3,291 results
Search Results
2. Improving the Bioactivity of Norfloxacin with Tablets Made from Paper
- Author
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Ayat Abdelkader, Laura Nallbati, and Cornelia M. Keck
- Subjects
paper ,BCS class ,dissolution ,bioavailability ,porous material ,drug delivery ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
(1) Background: Many drugs possess poor bioavailability, and many strategies are available to overcome this issue. In this study, smartFilm technology, i.e., a porous cellulose matrix (paper), in which the active compound can be loaded onto in an amorphous state was utilised for oral administration to improve the solubility and bioactivity of a poorly soluble BSC class IV antibiotic. (2) Methods: Norfloxacin was used as the model drug and loaded into commercially available paper. The resulting norfloxacin-loaded smartFilms were transformed into smartFilm granules via wet granulation and the resulting norfloxacin-loaded smartFilm granules were transformed into norfloxacin-loaded tablets made from paper, i.e., smartFilm tablets. The crystalline state of norfloxacin was investigated, as well as the pharmaceutical properties of the granules and the tablets. The bioactivity of the smartFilm tablets was assessed in vitro and ex vivo to determine the antibacterial activity of norfloxacin. The results were compared to a physical mixture tablet that contained non-loaded paper granules and equal amounts of norfloxacin as a crystalline powder. (3) Results: Norfloxacin-loaded smartFilm granules and norfloxacin-loaded smartFilm tablets contained norfloxacin in an amorphous state, which resulted in an improved and faster release of norfloxacin when compared to the physical mixture tablet. The bioactivity was up to three times higher when compared to the physical mixture tablet. The ex vivo model was demonstrated to be a useful tool that allows for a fast and cost-effective discrimination between “good” and “bad” formulations. It provides realistic physiological conditions and can therefore yield meaningful, additional biopharmaceutical information that cannot be assessed in classical in vitro experiments. (4) Conclusions: smartFilm tablets are a promising, universal, industrially feasible and cost-effective formulation strategy for improved solubility and enhanced bioactivity of poorly soluble drugs.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. "Drug Supply Apparatus" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20240228087).
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PATENT applications ,INVENTORS ,DRUG packaging - Abstract
A patent application for a drug supply apparatus has been made available online. The inventors have identified a problem with current packaging paper connecting apparatuses, which require manual replacement and result in a pause in drug supply. The inventors propose a drug supply apparatus that includes a drug supply unit, downstream and upstream conveying units for strip-shaped, folded packaging paper, and a connecting part to join the two papers. This apparatus aims to shorten the time required to replace packaging paper and minimize interruptions in drug supply. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
4. Patent Application Titled "Drug Supply Apparatus" Published Online (USPTO 20240228086).
- Subjects
PATENT applications ,INTERNET publishing ,DRUG packaging - Abstract
A patent application titled "Drug Supply Apparatus" has been published online by the US Patent and Trademark Office. The inventors, OUMI, Syou; SHIBATA, Shiyouji; UETA, Toshiaki, filed the application on March 25, 2024. The application describes a drug supply apparatus that aims to smoothly convey packaging paper during the replacement of packaging paper in a drug supply unit. The apparatus includes downstream and upstream conveying units that handle strip-shaped and folded drug packaging paper. The invention seeks to increase the efficiency of packaging paper replacement in drug supply systems. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
5. REVIEW PAPER BIOSENSORS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND AUTOMATED DRUG DELIVERY IN PANCREATIC CANCER.
- Author
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S., ANAND
- Subjects
CANCER diagnosis ,DRUG delivery systems ,PANCREATIC cancer ,MACHINE learning ,CANCER prognosis - Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies to diagnose and treat effectively, resulting in poor patient outcomes due to late-stage detection and limited therapeutic options. The emergence of biosensors has revolutionized cancer diagnosis and therapy, providing new avenues for early detection and personalized treatment. This paper explores the development and integration of biosensors within a unique expert system for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and drug delivery automation. It discusses the principles, types, and applications of biosensors in pancreatic cancer diagnosis, their role in automating drug delivery, and the design of an expert system that leverages these technologies to enhance patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Improving the Bioactivity of Norfloxacin with Tablets Made from Paper.
- Author
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Abdelkader, Ayat, Nallbati, Laura, and Keck, Cornelia M.
- Subjects
- *
NORFLOXACIN , *TABLETING , *ORAL drug administration , *ANTIBACTERIAL agents , *GRANULATION , *ANTIBIOTICS - Abstract
(1) Background: Many drugs possess poor bioavailability, and many strategies are available to overcome this issue. In this study, smartFilm technology, i.e., a porous cellulose matrix (paper), in which the active compound can be loaded onto in an amorphous state was utilised for oral administration to improve the solubility and bioactivity of a poorly soluble BSC class IV antibiotic. (2) Methods: Norfloxacin was used as the model drug and loaded into commercially available paper. The resulting norfloxacin-loaded smartFilms were transformed into smartFilm granules via wet granulation and the resulting norfloxacin-loaded smartFilm granules were transformed into norfloxacin-loaded tablets made from paper, i.e., smartFilm tablets. The crystalline state of norfloxacin was investigated, as well as the pharmaceutical properties of the granules and the tablets. The bioactivity of the smartFilm tablets was assessed in vitro and ex vivo to determine the antibacterial activity of norfloxacin. The results were compared to a physical mixture tablet that contained non-loaded paper granules and equal amounts of norfloxacin as a crystalline powder. (3) Results: Norfloxacin-loaded smartFilm granules and norfloxacin-loaded smartFilm tablets contained norfloxacin in an amorphous state, which resulted in an improved and faster release of norfloxacin when compared to the physical mixture tablet. The bioactivity was up to three times higher when compared to the physical mixture tablet. The ex vivo model was demonstrated to be a useful tool that allows for a fast and cost-effective discrimination between "good" and "bad" formulations. It provides realistic physiological conditions and can therefore yield meaningful, additional biopharmaceutical information that cannot be assessed in classical in vitro experiments. (4) Conclusions: smartFilm tablets are a promising, universal, industrially feasible and cost-effective formulation strategy for improved solubility and enhanced bioactivity of poorly soluble drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A Biodegradable Hybrid Micro/Nano Conductive Zinc Paste for Paper‐Based Flexible Bioelectronics.
- Author
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Zareei, Amin, Selvamani, Vidhya, Gopalakrishnan, Sarath, Kadian, Sachin, Maruthamuthu, Murali Kannan, He, Zihao, Nguyen, Juliane, Wang, Haiyan, and Rahimi, Rahim
- Subjects
- *
BIOELECTRONICS , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *SCREEN process printing , *ZINC , *ELECTRIC conductivity , *BIODEGRADABLE plastics , *BIODEGRADABLE nanoparticles - Abstract
Paper‐based electronics are emerging as a new class of technology with broad areas of application. Despite several efforts to fabricate new types of flexible electronic devices by screen printing of conductive paste, many of them are often nonbiodegradable, toxic, and expensive, limiting their practical use in bioresorbable paper‐based electronics. To address this need, a highly conductive and biodegradable bimodal conductive paste is developed using cost‐effective zinc‐based micro and nanoparticles with a facile low‐temperature sintering process compatible with paper substrates. The two‐step sintering process involves the removal of the insulating zinc oxide layer by spray coating acetic acid followed by a heat press sintering process to ensure the formation of highly packed and continuous metallic traces. The required conditions for the heat press sintering process are systematically studied using electrical, optical, and mechanical characterization techniques. The results of these investigations revealed an ultra‐packed microstructure with high electrical conductivity (0.5 × 105 S m−1) and low oxide content that is obtained with a heat press sintering setting of 220 °C for 60 s. Finally, as a proof of concept, the conductive paste with an optimized sintering process is used to fabricate a wearable wireless heater for remote‐controlled release of therapeutics. The controlled delivery of the system is validated in the practical and on‐demand delivery of antibiotics for eradicating commonly found bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus in dermal wound infections. The biocompatibility of all the materials and manufacturing process is validated by NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells via MTT assay and live/dead staining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Path towards efficient paediatric formulation development based on partnering with clinical pharmacologists and clinicians, a conect4children expert group white paper.
- Author
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Walsh, Jennifer, Schaufelberger, Daniel, Iurian, Sonia, Klein, Sandra, Batchelor, Hannah, Turner, Roy, Gizurarson, Sveinbjörn, Boltri, Luigi, Alessandrini, Elisa, and Tuleu, Catherine
- Subjects
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PHARMACOLOGISTS , *CHILD patients , *PEDIATRICS , *MEDICAL personnel , *AGE groups , *DECISION making in children , *DECISION making - Abstract
Improved global access to novel age‐appropriate formulations for paediatric subsets, either of new chemical entities or existing drugs, is a priority to ensure that medicines meet the needs of these patients. However, despite regulatory incentives, the introduction to the market of paediatric formulations still lags behind adult products. This is mainly caused by additional complexities associated with the development of acceptable age‐appropriate paediatric medicines. This position paper recommends the use of a paediatric Quality Target Product Profile as an efficient tool to facilitate early planning and decision making across all teams involved in paediatric formulation development during the children‐centric formulation design for new chemical entities, or to repurpose/reformulate off‐patent drugs. Essential key attributes of a paediatric formulation are suggested and described. Moreover, greater collaboration between formulation experts and clinical colleagues, including healthcare professionals, is advocated to lead to safe and effective, age‐appropriate medicinal products. Acceptability testing should be a secondary endpoint in paediatric clinical trials to ensure postmarketing adherence is not compromised by a lack of acceptability. Not knowing the indications and the related age groups and potential dosing regimens early enough is still a major hurdle for efficient paediatric formulation development; however, the proposed paediatric Quality Target Product Profile could be a valuable collaborative tool for planning and decision making to expedite paediatric product development, particularly for those with limited experience in developing a paediatric product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Commentary on the EMA reflection paper on the pharmaceutical development of medicines for use in the older population.
