affects labour market flexibility. The findings are robust to various sensitivity analyses, that is, different estimation procedures and globalisation indicators, including various controls and excluding outliers.
- Published
- 2021
45. The role of natural resources, renewable energy, and globalization in testing EKC Theory in BRICS countries: Method of Moments Quantile
- Author
-
Syed Abdul Rehman Khan, Gheorghita Dinca, Bashir Ahmad, Danish Iqbal Godil, Salman Sarwat, and Liaqat Ali
- Subjects
business.industry ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Natural resource ,Quantile regression ,Renewable energy ,Globalization ,Granger causality ,Econometrics ,Alternative energy ,Economics ,Environmental Chemistry ,business ,Environmental degradation ,Quantile - Abstract
This paper aims to validate the EKC hypothesis for BRICS countries, in the presence of natural resources, renewable energy, and globalization factors. FMOLS, DOLS, Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), and heterogeneous panel causality tests have been applied on the BRICS panel from 1990 to 2014. According to FMOLS and DOLS techniques, the EKC hypothesis does exist in BRICS countries in the presence of alternative energy resources and globalization, whereas quantile level analysis does not support globalization as a significant factor for environmental degradation. Quantile regression validates the EKC hypothesis with a direct association of natural resources and inverse association of renewable energy with environmental degradation. Heterogeneous panel causality also confirms the bidirectional Granger causality between all the variables and CO2, except globalization, which means that panel causality is endorsing the results of MMQR. Thus, it is recommended to encourage the usage of renewable energy resources in BRICS countries.
- Published
- 2021
46. Impacto de la globalización y la apertura comercial en el gasto público social subnacional
- Author
-
María Noelia Garbero
- Subjects
Government spending ,Index (economics) ,Welfare economics ,lcsh:Economic theory. Demography ,apertura ,gobiernos subnacionales ,Social expenditure ,gasto social ,Economic liberalization ,lcsh:Economic history and conditions ,Economía ,estructura del gasto ,lcsh:HB1-3840 ,Globalization ,Economics ,Openness to experience ,lcsh:HC10-1085 ,Globalización ,Panel data ,Generalized method of moments - Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los efectos de la apertura económica y la globalización sobre la estructura del gasto público provincial en la Argentina. En particular, resultan de interés los efectos sobre el gasto social y sus componentes como expresión del Estado de bienestar. La mayor parte de la literatura se ha ocupado de identificar esta relación a nivel de países y un aspecto novedoso de este trabajo es la extensión del análisis al sector subnacional. Otra contribución es la estimación de un índice de globalización provincial adaptada del índice KOF propuesto por Dreher (2006). Se estima un modelo dinámico mediante el método generalizado de momentos en diferencias, utilizando un panel de datos para las 24 jurisdicciones de la Argentina para el período 1993-2010. Los resultados indican que la apertura y la globalización de la economía impactan negativamente en la participación del gasto social, resultado esperable desde el punto de vista del efecto “eficiencia” versus el efecto “compensación”, aunque hay indicios de políticas compensatorias del gasto en educación., The aim of this paper is to study the effects of economic liberalization and globalization on the structure of provincial government spending in Argentina. In particular, the effects on social expenditure and its components as an expression of the welfare state. Most of the literature has focused on identifying this relationship at the country level and a novel aspect of this work is to extend the analysis to the province. Another contribution is to estimate an index of provincial globalization adapted from Index KOF (Dreher, 2006). A dynamic model is estimated using the generalized method of moments and a panel data for 24 jurisdictions of Argentina for the period 1993-2010. The results indicate that openness and globalization of the economy, negatively impact the share of social spending, the result expected from the point of view of the “efficiency” effects versus the “compensation” effects; although there are indications of compensatory policies related to education spending., Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales
- Published
- 2021
47. Coronomics, Financial support for the Economy and its Zombie-ing (In the Context of the Fifth Factor of Production)
- Author
-
M. Chkuaseli and V. Papava
- Subjects
Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,Zombie ,economic ability of the government ,Factors of production ,Legislation ,Context (language use) ,Deglobalization ,economic crisis ,Development ,zombie economy ,Politics ,financial support for the economy ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Economics ,political interests ,Business and International Management ,Finance ,Government ,factors of production ,business.industry ,covid-19 pandemic ,bankruptcy ,Economy ,Bankruptcy ,HG1-9999 ,deglobalization ,business ,globalization - Abstract
The paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and the corresponding atypical economic crisis, the role of the economic ability of the government during this crisis, aspects of financial support for the economy and the peculiarities of the zombie economy. The aim of the study is to research the actions of the economic ability of the government as an independent factor of production in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to the unfolding of the process of zombie-ing the economy. The research uses the methods of deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, analogy and abstraction. The special functions of the government are considered within the context of the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; particularly, we refer to the recognition of the fifth factor of production of the economic ability of the government. The main features of this atypical crisis are characterized. It is shown that the process of deglobalization during the COVID-19 pandemic characterizes the deglobalization of the economic ability of the government and that this process is temporary, since overcoming the global phenomenon of the pandemic and the economic crisis caused by it requires exclusively global efforts and measures. Particular attention is focused on the financial support of the economy from the economic ability of the government within the context of this economic crisis. The conclusion is that this support contributes to the process of zombie-ing the economy which took on a global character during the global financial and economic crisis of 2007–2009 and continued after its completion. Zombie-ing the economy is the result of a conflict between the political interests of the government and its economic ability when the latter is not able to overcome the barrier created by the former. A solution to this problem is possible through changes in bankruptcy legislation when its main principle of avoiding the unwanted bankruptcy of firms will be replaced by the principle of liquidation of unviable firms. Such a change in bankruptcy legislation can be implemented only during the economic upswing.