- Author
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van Riet‐Nales, Diana A., van den Bemt, Bart, van Bodegom, David, Cerreta, Francesca, Dooley, Brian, Eggenschwyler, Doris, Hirschlérova, Blanka, Jansen, Paul A. F., Karapinar‐Çarkit, Fatma, Moran, Abigail, Span, Jan, Stegemann, Sven, and Sundberg, Katarina
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OLDER patients , *OLDER people , *MEDICAL personnel , *POPULATION aging , *DRUG laws , *DRUGS - Abstract
Older people are often affected by impaired organ and bodily functions resulting in multimorbidity and polypharmacy, turning them into the main user group of many medicines. Very often, medicines have not specifically been developed for older people, causing practical medication problems for them like limited availability of easy to swallow formulations, easy to open packaging and dosing instructions for enteral administration. In 2020, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) published a reflection paper 'Pharmaceutical development of medicines for use in the older population', which discusses how the emerging needs of an ageing European population can be addressed by medicines regulation. The paper intends to help industry to better consider the needs of older people during pharmaceutical/clinical medicines development by summarising data on the most relevant topics, providing early suggestions on how to move forward and prompting expert discussions and studies into knowledge gaps. Topics include patient acceptability, (dis)advantages of an administration route, formulation, dosage form, packaging, dosing device and user instruction. While the paper is directed at older people and the pharmaceutical industry, the reflections are also relevant to younger patients with similar disease‐related needs and of value to other stakeholders parties, e.g., healthcare professionals, academics, patients and caregivers, as the paper makes clear what can be expected from industry and where collaborative work is needed. This commentary provides an overview of the different steps in the development of the reflection paper, discusses points considered most controversial and/or subject to (multidisciplinary) expert discussions and indicates their value for real world clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide-Incorporated Cellulose Composite Particles: An Investigation on Antioxidant Properties and Drug Delivery Applications.
- Author
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Naznin, Arifa, Dhar, Palash Kumar, Dutta, Sagar Kumar, Chakrabarty, Sumon, Karmakar, Utpal Kumar, Kundu, Pritam, Hossain, Muhammad Sarwar, Barai, Hasi Rani, and Haque, Md. Rezaul
- Subjects
MAGNETIC nanoparticle hyperthermia ,IRON oxide nanoparticles ,IRON oxides ,WASTE paper ,FIELD emission electron microscopy ,CELLULOSE ,WASTE products ,DRUG delivery systems - Abstract
In recent years, polymer-supported magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIO-NPs) have gained a lot of attention in biomedical and healthcare applications due to their unique magnetic properties, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this study, waste tissue papers (WTP) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) were utilized to prepare magnetic iron oxide (MIO)-incorporated WTP/MIO and SCB/MIO nanocomposite particles (NCPs) based on in situ co-precipitation methods, and they were characterized using advanced spectroscopic techniques. In addition, their anti-oxidant and drug-delivery properties were investigated. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that the shapes of the MIO-NPs, SCB/MIO-NCPs, and WTP/MIO-NCPs were agglomerated and irregularly spherical with a crystallite size of 12.38 nm, 10.85 nm, and 11.47 nm, respectively. Vibrational sample magnetometry (VSM) analysis showed that both the NPs and the NCPs were paramagnetic. The free radical scavenging assay ascertained that the WTP/MIO-NCPs, SCB/MIO-NCPs, and MIO-NPs exhibited almost negligible antioxidant activity in comparison to ascorbic acid. The swelling capacities of the SCB/MIO-NCPs and WTP/MIO-NCPs were 155.0% and 159.5%, respectively, which were much higher than the swelling efficiencies of cellulose-SCB (58.3%) and cellulose-WTP (61.6%). The order of metronidazole drug loading after 3 days was: cellulose-SCB < cellulose-WTP < MIO-NPs < SCB/MIO-NCPs < WTP/MIO-NCPs, whereas the sequence of the drug-releasing rate after 240 min was: WTP/MIO-NCPs < SCB/MIO-NCPs < MIO-NPs < cellulose-WTP < cellulose-SCB. Overall, the results of this study showed that the incorporation of MIO-NPs in the cellulose matrix increased the swelling capacity, drug-loading capacity, and drug-releasing time. Therefore, cellulose/MIO-NCPs obtained from waste materials such as SCB and WTP can be used as a potential vehicle for medical applications, especially in a metronidazole drug delivery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The impact of strut profile geometry and malapposition on the haemodynamics and drug-transport behaviour of arteries treated with drug-eluting stents
- Author
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Vijayaratnam, Pujith Rajaguru Senapathy, Reizes, John Arthur, and Barber, Tracie Jacqueline
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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12. University of Baghdad Researchers Have Published New Study Findings on Central Nervous System Agents [Combination of FDM 3D Printing and Compressed Tablet for Preparation of Baclofen as Gastro-Floating Drug Delivery System (Conference Paper)#].
- Subjects
DRUG delivery systems ,CENTRAL nervous system ,BACLOFEN ,THREE-dimensional printing ,CONFERENCE papers - Abstract
Keywords for this news article include: University of Baghdad, Pharmaceuticals, Baclofen Therapy, Carboxylic Acids, Drugs and Therapies, Health and Medicine, Drug Delivery Systems, Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Central Nervous System Agents. Baclofen, Baclofen Therapy, Carboxylic Acids, Central Nervous System Agents, Drug Delivery, Drug Delivery Systems, Drugs and Therapies, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Health and Medicine, Pharmaceuticals, Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Keywords: Baclofen; Baclofen Therapy; Carboxylic Acids; Central Nervous System Agents; Drug Delivery; Drug Delivery Systems; Drugs and Therapies; Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Health and Medicine; Pharmaceuticals; Skeletal Muscle Relaxants; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid EN Baclofen Baclofen Therapy Carboxylic Acids Central Nervous System Agents Drug Delivery Drug Delivery Systems Drugs and Therapies Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Health and Medicine Pharmaceuticals Skeletal Muscle Relaxants gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 3088 3088 1 03/23/23 20230317 NES 230317 2023 MAR 17 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Drug Week -- Research findings on central nervous system agents are discussed in a new report. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
13. Trends in versatile 2D (sheet/paper-like) nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
- Author
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Kankala, Ranjith Kumar and Xu, Zhi Ping
- Subjects
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NANOSTRUCTURED materials , *TISSUE engineering - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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14. ELEVATING HEALTHCARE: THE SYNERGY OF AI AND BIOSENSORS IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT.
- Author
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ESWARAN, USHAA, ESWARAN, VIVEK, MURALI, KEERTHNA, and ESWARAN, VISHAL
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,BIOSENSORS ,DISEASE management ,MEDICAL care ,MACHINE learning ,DRUG delivery systems ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,COMPUTER vision - Abstract
Biosensors integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) hold immense potential for transforming healthcare through rapid, automated diagnostics and precision therapeutics. This paper reviews the convergence of biosensing and AI towards developing smart biomedical systems. The fundamentals, historical evolution, and classification of biosensors are presented, highlighting key applications across infections, chronic illnesses, and environmental monitoring. Core AI concepts, including machine learning, neural networks, computer vision, and natural language processing, are discussed, along with their implementation to augment biosensor functionality, connectivity, point-of-care adoption, and laboratory automation. Promising research directions and real-world case studies applying AI-integrated biosensors for early diagnosis and drug delivery are discussed. The opportunities and challenges in advancing this synergistic technology are contemplated, underscoring the need for cross-disciplinary collaboration, clinical validation, ethical vigilance and supportive policy environments to successfully translate AI-biosensors into practical healthcare solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide-Incorporated Cellulose Composite Particles: An Investigation on Antioxidant Properties and Drug Delivery Applications
- Author
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Arifa Naznin, Palash Kumar Dhar, Sagar Kumar Dutta, Sumon Chakrabarty, Utpal Kumar Karmakar, Pritam Kundu, Muhammad Sarwar Hossain, Hasi Rani Barai, and Md. Rezaul Haque
- Subjects
sugarcane bagasse ,waste tissue paper ,nanocomposites ,antioxidant properties ,drug delivery ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
In recent years, polymer-supported magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIO-NPs) have gained a lot of attention in biomedical and healthcare applications due to their unique magnetic properties, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this study, waste tissue papers (WTP) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) were utilized to prepare magnetic iron oxide (MIO)-incorporated WTP/MIO and SCB/MIO nanocomposite particles (NCPs) based on in situ co-precipitation methods, and they were characterized using advanced spectroscopic techniques. In addition, their anti-oxidant and drug-delivery properties were investigated. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that the shapes of the MIO-NPs, SCB/MIO-NCPs, and WTP/MIO-NCPs were agglomerated and irregularly spherical with a crystallite size of 12.38 nm, 10.85 nm, and 11.47 nm, respectively. Vibrational sample magnetometry (VSM) analysis showed that both the NPs and the NCPs were paramagnetic. The free radical scavenging assay ascertained that the WTP/MIO-NCPs, SCB/MIO-NCPs, and MIO-NPs exhibited almost negligible antioxidant activity in comparison to ascorbic acid. The swelling capacities of the SCB/MIO-NCPs and WTP/MIO-NCPs were 155.0% and 159.5%, respectively, which were much higher than the swelling efficiencies of cellulose-SCB (58.3%) and cellulose-WTP (61.6%). The order of metronidazole drug loading after 3 days was: cellulose-SCB < cellulose-WTP < MIO-NPs < SCB/MIO-NCPs < WTP/MIO-NCPs, whereas the sequence of the drug-releasing rate after 240 min was: WTP/MIO-NCPs < SCB/MIO-NCPs < MIO-NPs < cellulose-WTP < cellulose-SCB. Overall, the results of this study showed that the incorporation of MIO-NPs in the cellulose matrix increased the swelling capacity, drug-loading capacity, and drug-releasing time. Therefore, cellulose/MIO-NCPs obtained from waste materials such as SCB and WTP can be used as a potential vehicle for medical applications, especially in a metronidazole drug delivery system.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Advancements in Aerogel Technology for Antimicrobial Therapy: A Review.
- Author
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Croitoru, George-Alexandru, Pîrvulescu, Diana-Cristina, Niculescu, Adelina-Gabriela, Rădulescu, Marius, Grumezescu, Alexandru Mihai, and Nicolae, Carmen-Larisa
- Subjects
AEROGELS ,DRUG resistance in microorganisms ,ANTI-infective agents ,CAPACITY (Law) ,SURFACE area - Abstract
This paper explores the latest advancements in aerogel technology for antimicrobial therapy, revealing their interesting capacity that could improve the current medical approaches for antimicrobial treatments. Aerogels are attractive matrices because they can have an antimicrobial effect on their own, but they can also provide efficient delivery of antimicrobial compounds. Their interesting properties, such as high porosity, ultra-lightweight, and large surface area, make them suitable for such applications. The fundamentals of aerogels and mechanisms of action are discussed. The paper also highlights aerogels' importance in addressing current pressing challenges related to infection management, like the limited drug delivery alternatives and growing resistance to antimicrobial agents. It also covers the potential applications of aerogels in antimicrobial therapy and their possible limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Antibiotic-Loaded Nano-Sized Delivery Systems: An Insight into Gentamicin and Vancomycin.
- Author
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Pisani, Silvia, Tufail, Shafia, Rosalia, Mariella, Dorati, Rossella, Genta, Ida, Chiesa, Enrica, and Conti, Bice
- Subjects
GRAM-negative bacterial diseases ,GRAM-positive bacterial infections ,DRUG delivery systems ,DRUG resistance ,DRUG resistance in bacteria - Abstract
The fight against infectious disease has remained an ever-evolving challenge in the landscape of healthcare. The ability of pathogens to develop resistance against conventional drug treatments has decreased the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, and antibiotic resistance is recognized as one of the main challenges of our time. The goal of this systematic review paper is to provide insight into the research papers published on innovative nanosized drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on gentamycin and vancomycin and to discuss the opportunity of their repurposing through nano DDS formulations. These two antibiotics are selected because (i) gentamicin is the first-line drug used to treat suspected or confirmed infections caused by Gram-negative bacterial infections and (ii) vancomycin is used to treat serious Gram-positive bacterial infections. Moreover, both antibiotics have severe adverse effects, and one of the purposes of their formulation as nanosized DDSs is to overcome them. The review paper includes an introduction focusing on the challenges of infectious diseases and traditional therapeutic treatments, a brief description of the chemical and pharmacological properties of gentamicin and vancomycin, case studies from the literature on innovative nanosized DDSs as carriers of the two antibiotic drugs, and a discussion of the results found in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. A Comprehensive Review of Radiation-Induced Hydrogels: Synthesis, Properties, and Multidimensional Applications.
- Author
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Ahmed, Md. Shahriar, Islam, Mobinul, Hasan, Md. Kamrul, and Nam, Kyung-Wan
- Subjects
HYDROGELS ,GAMMA rays ,RESEARCH & development ,NANOTECHNOLOGY ,BIOCOMPATIBILITY - Abstract
At the forefront of advanced material technology, radiation-induced hydrogels present a promising avenue for innovation across various sectors, utilizing gamma radiation, electron beam radiation, and UV radiation. Through the unique synthesis process involving radiation exposure, these hydrogels exhibit exceptional properties that make them highly versatile and valuable for a multitude of applications. This paper focuses on the intricacies of the synthesis methods employed in creating these radiation-induced hydrogels, shedding light on their structural characteristics and functional benefits. In particular, the paper analyzes the diverse utility of these hydrogels in biomedicine and agriculture, showcasing their potential for applications such as targeted drug delivery, injury recovery, and even environmental engineering solutions. By analyzing current research trends and highlighting potential future directions, this review aims to underscore the transformative impact that radiation-induced hydrogels could have on various industries and the advancement of biomedical and agricultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. A Comprehensive Review of Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Classification, Properties, Recent Trends, and Applications.
- Author
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Hameed, Huma, Faheem, Saleha, Paiva-Santos, Ana Cláudia, Sarwar, Hafiz Shoaib, and Jamshaid, Muhammad
- Abstract
As adaptable biomaterials, hydrogels have shown great promise in several industries, which include the delivery of drugs, engineering of tissues, biosensing, and regenerative medicine. These hydrophilic polymer three-dimensional networks have special qualities like increased content of water, soft, flexible nature, as well as biocompatibility, which makes it excellent candidates for simulating the extracellular matrix and promoting cell development and tissue regeneration. With an emphasis on their design concepts, synthesis processes, and characterization procedures, this review paper offers a thorough overview of hydrogels. It covers the various hydrogel material types, such as natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and hybrid hydrogels, as well as their unique characteristics and uses. The improvements in hydrogel-based platforms for controlled drug delivery are examined. It also looks at recent advances in bioprinting methods that use hydrogels to create intricate tissue constructions with exquisite spatial control. The performance of hydrogels is explored through several variables, including mechanical properties, degradation behaviour, and biological interactions, with a focus on the significance of customizing hydrogel qualities for particular applications. This review paper also offers insights into future directions in hydrogel research, including those that promise to advance the discipline, such as stimuli-responsive hydrogels, self-healing hydrogels, and bioactive hydrogels. Generally, the objective of this review paper is to provide readers with a detailed grasp of hydrogels and all of their potential uses, making it an invaluable tool for scientists and researchers studying biomaterials and tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Ultrasound‐Triggered Delivery of Iproplatin from Microbubble‐Conjugated Liposomes
- Author
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Eleanor Stride, Joshua Owen, Richard Browning, Nicola J. Farrer, Nia Thomas, Laura K. Marsh, and Louise R. Tear
- Subjects
Organoplatinum Compounds ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Conjugated system ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Drug Delivery Systems ,cancer ,Humans ,QD1-999 ,Iproplatin ,Liposome ,iproplatin ,Microbubbles ,Full Paper ,ultrasound ,Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Full Papers ,Prodrug ,drug delivery ,liposome ,Liposomes ,Drug delivery ,Azide ,Platinum ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
The PtIV prodrug iproplatin has been actively loaded into liposomes using a calcium acetate gradient, achieving a 3‐fold enhancement in drug concentration compared to passive loading strategies. A strain‐promoted cycloaddition reaction (azide‐ dibenzocyclooctyne) was used to attach iproplatin‐loaded liposomes L(Pt) to gas‐filled microbubbles (M), forming an ultrasound‐responsive drug delivery vehicle [M−L(Pt)]. Ultrasound‐triggered release of iproplatin from the microbubble‐liposome construct was evaluated in cellulo. Breast cancer (MCF‐7) cells treated with both free iproplatin and iproplatin‐loaded liposome−microbubbles [M−L(Pt)] demonstrated an increase in platinum concentration when exposed to ultrasound. No appreciable platinum uptake was observed in MCF‐7 cells following treatment with L(Pt) only or L(Pt)+ultrasound, suggesting that microbubble‐mediated ultrasonic release of platinum‐based drugs from liposomal carriers enables greater control over drug delivery., Actively loading platinum(IV) prodrug iproplatin into liposomes has been achieved using a calcium acetate gradient. Microbubble‐mediated release and accumulation of the prodrug in MCF7 cancer cells following ultrasound treatment demonstrates that this strategy can enable greater control over drug delivery.
- Published
- 2021
21. Anti‐inflammatory ethosomal nanoformulation in combination with iontophoresis in chronic wound healing: An ex vivo study
- Author
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Akbar Hasanzadeh, Mohammad Karimi Babaahmadi, Mehdi Mehdizadeh, Reza Mombeiny, Shima Tavakol, Peyman Keyhanvar, Mostafa Kazemi, and Ali Abedi
- Subjects
Chronic wound ,Skin Absorption ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Pharmacology ,Administration, Cutaneous ,Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,ethosome ,medicine ,Animals ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Skin ,Transdermal ,Wound Healing ,Iontophoresis ,nanoparticle ,nano‐carrier ,chronic wound healing ,Penetration (firestop) ,Permeation ,Rats ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Original Research Paper ,chemistry ,Liposomes ,Drug delivery ,transdermal delivery ,medicine.symptom ,Original Research Papers ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Ex vivo ,hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Prescription of anti‐inflammatory drugs may be considered as a promising strategy in chronic wound healing where the inflammatory disturbance has delayed the healing process. It seems that hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate (HB17) would be promising in the form of a nano‐formulation to enhance drug delivery efficacy. In the present study, transdermal delivery of nano‐HB17 in combination with iontophoresis was investigated ex vivo. Ethosomal‐HB17 was synthesised using lecithin, ethanol and cholesterol with a different ratio by hot method. The negative ethosomal‐HB17 particle size was around 244 ± 4.3 nm with high stability of up to 30 days. Additionally, evaluated entrapment efficiency of HB17 in ethosomes by high performance liquid chromatography was 40.6 ± 2.21%. Moreover, the permeation speed and amount of H17B in complete‐thickness rat skin in the presence and absence of iontophoresis showed that the penetration of free H17B and ethosomal‐H17B formulations were zero and 7.98 μg/cm2 in 120 min, respectively. Whereas in the case of applying iontophoresis, permeation amount obtained was zero and 19.69 μg/cm2 in 30 min in free H17B and ethosomal‐H17B formulations, respectively. It has been concluded that transdermal delivery of ethosomal‐H17B is an effective strategy to enhance drug delivery and it will be improved when it is combined with iontophoresis.