- Published
- 2021
48. Modelling Two Dimensions of Poverty in Selected Developing Countries: The Impact of Fossil Fuel Subsidies
- Author
-
Sakiru Adebola Solarin
- Subjects
Estimation ,Sociology and Political Science ,Poverty ,General Social Sciences ,Developing country ,Subsidy ,Human capital ,Globalization ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Real gross domestic product ,Development economics ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Per capita ,Economics - Abstract
Poverty has remained one of the key challenges facing humanity, especially in developing countries. In a bid to deepen our understanding of poverty, numerous attempts have been made in the literature to examine the determinants of poverty with several variables introduced in the estimation process. However, the role of fossil fuel subsidies has not been adequately examined in the literature. Recently, fossil fuel subsidies have risen in developing countries and one of the justifications of such an increase is that it leads to poverty reduction. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting both income and health poverty with a special focus on the role of fossil fuel subsidies in 30 developing countries. Using a generalized method of moments technique, it is shown that an increase in fossil fuel subsidies generates more income poverty and health poverty. Qualitatively, the same results are obtained using the common correlated effects mean group approach, the augmented mean group method and a recently introduced causality test. The results further indicate that increases in real GDP per capita, financial development, human capital development, real remittances per capita, globalisation and institutional quality reduce both income poverty and health poverty. The implications of these empirical results are analysed in the paper.
- Published
- 2021
49. The time-varying relationship between economic globalization and the ideological center of gravity of party systems
- Author
-
Ingo Rohlfing and Tobias Schafföner
- Subjects
Volkswirtschaftstheorie ,Internationality ,Economics ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Social Sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Elections ,Geographical Locations ,050602 political science & public administration ,politische Ideologie ,Economic impact analysis ,Political science ,Multidisciplinary ,wirtschaftliche Faktoren ,05 social sciences ,Politics ,Partei ,Commerce ,Wirtschaft ,party systems ,0506 political science ,Europe ,Center of gravity ,Parteiensystem ,Medicine ,Economic Development ,party ,Research Article ,National Economy ,Politikwissenschaft ,Science ,Political Science ,finance ,party system ,Economic globalization ,Welfare Economics ,Globalization ,quantitative ,Globalisierung ,ddc:330 ,political ideology ,Humans ,imports ,Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture ,exports ,politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,economic factors ,Economic Analysis ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Economic Impact Analysis ,Political economy ,Labor Economics ,ddc:320 ,Premise ,People and Places ,Position (finance) ,macro ,Weighted arithmetic mean ,trade ,globalization - Abstract
Does economic globalization influence the positioning of parties and, as a consequence, the ideological characteristics of party systems? Answering this question is important because we need to understand the constraints that parties face in formulating policies from which voters have to choose. In our paper, we take a systemic perspective and conceptualize a party system’s ideological center of gravity as the outcome of interest. We define the center of gravity as the weighted mean position of all parliamentary parties in a country that represents the position to which parties gravitate. We start by formulating static hypotheses on the effect of imports and exports on the center of gravity and derive their underlying mechanisms. We further derive dynamic hypotheses stipulating varying effects over time based on the premise that partisan attitudes toward globalization have undergone multiple changes over the last decades. A time-series cross-section analysis of 129 elections in 15 Western European countries from 1974 to 2015 finds evidence for opposite effects of exports and imports in the pooled data. Additionally, a moving-window analysis indicates that the relationship between globalization and the center of gravity varies over time. This is a significant finding because it suggests that economic globalization has an influence on party systems and that it is important to test for time-varying effects.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Research Data from University of California San Diego (UCSD) Update Understanding of Globalization and Health ("When there is no money, that is when I vomit blood": the domino effect and the unfettered lethal exploitation of Black labor on...).
- Subjects
GLOBALIZATION ,SUGAR plantations ,POLITICAL elites ,ECONOMIC elites ,REPORTERS & reporting - Abstract
Keywords: Capitalism; Economics; Globalization and Health; Health and Medicine; Legal Issues EN Capitalism Economics Globalization and Health Health and Medicine Legal Issues 4827 4827 1 09/19/23 20230922 NES 230922 2023 SEP 22 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Investigators publish new report on globalization and health. Keywords for this news article include: University of California San Diego (UCSD), Economics, Capitalism, Legal Issues, Health and Medicine, Globalization and Health. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
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