- Published
- 2021
22. Advances in microscopy characterization techniques for lipid nanocarriers in drug delivery: a comprehensive review
- Author
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Saadh, Mohamed J., Shallan, Mohammed Ali, Hussein, Uday Abdul-Reda, Mohammed, Amjed Qasim, Al-shuwaili, Saeb Jasim, Shikara, Mukaram, Ami, Ahmed Ali, Khalil, Noor Alhuda Mohammad Ali, Ahmad, Irfan, Abbas, Huda Hayder, and Elawady, Ahmed
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Forefronts and hotspots evolution of the nanomaterial application in anti-tumor immunotherapy: a scientometric analysis.
- Author
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Cao, Wei, Jin, Mengyao, Zhou, Weiguo, Yang, Kang, Cheng, Yixian, Chen, Junjie, Cao, Guodong, Xiong, Maoming, and Chen, Bo
- Subjects
REGULATORY T cells ,IMMUNOLOGIC memory ,NANOSTRUCTURED materials ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,DENDRITIC cells ,T cells - Abstract
Background: Tumor immunotherapy can not only eliminate the primary lesion, but also produce long-term immune memory, effectively inhibiting tumor metastasis and recurrence. However, immunotherapy also showed plenty of limitations in clinical practice. In recent years, the combination of nanomaterials and immunotherapy has brought new light for completely eliminating tumors with its fabulous anti-tumor effects and negligible side effects. Methods: The Core Collection of Web of Science (WOSCC) was used to retrieve and obtain relevant literatures on antitumor nano-immunotherapy since the establishment of the WOSCC. Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, GraphPad Prism, and Excel were adopted to perform statistical analysis and visualization. The annual output, active institutions, core journals, main authors, keywords, major countries, key documents, and impact factor of the included journals were evaluated. Results: A total of 443 related studies were enrolled from 2004 to 2022, and the annual growth rate of articles reached an astonishing 16.85%. The leading countries in terms of number of publications were China and the United States. Journal of Controlled Release, Biomaterials, Acta Biomaterialia, Theranostics, Advanced Materials, and ACS Nano were core journals publishing high-quality literature on the latest advances in the field. Articles focused on dendritic cells and drug delivery accounted for a large percentage in this field. Key words such as regulatory T cells, tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint blockade, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, tumor-associated macrophages were among the hottest themes with high maturity. Dendritic cells, vaccine, and T cells tend to become the popular and emerging research topics in the future. Conclusions: The combined treatment of nanomaterials and antitumor immunotherapy, namely antitumor nano-immunotherapy has been paid increasing attention. Antitumor nano-immunotherapy is undergoing a transition from simple to complex, from phenotype to mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Nanoparticles assisted intra and transdermic delivery of antifungal ointment: an updated review.
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Tarannum, Nazia, Pooja, Km., Jakhar, Shivani, and Mavi, Anshika
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OINTMENTS ,COMBINATION drug therapy ,NANOPARTICLES ,TOPICAL drug administration ,MYCOSES ,ANTIFUNGAL agents - Abstract
This review paper highlights the trans-dermic delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) based antifungal ointments with the help of nanotechnology. It also describes the novel trans-dermal approach utilizing various nanoparticles which enables an efficient delivery to the target site. This current review gives an overview about past research and developments as well as the current nanoparticle-based ointments. This review also presents data regarding types, causes of infection, and different pathogens within their infection site. It also gives information about antifungal ointments with their activity and side effects of antifungal medicines. Additionally, this review also focuses on the future aspects of the topical administration of nanoparticle-based antifungal ointments. These nanoparticles can encapsulate multiple antifungal drugs as a combination therapy targeting different aspects of fungal infection. Nanoparticles can be designed in such a way that they can specifically target fungal cells and do not affect healthy cells. Nanoparticle based antifungal ointments exhibit outstanding potential to treat fungal diseases. As further research and advancements evolve in nanotechnology, we expect more development of nanoparticle-based antifungal formulations shortly. This paper discusses all the past and future applications, recent trends, and developments in the various field and also shows its bright prospective in the upcoming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Carrier-free prodrug nanoparticles based on dasatinib and cisplatin for efficient antitumor in vivo
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Jiaxi Xu, Rupei Tang, Lu Yang, Xin Wang, Faquan Song, and Zheng Xie
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Pharmacology ,Biocompatibility ,Dasatinib ,Succinic anhydride ,Pharmaceutical Science ,RM1-950 ,Prodrug ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Original Research Paper ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nanoparticle ,chemistry ,In vivo ,Drug delivery ,medicine ,Nanomedicine ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,Cisplatin ,medicine.drug ,Conjugate - Abstract
Carrier-free drug self-delivery systems consisting of amphiphilic drug-drug conjugate (ADDC) with well-defined structure and nanoscale features have drawn much attention in tumor drug delivery. Herein, we report a simple and effective strategy to prepare ADDC using derivatives of cisplatin (CP) and dasatinib (DAS), which further self-assembled to form reduction-responsive nanoparticles (CP-DDA NPs). DAS was modified with succinic anhydride and then connected with CP derivative by ester bonds. The size, micromorphology and in vitro drug release of CP-DDA NPs were characterized. The biocompatibility and bioactivity of these carrier-free nanoparticles were then investigated by HepG2 cells and H22-tumor bearing mice. In vitro and in vivo experiments proved that CP-DDA NPs had excellent anti-tumor activity and significantly reduced toxicities. This study provides a new strategy to design the carrier-free nanomedicine composed of CP and DAS for synergistic tumor treatment., Graphical abstract A carrier-free, reduction-sensitive nanoparticle based on cisplatin and dasatinib for synergistic antitumor Image, graphical abstract
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- 2021
26. pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages
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Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya, Sarika Mehra, and Karishma Berta Cotta
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Drug ,Technology ,Biocompatibility ,medicine.drug_class ,Science ,QC1-999 ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Antibiotics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanoparticle ,norfloxacin ,TP1-1185 ,Full Research Paper ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,drug uptake ,medicine ,Nanotechnology ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Norfloxacin ,media_common ,Chemistry ,Chemical technology ,Physics ,iron oxide nanoparticles ,Nanoscience ,intra-macrophage ,Drug delivery ,drug-nanoparticle interactions ,Biophysics ,Drug carrier ,Iron oxide nanoparticles ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Nanoparticle deployment in drug delivery is contingent upon controlled drug loading and a desired release profile, with simultaneous biocompatibility and cellular targeting. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), being biocompatible, are used as drug carriers. However, to prevent aggregation of bare IONPs, they are coated with stabilizing agents. We hypothesize that, zwitterionic drugs like norfloxacin (NOR, a fluoroquinolone) can manifest dual functionality – nanoparticle stabilization and antibiotic activity, eliminating the need of a separate stabilizing agent. Since these drugs have different charges, depending on the surrounding pH, drug loading enhancement could be pH dependent. Hence, upon synthesizing IONPs, they were coated with NOR, either at pH 5 (predominantly as cationic, NOR+) or at pH 10 (predominantly as anionic, NOR−). We observed that, drug loading at pH 5 exceeded that at pH 10 by 4.7–5.7 times. Furthermore, only the former (pH 5 system) exhibited a desirable slower drug release profile, compared to the free drug. NOR-coated IONPs also enable a 22 times higher drug accumulation in macrophages, compared to identical extracellular concentrations of the free drug. Thus, lowering the drug coating pH to 5 imparts multiple benefits – improved IONP stability, enhanced drug coating, higher drug uptake in macrophages at reduced toxicity and slower drug release.
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- 2021
27. Fluid-structure interaction and experimental studies of passive check valve based piezoelectric micropump for biomedical applications.
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Vante, Abhijeet B. and Kanish, T. C.
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CHECK valves ,FLUID-structure interaction ,PIEZOELECTRIC actuators ,NUMERICAL analysis ,DISPLACEMENT (Psychology) ,DRUG delivery systems - Abstract
The piezoelectric micropump can be a prominent component of drug delivery systems due to its high performance, low cost, and faster response. However, backpressure remains to be the most common problem in micropump technology. Thus, microvalves or the passive check valve based piezoelectric micropump can be used to prevent the backpressure. However, the complex structure of the passive check valve based micropump limits the investigations of Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) due to the intricate Multiphysics involved. This paper presents the investigations on the flow behaviour and performance of a passive check valve based piezoelectric micropump using numerical analysis. The simulation study comprising FSI depicts the performance of a piezoelectric micropump using a fluid-structure coupling, fluid selection, structural modelling, and piezoelectric equations. The simulation results illustrate the micropump performance characteristics such as piezoelectric actuator displacement, micropump flow rate, backpressure, and Von Mises stress. Experiments are conducted to validate simulation results by studying the effect of voltage and frequency on the micropump flow and pressure characteristics. The experimental study demonstrated that the passive check valve based piezoelectric micropump delivers a maximum flow rate of 32 ml/min at zero backpressure. The micropump can pump the fluid against maximum backpressure up to 35 kPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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28. Engineering microscopic delivery systems: a review of dissolving microneedle design, fabrication, and function.
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Dave, Roshan, Shinde, Swapnali, Kalayil, Nisha, and Budar, Aarati
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PENETRATION mechanics ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,SKIN care ,CLINICAL medicine ,CLINICAL trials ,DRUG delivery systems - Abstract
Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) represent an innovative advancement in drug delivery and skincare technologies, offering significant advantages compared to traditional needles. This paper presents an overview of the historical evolution of microneedles and the rise of dissolving types, exploring their definition, concept, and diverse clinical applications such as vaccinations, drug delivery, and skincare treatments. Design and manufacturing considerations cover the materials employed, fabrication techniques, and methods for characterizing DMNs, focusing on aspects like mechanical strength, dissolution rate, and delivery efficiency. The mechanism of action section examines skin penetration mechanics, the process of microneedle dissolution, controlled release of active compounds, and considerations of biocompatibility and safety. Recent developments in DMNs encompass technological advancements, improved delivery systems, and updates on clinical trials and studies. Challenges and opportunities in scaling up production, overcoming market adoption barriers, and future research directions are discussed, aiming to address unmet medical needs and expand applications. In summary, DMNs have the potential to transform drug delivery and skincare treatments, with ongoing advancements aimed at tackling current challenges and unlocking new opportunities for enhanced healthcare outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. A Review of Nanotechnology in microRNA Detection and Drug Delivery.
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Wang, Hsiuying
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NORTHERN blot ,NON-coding RNA ,SMALL molecules ,GENE expression ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,DRUG delivery systems - Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Dysfunction in miRNAs can lead to various diseases, including cancers, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions. To date, approximately 2000 miRNAs have been identified in humans. These small molecules have shown promise as disease biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, identifying miRNA biomarkers for diseases and developing effective miRNA drug delivery systems are essential. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches to addressing scientific and medical challenges. Traditional miRNA detection methods include next-generation sequencing, microarrays, Northern blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Nanotechnology can serve as an effective alternative to Northern blotting and RT-qPCR for miRNA detection. Moreover, nanomaterials exhibit unique properties that differ from larger counterparts, enabling miRNA therapeutics to more effectively enter target cells, reduce degradation in the bloodstream, and be released in specific tissues or cells. This paper reviews the application of nanotechnology in miRNA detection and drug delivery systems. Given that miRNA therapeutics are still in the developing stages, nanotechnology holds great promise for accelerating miRNA therapeutics development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. The role of mesenchymal stem cells in cancer and prospects for their use in cancer therapeutics.
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Tang, Jian, Chen, Yu, Wang, Chunhua, Xia, Ying, Yu, Tingyu, Tang, Mengjun, Meng, Kun, Yin, Lijuan, Yang, Yang, Shen, Liang, Xing, Hui, and Mao, Xiaogang
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CANCER stem cells ,MESENCHYMAL stem cells ,CANCER cell proliferation ,CANCER cells ,TUMOR microenvironment - Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited by malignant tumor cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of malignant tumors. This role encompasses immune evasion, promotion of angiogenesis, stimulation of cancer cell proliferation, correlation with cancer stem cells, multilineage differentiation within the TME, and development of treatment resistance. Simultaneously, extensive research is exploring the homing effect of MSCs and MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (MSCs‐EVs) in tumors, aiming to design them as carriers for antitumor substances. These substances are targeted to deliver antitumor drugs to enhance drug efficacy while reducing drug toxicity. This paper provides a review of the supportive role of MSCs in tumor progression and the associated molecular mechanisms. Additionally, we summarize the latest therapeutic strategies involving engineered MSCs and MSCs‐EVs in cancer treatment, including their utilization as carriers for gene therapeutic agents, chemotherapeutics, and oncolytic viruses. We also discuss the distribution and clearance of MSCs and MSCs‐EVs upon entry into the body to elucidate the potential of targeted therapies based on MSCs and MSCs‐EVs in cancer treatment, along with the challenges they face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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31. Supercritical Fluids: An Innovative Strategy for Drug Development.
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Liu, Hui, Liang, Xiaoliu, Peng, Yisheng, Liu, Gang, and Cheng, Hongwei
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SUPERCRITICAL fluids ,DRUG development ,DRUG laws ,SUSTAINABLE development ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,DRUG delivery systems - Abstract
Nanotechnology plays a pivotal role in the biomedical field, especially in the synthesis and regulation of drug particle size. Reducing drug particles to the micron or nanometer scale can enhance bioavailability. Supercritical fluid technology, as a green drug development strategy, is expected to resolve the challenges of thermal degradation, uneven particle size, and organic solvent residue faced by traditional methods such as milling and crystallization. This paper provides an insight into the application of super-stable homogeneous intermix formulating technology (SHIFT) and super-table pure-nanomedicine formulation technology (SPFT) developed based on supercritical fluids for drug dispersion and micronization. These technologies significantly enhance the solubility and permeability of hydrophobic drugs by controlling the particle size and morphology, and the modified drugs show excellent therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, pathological scarring, and corneal neovascularization, and their performance and efficacy are highlighted when administered through multiple routes of administration. Overall, supercritical fluids have opened a green and efficient pathway for clinical drug development, which is expected to reduce side effects and enhance therapeutic efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. Frontier and hot topics in the application of hydrogel in the biomedical field: a bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace.
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Sun, Weiming, Wu, Wendi, Dong, Xiangli, and Yu, Guohua
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BIBLIOMETRICS ,HYDROGELS ,CROSSLINKED polymers ,FLEXIBLE structures ,TISSUES ,POLYMER networks ,RESEARCH personnel - Abstract
Hydrogels are formed of crosslinked polymer chains arranged in three-dimensional (3D) networks. These chains have good water-containing capacity and are soft and malleable. Hydrogels have good biocompatibility due to their significant water content, flexible structure, and numerous holes. These characteristics make them analogous to biological tissues. Despite the publication of 8700 literature related to hydrogel biomedical applications in the past 52 years (1973 ~ 2024), studies on the use of hydrogels in biomedicine are few. To gain a comprehensive understanding of their current development status, research trends, and prospects in the biomedical application field, it is imperative to conduct a thorough retrospective analysis. In this study, we employ bibliometric analysis and CiteSpace software to quantitatively and visually analyze articles published in this field. Firstly, we provide a quantitative analysis of authorship and institutional publications over the past 52 years to elucidate the fundamental development status regarding hydrogel biomedical applications. Secondly, we did visual studies on terms that are high-frequency, explosive, keyword clustering, and so on, to understand the directionality and evolution of the main research hotspots during each period. Notably, our findings emphasize that fabricating hydrogels into wound healing-promoting dressings emerges as a prominent hotspot within the application field. We anticipate that this paper will inspire researchers with novel ideas for advancing hydrogel applications in biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Application of Silicone in Ophthalmology: A Review.
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Mladenovic, Tamara, Zivic, Fatima, Petrovic, Nenad, Njezic, Sasa, Pavic, Jelena, Kotorcevic, Nikola, Milenkovic, Strahinja, and Grujovic, Nenad
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ARTIFICIAL vision ,DIAGNOSIS ,CLINICAL medicine ,SILICONES ,CLINICAL trials - Abstract
This paper reviews the latest trends and applications of silicone in ophthalmology, especially related to intraocular lenses (IOLs). Silicone, or siloxane elastomer, as a synthetic polymer, has excellent biocompatibility, high chemical inertness, and hydrophobicity, enabling wide biomedical applications. The physicochemical properties of silicone are reviewed. A review of methods for mechanical and in vivo characterization of IOLs is presented as a prospective research area, since there are only a few available technologies, even though these properties are vital to ensure medical safety and suitability for clinical use, especially if long-term function is considered. IOLs represent permanent implants to replace the natural lens or for correcting vision, with the first commercial foldable lens made of silicone. Biological aspects of posterior capsular opacification have been reviewed, including the effects of the implanted silicone IOL. However, certain issues with silicone IOLs are still challenging and some conditions can prevent its application in all patients. The latest trends in nanotechnology solutions have been reviewed. Surface modifications of silicone IOLs are an efficient approach to further improve biocompatibility or to enable drug-eluting function. Different surface modifications, including coatings, can provide long-term treatments for various medical conditions or medical diagnoses through the incorporation of sensory functions. It is essential that IOL optical characteristics remain unchanged in case of drug incorporation and the application of nanoparticles can enable it. However, clinical trials related to these advanced technologies are still missing, thus preventing their clinical applications at this moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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34. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as carrier for improved drug delivery and biosensing applications.
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Younas, Rida, Jubeen, Farhat, Bano, Nargis, Andreescu, Silvana, Zhang, Hongxia, and Hayat, Akhtar
- Abstract
Porous organic frameworks (POFs) represent a significant subclass of nanoporous materials in the field of materials science, offering exceptional characteristics for advanced applications. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a novel and intriguing type of porous material, have garnered considerable attention due to their unique design capabilities, diverse nature, and wide‐ranging applications. The unique structural features of COFs, such as high surface area, tuneable pore size, and chemical stability, render them highly attractive for various applications, including targeted and controlled drug release, as well as improving the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical biosensors. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the methods employed in creating COFs with specific properties that can be effectively utilized in biomedical applications. To address this indispensable fact, this review paper commences with a concise summary of the different methods and classifications utilized in synthesizing COFs. Second, it highlights the recent advancements in COFs for drug delivery, including drug carriers as well as the classification of drug delivery systems and biosensing, encompassing drugs, biomacromolecules, small biomolecules and the detection of biomarkers. While exploring the potential of COFs in the biomedical field, it is important to acknowledge the limitations that researchers may encounter, which could impact the practicality of their applications. Third, this paper concludes with a thought‐provoking discussion that thoroughly addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with leveraging COFs for biomedical applications. This review paper aims to contribute to the scientific community's understanding of the immense potential of COFs in improving drug delivery systems and enhancing the performance of biosensors in biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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35. BENZYDAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IMMOBILIZATION IN MULTILAYER STRUCTURES BASED ON LYOPHILIZED COMPOSITE POLYLACTIC ACID / POLY(E-CAPROLACTONE) SUBSTRATES.
- Author
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Viraneva, Asya, Marudova, Maria, Grigorov, Aleksandar, and Yovcheva, Temenuzhka
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BIOCHEMICAL substrates ,POLYLACTIC acid ,SUBSTRATES (Materials science) ,ELECTRIC charge ,CORONA discharge ,SURFACE potential - Abstract
In the present paper the polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) deposited on lyophilized composite polylactic acid / poly(e-caprolactone) substrates were investigated. The substrates were charged under positive corona discharge for 1 min with 5 kV voltage applied to the corona electrode and 1 kV voltage of the same polarity applied to the grid. The dependences on the time of storage of the normalized surface potential of the charged substrates (positive) were investigated. Solutions of 1 % casein in phosphate buffer (pH 8) and 0.1 % chitosan in acetate buffer (pH 5) with added benzydamine hydrochloride were prepared. The creation of the multilayers was carried out by utilizing the technique Layer-by-Layer (LbL). The first built-up layer always possesses an electric charge opposite to that of the substrate. The loading efficiency and drug release kinetics of the chosen model drug were carried out spectrophotometrically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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36. Enhanced delivery efficiency and sustained release of biopharmaceuticals by complexation-based gel encapsulated coated microneedles: rhIFNα-1b example
- Author
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Yang Guozhong, Zequan Zhou, Suohui Zhang, and Yunhua Gao
- Subjects
Drug ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Drug delivery system ,Pharmaceutical Science ,02 engineering and technology ,RM1-950 ,Bioequivalence ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Pharmacokinetics ,Coating ,Drug coating ,Interferon alpha 1b ,Sodium alginate ,media_common ,Pharmacology ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Original Research Paper ,Coated microneedle ,Delivery efficiency ,Drug delivery ,engineering ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,0210 nano-technology ,Sustained release - Abstract
Coated microneedles (MNs) are widely used for delivering biopharmaceuticals. In this study, a novel gel encapsulated coated MNs (GEC-MNs) was developed. The water-soluble drug coating was encapsulated with sodium alginate (SA) in situ complexation gel. The manufacturing process of GEC-MNs was optimized for mass production. Compared to the water-soluble coated MNs (72.02% ± 11.49%), the drug delivery efficiency of the optimized GEC-MNs (88.42% ± 6.72%) was steadily increased, and this improvement was investigated through in vitro drug release. The sustained-release of BSA was observed in vitro permeation through the skin. The rhIFNα-1b GEC-MNs was confirmed to achieve biosafety and 6-month storage stability. Pharmacokinetics of rhIFNα-1b in GEC-MNs showed a linearly dose-dependent relationship. The AUC of rhIFNα-1b in GEC-MNs (4.51 ng/ml·h) was bioequivalent to the intradermal (ID) injection (5.36 ng/ml·h) and significantly higher than water-soluble coated MNs (3.12 ng/ml·h). The rhIFNα-1b elimination half-life of GEC-MNs, soluble coated MNs, and ID injection was 18.16, 1.44, and 2.53 h, respectively. The complexation-based GEC-MNs have proved to be more efficient, stable, and achieve the sustained-release of water-soluble drug in coating MNs, constituting a high value to biopharmaceutical., Graphical abstract In the coated microneedle produced by the layer-by-layer coating method, the water-soluble drug-containing coating is encapsulated by the complexation-based gel (GEC-MNs). After GEC-MNs are applied to the skin, the release rate of the drug is reduced by the outer layer of the gel. The pharmacokinetic results of rh-IFNα-1b showed that compared with intradermal injection and water-soluble coated microneedles, the sustained release was achieved in GEC-MNs.Image, graphical abstract
- Published
- 2021
37. Spatiotemporally co-delivery of triple therapeutic drugs via HA-coating nanosystems for enhanced immunotherapy
- Author
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Erjuan Meng, Pingping Li, Chunhua Zang, Yichao Duan, Chaoqun Ma, Xueling Ren, Chaohui Wu, and Zhenzhong Zhang
- Subjects
PD-L1 ,Pharmacology ,Drug ,Polyethylenimine ,Hyaluronic acid ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Pharmaceutical Science ,RM1-950 ,Original Research Paper ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Therapeutic index ,chemistry ,In vivo ,Drug delivery ,Biophysics ,medicine ,Immunogenic cell death ,Doxorubicin ,Immunotherapy ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,media_common ,medicine.drug - Abstract
There is growing empirical evidence that certain types of chemotherapy and phototherapy trigger immunogenic cell death and enhance the therapeutic anticancer efficacy of genetic immunotherapy. However, the main challenge is spatiotemporally co-delivering different drugs to maximize the therapeutic index of the combination therapy. In this study, a drug delivery system (HTCP-Au/shPD-L1/DOX) was designed with a polysaccharide-wrapped shell and a condensed DNA core. To construct the HTCP-Au vector, dodecyl side chains with a polyethylenimine (PEI) head were grafted onto hyaluronic acid, and AuNPs were grafted via Au-S bonds. During drug loading, PEI arrested shRNA plasmid DNA targeting programmed cell death ligand 1 (shPD-L1) via electrostatic interactions. It also formed a PEI-DNA core that was automatically enclosed when aliphatic hydrocarbons pulled the hyaluronic acid backbone. A hydrophobic interlayer consisting of dodecyl bridge chains between the PEI-DNA core and the hyaluronic acid shell was required to accommodate hydrophobic doxorubicin. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that this core-shell drug delivery system could efficiently load and transport three different drugs and effectively target tumors. Moreover, it could activate the immune system, thereby providing promising therapeutic efficacy against tumor growth and metastasis., Graphical abstract HTCP-Au/shPD-L1/DOX was composed of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-modified hyaluronic acid shell, shPD-L1 plasmid core compressed by cationic polyethyleneimine and doxorubicin (DOX) encapsulated in hydrophobic layer. It could target to tumor cells by the CD44 receptor which is over-expressed in tumor microenvironment, followed by drug releasing responsively at 808 nm laser and the low pH in lysosome. Then the PD-L1 gene silencing induced by shPD-L1 and immunogenic cell death effect triggered by DOX and AuNPs will eliminate the tumor synergisticallyImage, graphical abstract
- Published
- 2021
38. Ultrasound (US)-activated redox dyshomeostasis therapy reinforced by immunogenic cell death (ICD) through a mitochondrial targeting liposomal nanosystem
- Author
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Zhigang Xu, Yang Cao, Jing Zhou, Peng Xue, Jiao Xiaodan, Han Liu, Junjie Ren, and Yuejun Kang
- Subjects
Indoles ,Ultrasonic Therapy ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Mice, Nude ,Apoptosis ,Immunogenic Cell Death ,Mitochondrion ,redox dyshomeostasis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Glutamate Dehydrogenase ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Neoplasms ,Animals ,Ferroptosis ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,sonodynamic therapy ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) ,targeting ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Glutathione Peroxidase ,Glutaminolysis ,Glutathione peroxidase ,Sonodynamic therapy ,Glutathione ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Mitochondria ,chemistry ,drug delivery ,liposome ,Liposomes ,Cancer research ,Immunogenic cell death ,Nanoparticles ,Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Intracellular ,Research Paper - Abstract
Introduction: An imbalance in redox homeostasis consistently inhibits tumor cell proliferation and further causes tumor regression. Thus, synchronous glutaminolysis inhibition and intracellular reactive oxygen (ROS) accumulation cause severe redox dyshomeostasis, which may potentially become a new therapeutic strategy to effectively combat cancer. Methods: Mitochondrial-targeting liposomal nanoparticles (abbreviated MLipRIR NPs) are synthesized by the encapsulation of R162 (inhibitor of glutamate dehydrogenase 1 [GDH1]) and IR780 (a hydrophobic sonosensitizer) within the lipid bilayer, which are exploited for ultrasound (US)-activated tumor dyshomeostasis therapy reinforced by immunogenic cell death (ICD). Results: R162 released from MLipRIR NPs disrupts the glutaminolysis pathway in mitochondria, resulting in downregulated enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In addition, loaded IR780 can generate high levels of ROS under US irradiation, which not only interrupts mitochondrial respiration to induce apoptosis but also consumes local glutathione (GSH). GSH depletion accompanied by GPx deactivation causes severe ferroptosis of tumor cells through the accumulation of lipid peroxides. Such intracellular redox dyshomeostasis effectively triggers immunogenic cell death (ICD), which can activate antitumor immunity for the suppression of both primary and distant tumors with the aid of immune checkpoint blockade. Conclusions: Taking advantage of multimodal imaging for therapy guidance, this nanoplatform may potentiate systemic tumor eradication with high certainty. Taken together, this state-of-the-art paradigm may provide useful insights for cancer management by disrupting redox homeostasis.
- Published
- 2021
39. Comparative pharmacokinetic evaluation of nanoparticle-based vs. conventional pharmaceuticals containing statins in attenuating dyslipidaemia
- Author
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Cordina, Jacob, Ahmad, Isha, Nath, Rohan, Abdul Rahim, Bahara, Van, Andrew, Al-Zuhairi, Dalya, Williams, Kylie, Pont, Lisa, Catanzariti, Rachelle, Mehndiratta, Samir, Valdivia-Olivares, Rayen Yanara, De Rubis, Gabriele, and Dua, Kamal
- Published
- 2024
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40. Computational Assessment of Unsteady Flow Effects on Magnetic Nanoparticle Targeting Efficiency in a Magnetic Stented Carotid Bifurcation Artery.
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Hewlin Jr., Rodward L., Smith, Michael, and Kizito, John P.
- Abstract
Purpose: Worldwide, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of hospitalization and death. Recently, the use of magnetizable nanoparticles for medical drug delivery has received much attention for potential treatment of both cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, proper understanding of the interacting magnetic field forces and the hydrodynamics of blood flow is needed for effective implementation. This paper presents the computational results of simulated implant assisted medical drug targeting (IA-MDT) via induced magnetism intended for administering patient specific doses of therapeutic agents to specific sites in the cardiovascular system. The drug delivery scheme presented in this paper functions via placement of a faintly magnetizable stent at a diseased location in the carotid artery, followed by delivery of magnetically susceptible drug carriers guided by the local magnetic field. Using this method, the magnetic stent can apply high localized magnetic field gradients within the diseased artery, while only exposing the neighboring tissues, arteries, and organs to a modest magnetic field. The localized field gradients also produce the forces needed to attract and hold drug-containing magnetic nanoparticles at the implant site for delivering therapeutic agents to treat in-stent restenosis. Methods: The multi-physics computational model used in this work is from our previous work and has been slightly modified for the case scenario presented in this paper. The computational model is used to analyze pulsatile blood flow, particle motion, and particle capture efficiency in a magnetic stented region using the magnetic properties of magnetite (Fe
3 O4 ) and equations describing the magnetic forces acting on particles produced by an external cylindrical electromagnetic coil. The electromagnetic coil produces a uniform magnetic field in the computational arterial flow model domain, while both the particles and the implanted stent are paramagnetic. A Eulerian-Lagrangian technique is adopted to resolve the hemodynamic flow and the motion of particles under the influence of a range of magnetic field strengths (Br = 2T, 4T, 6T, and 8T). Particle diameter sizes of 10 nm–4 µm in diameter were evaluated. Two dimensionless numbers were evaluated in this work to characterize relative effects of Brownian motion (BM), magnetic force induced particle motion, and convective blood flow on particle motion. Results: The computational simulations demonstrate that the greatest particle capture efficiency results for particle diameters within the micron range of 0.7–4 µm, specifically in regions where flow separation and vortices are at a minimum. Similar to our previous work (which did not involve the use of a magnetic stent), it was also observed that the capture efficiency of particles decreases substantially with particle diameter, especially in the superparamagnetic regime. Contrary to our previous work, using a magnetic stent tripled the capture efficiency of superparamagnetic particles. The highest capture efficiency observed for superparamagnetic particles was 78% with an 8 T magnetic field strength and 65% with a 2 T magnetic field strength when analyzing 100 nm particles. For 10 nm particles and an 8 T magnetic field strength, the particle capture efficiency was 55% and for a 2 T magnetic field strength the particle capture efficiency was observed to be 43%. Furthermore, it was found that larger magnetic field strengths, large particle diameter sizes (1 µm and above), and slower blood flow velocity improves the particle capture efficiency. The distribution of captured particles on the vessel wall along the axial and azimuthal directions is also discussed. Results for captured particles on the vessel wall along the axial flow direction showed that the particle density decreased along the axial direction, especially after the stented region. For the entrance section of the stented region, the captured particle density distribution along the axial direction is large, corresponding to the center-symmetrical distribution of the magnetic force in that section. Conclusion: The simulation results presented in this work have shown to yield favorable capture efficiencies for micron range particles and superparamagnetic particles using magnetized implants such as the stent discussed in this work. The results presented in this work justify further investigation of MDT as a treatment technique for cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Photoresponsive Delivery Microcarriers for Tissue Defects Repair
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Yuanjin Zhao, Qian Huang, Changmin Shao, Yuxiao Liu, Lingyun Sun, Xin Zhao, Min Nie, and Jieshou Li
- Subjects
Nir light ,General Chemical Engineering ,Microfluidics ,microfluidics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Umbilical vein ,microcarriers ,tissue defects ,General Materials Science ,lcsh:Science ,Tube formation ,Full Paper ,Chemistry ,Photothermal effect ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,General Engineering ,Microcarrier ,In vitro experiment ,Full Papers ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) ,0104 chemical sciences ,Drug delivery ,drug delivery ,lcsh:Q ,0210 nano-technology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Intelligent responsive microcarriers have emerged as a promising class of biomaterials for therapeutic delivery and tissue regeneration, since they can respond to external stimuli and release the loaded drugs in an active manner. Among various available stimuli, near‐infrared (NIR) light is particularly attractive because it can penetrate biotic tissues with sufficient intensity and minimal damage. In this work, a kind of photoresponsive delivery microcarriers (PDMs) is developed using microfluidics. The microcarriers consist of NIR‐absorbing graphene oxide, thermosensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), and biocompatible gelatin methacrylate. Under NIR light, the PDMs exhibit an evident volume shrinkage and effectively trigger the drug release. After the NIR light is switched off, the shrunken microcarriers return to their original size. This reversible process can be stably repeated for many cycles. An in vitro experiment demonstrates that the NIR‐radiated PDMs can actively release vascular endothelial growth factors and improve the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The results from the in vivo experiment also show an obvious photothermal effect and superior therapeutic efficacy of these PDMs in a rat model of tissue defects. These features make the PDMs an excellent drug delivery system and represent a great potential for clinical applications in tissue repair., Photoresponsive delivery microcarriers are developed using microfluidics, which consist of graphene oxide, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), and gelatin methacrylate. These microcarriers can actively respond to near‐infrared light and release the encapsulated drugs according to the irradiation frequency. After being implanted into a rat model of abdominal wall defects, they also exhibit potential value in tissue repair.
- Published
- 2022
42. The combined effect of permeation enhancement and proteolysis inhibition on the systemic exposure of orally administrated peptides: Salcaprozate sodium, soybean trypsin inhibitor, and teriparatide study in pigs
- Author
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Hillel Galitzer, Constantin Itin, William D. Fraser, Jonathan Tang, Gregory Burshtein, and Phillip Schwartz
- Subjects
Proteolysis ,Cmax ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Peptide ,Pharmacology ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,Pharmacokinetics ,Teriparatide ,medicine ,PTH, parathyroid hormone ,Salcaprozate sodium ,SNAC, salcaprozate sodium ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Gastrointestinal tract ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Kunitz STI protease inhibitor ,GIT, gastrointestinal tract ,hPTH(1–34), teriparatide ,RS1-441 ,Oral delivery ,chemistry ,Permeation enhancer ,Drug delivery ,SBTI, soybean trypsin inhibitor ,PK, pharmacokinetics ,Soybean trypsin inhibitor ,SNAC ,Research Paper ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Oral delivery of peptides and proteins is hindered by their rapid proteolysis in the gastrointestinal tract and their inability to permeate biological membranes. Various drug delivery approaches are being investigated and implemented to overcome these obstacles. In the discussed study conducted in pigs, an investigation was undertaken to assess the effect of combination of a permeation enhancer – salcaprozate sodium, and a proteolysis inhibitor – soybean trypsin inhibitor, on the systemic exposure of the peptide teriparatide, following intraduodenal administration. Results demonstrate that this combination achieves significantly higher Cmax and AUC (~10- and ~20-fold respectively) compared to each of these methodologies on their own. It was thus concluded that an appropriate combination of different technological approaches may considerably contribute to an efficient oral delivery of biological macromolecules., Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image, Highlights • Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) protects hPTH(1–34) from proteolysis in the intestine. • SNAC/SBTI combination significantly raises plasma exposure of oral hPTH(1–34). • Oral formulation hPTH(1–34)/SNAC/SBTI befits the PK profile for osteoporosis treatment. • Endoscopic intraduodenal delivery in pigs enables investigation of absorption mechanisms.
- Published
- 2021
43. Fabrication of radiation cross-linked diclofenac sodium loaded carboxymethyl sago pulp/chitosan hydrogel for enteric and sustained drug delivery
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Hui Li Tan, Kamaruddin Hashim, Yeon Yin Wong, Li Shan Tan, Janarthanan Pushpamalar, Karthik Deekonda, and Saravanan Muniyandy
- Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis ,Carboxymethyl sago pulp/chitosan ,Pulp (paper) ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,General Medicine ,Diclofenac Sodium ,macromolecular substances ,Radiation cross-linking ,QD415-436 ,engineering.material ,Sustained drug delivery ,Biochemistry ,Chitosan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Differential scanning calorimetry ,chemistry ,Drug delivery ,engineering ,medicine ,Swelling ,medicine.symptom ,Drug carrier ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Carboxymethyl sago pulp (CMSP) with a degree of substitution 0.8 was synthesised from sago waste and cross-linked with chitosan to form a hydrogel by electron beam (EB) irradiation. Diclofenac sodium was loaded into 40% CMSP/3% chitosan solution mixture and irradiated at 25 kGy. The hydrogel exhibited pH and temperature-sensitive swelling behaviour. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis were performed to characterise its properties. Drug entrapment efficiency of diclofenac sodium-loaded hydrogel was 65.4 ± 0.2%. The release of diclofenac sodium from CMSP/chitosan hydrogel disc was low in an acidic environment (pH 1.2) and there was slow and sustained release in colonic pH (pH 6.8) over 32 h in a first-order manner. Based on the results of the disk diffusion test, the hydrogel exhibited antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. Among tested formulations, 40% CMSP/3% chitosan hydrogel was shown to be the potential drug carrier for sustained drug delivery.
- Published
- 2021
44. PEGylated green halloysite/spinel ferrite nanocomposites for pH sensitive delivery of dexamethasone: A potential pulmonary drug delivery treatment option for COVID-19
- Author
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Vijaya Ravinayagam, Gazali Tanimu, Dana Almohazey, Hatim Dafalla, B. Rabindran Jermy, Sultan Akhtar, and Widyan Alamoudi
- Subjects
Nanocomposite ,Chemistry ,COVID-19 ,Geology ,Halloysite ,Polyethylene glycol ,engineering.material ,Pulmonary drug delivery ,Dexamethasone ,Spinel ferrite ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Zinc ferrite ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Green nanoparticle ,Drug delivery ,PEG ratio ,engineering ,Viability assay ,Nanocarriers ,Nuclear chemistry ,Research Paper - Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dex) is used in drug regimen for treatment of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) fusion and entry into the cell occurs at pH 5.5. In our present study, we have identified a green, cheap clay based halloysite (Hal) nanoformulation with release capability of Dex at such interactive pH condition. 30%ZnFe2O4/Hal and 30%NiFe2O4/Hal were prepared by one-pot synthesis technique. Dex (5% wt/wt) was functionalized over both nanocomposites. Finally, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was coated over ZnFe2O4/Hal/Dex and NiFe2O4/Hal/Dex nanocomposite using lyophilization technique (0.08 μl/mg of nanocarrier). The release ability of Dex was studied under pulmonary infection and normal pH conditions (pH = 5.6 and 7.4). The characterization study using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance (DRS) spectra confirmed the presence of spinel ferrites over Hal. Nitrogen adsorption isotherm showed the surface area of ZnFe2O4/Hal (75 m2/g), pore volume (0.27 cm3/g) with average pore size (14.5 nm). Scanning electron microscope/Energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed a textural change in halloysite tubular type indicating drug adsorption and PEG adhesion. DRS spectra indicated an intergrowth of zinc ferrite nanoparticles on the halloysite nanotubes. Interestingly, ZnFe2O4/Hal/Dex/PEG exhibited a high Dex release ability (17.5%, 168 h) at pH = 5.6 relevant to SARS-CoV-2 fusion entry into the cell pH condition of 5.5. Comparatively, the nanocomposite showed a less Dex release (
- Published
- 2021
45. Biomedical and biophysical limits to mathematical modeling of pulmonary system mechanics: a scoping review on aerosol and drug delivery
- Author
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Mohammad S. Islam, Hamed Mortazavi, and Hamidreza Mortazavy Beni
- Subjects
Computer science ,Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs ,Physics::Medical Physics ,Point cloud ,Biomedical Engineering ,Pulmonary system ,Viscoelasticity ,0903 Biomedical Engineering, 0913 Mechanical Engineering ,Elastic Modulus ,Dynamic modulus ,Dynamic mesh ,Elastic modulus ,Lung ,Aerosol ,Aerosols ,Review Paper ,Viscosity ,Mechanical Engineering ,Models, Cardiovascular ,Dynamic mechanical analysis ,Mechanics ,Modeling and Simulation ,Volume fraction ,Drug delivery ,Mathematical modeling ,Tomography ,Dynamic method ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Undoubtedly, the construction of the biomechanical geometry systems with the help of computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made a significant advancement in studying in vitro numerical models as accurately as possible. However, some simplifying assumptions in the computational studies of the respiratory system have caused errors and deviations from the in vivo actual state. The most important of these hypotheses is how to generate volume from the point cloud exported from CT or MRI images, not paying attention to the wall thickness and its effect in computational fluid dynamic method, statistical logic of aerosol trap in software; and most importantly, the viscoelastic effect of respiratory tract wall in living tissue pointed in the fluid–structure interaction method. So that applying the viscoelastic dynamic mesh effect in the form of the moving deforming mesh can be very effective in achieving more appropriate response quality. Also, changing the volume fraction of the pulmonary extracellular matrix constituents leads to changes in elastic modulus (storage modulus) and the viscous modulus (loss modulus) of lung tissue. Therefore, in the biomedical computational methods where the model wall is considered flexible, the viscoelastic properties of the texture must be considered correctly.
- Published
- 2021
46. Nano-based drug delivery systems for active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine: Harnessing the power of nanotechnology.
- Author
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Yong-Bo Zhang, Jun-Fang Wang, Mei-Xia Wang, Jing Peng, Xiang-De Kong, and Jie Tian
- Subjects
NANOMEDICINE ,CHINESE medicine ,DRUG delivery systems ,NANOTECHNOLOGY ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,NATURAL products - Abstract
Introduction: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining worldwide popularity as a complementary and alternativemedicine. The isolation and characterization of active ingredients fromTCMhas become optional strategies for drug development. In order to overcome the inherent limitations of these natural products such as poor water solubility and low bioavailability, the combination of nanotechnology with TCM has been explored. Taking advantage of the benefits offered by the nanoscale, various drug delivery systems have been designed to enhance the efficacy of TCM in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Methods: The manuscript aims to present years of research dedicated to the application of nanotechnology in the field of TCM. Results: The manuscript discusses the formulation, characteristics and therapeutic effects of nano-TCM. Additionally, the formation of carrier-free nanomedicines through self-assembly between active ingredients of TCM is summarized. Finally, the paper discusses the safety behind the application of nano-TCM and proposes potential research directions. Discussion: Despite some achievements, the safety of nano-TCM still need special attention. Furthermore, exploring the substance basis of TCM formulas from the perspective of nanotechnology may provide direction for elucidating the scientific intension of TCM formulas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: a versatile carrier platform in lung cancer management.
- Author
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Dhingra, Smriti, Goyal, Shuchi, Thirumal, Divya, Sharma, Preety, Kaur, Gurpreet, and Mittal, Neeraj
- Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) are inorganic nanoparticles that have been comprehensively investigated and are intended to deliver therapeutic agents. MSNPs have revolutionized the therapy for various conditions, especially cancer and infectious diseases. In this article, the viability of MSNPs' administration for lung cancer therapy has been reviewed. However, certain challenges lay ahead in the successful translation such as toxicology, immunology, large-scale production, and regulatory matters have made it extremely difficult to translate such discoveries from the bench to the bedside. This review highlights recent developments, characteristics, mechanism of action and customization for targeted delivery. This review also covers the most recent data that sheds light on MSNPs' extraordinary therapeutic potential in fighting lung cancer as well as future hurdles. Article highlights Background Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It has been estimated that 19.5 million novel tumor instances and 6.09 million fatalities happened in 2022. The conventional therapies are not successful in the treatment of LC, because of the resistance of LC cells against the usual chemotherapeutic agents. There is an urgent need for the development of innovative illness treatment techniques. This paper highlights the potential of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) in LC. Molecular mechanism of LC & inhibitory pathways LC is characterized by a neoplastic metamorphosis of epithelial cells of the lungs. LC is not only induced by mutations, but molecular alterations of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene are also the prevalent inducer of LC. The article highlights the mechanism and various inhibitory pathways in LC. Diagnosis & treatment methods for LC The article highlights various diagnosis strategies including physical evaluation, analysis of blood and urine samples, x-ray, MRI, computed tomography scan, positron emission tomography (PET) scan, etc. The multifactorial treatments including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, radiosurgery, and immunotherapy for LC have also been discussed in the article. Two potential targeting strategies, i.e., passive targeting and active targeting are employed as a potential approach to anticancer therapy. Emergence of nanomaterials & role of MSNPs in LC MSNPs have revolutionized the therapy for various conditions, especially cancer and infectious diseases. MSNPs are excellent and unique carriers for drug delivery and cancer therapy owing to their suitable features. The surface functionalization of MSNPs is extremely crucial to increase their effectiveness in vivo while lowering their toxicity. MSNPs are typically employed in pulmonary drug-delivery systems through the process of passive diffusion. Advantages & disadvantages of MSNPs MSNPs possess an ordered structure which is very appropriate for packing high amounts of drug moieties. The toxicology of MSNPs toward specific cell lines may be due to the presence of surface silanolates and/or the formation of silica reactive oxygen species. The structural modifications of MSNPs minimize their toxicities and influence the accumulation and biodegradation rate. Conclusion & Future Perspective MSNPs have demonstrated significant benefits over other nanocarriers in terms of anticancer drug delivery. Employing MSNPs and the EPR effect, neoteric therapeutic strategies can be used to alleviate LC. Prior to clinical trials, it is also essential to standardize any exterior functionalization approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Emerging Trends in Bilosomes as Therapeutic Drug Delivery Systems.
- Author
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Kaurav, Hemlata, Tripathi, Meenakshi, Kaur, Simran Deep, Bansal, Amit, Kapoor, Deepak N., and Sheth, Sandeep
- Subjects
DRUG delivery systems ,DRUG administration ,AMPHIPHILES ,BILE acids ,DRUG carriers ,GASTROINTESTINAL system - Abstract
In recent years, there has been a notable surge in the utilization of stabilized bile acid liposomes, chemical conjugates, complexes, mixed micelles, and other drug delivery systems derived from bile acids, often referred to as bilosomes. The molecular structure and interactions of these amphiphilic compounds provide a distinctive and captivating subject for investigation. The enhanced stability of new generation bilosomes inside the gastrointestinal system results in the prevention of drug degradation and an improvement in mucosal penetration. These characteristics render bilosomes to be a prospective nanocarrier for pharmaceutical administration, prompting researchers to investigate their potential in other domains. This review paper discusses bilosomes that have emerged as a viable modality in the realm of drug delivery and have significant promise for use across several domains. Moreover, this underscores the need for additional investigation and advancement in order to comprehensively comprehend the prospective uses of bilosomes and their effectiveness in the field of pharmaceutical administration. This review study explores the current scholarly attention on bilosomes as prospective carriers for drug delivery. Therapeutic areas where bilosomes have shown outstanding performance in terms of drug delivery are outlined in the graphical abstract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Advances in the treatment of atherosclerosis with ligand‐modified nanocarriers.
- Author
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Deng, Xiujiao, Wang, Jinghao, Yu, Shanshan, Tan, Suiyi, Yu, Tingting, Xu, Qiaxin, Chen, Nenghua, Zhang, Siqi, Zhang, Ming‐Rong, Hu, Kuan, and Xiao, Zeyu
- Subjects
ATHEROSCLEROSIS ,NANOCARRIERS ,NANOPARTICLES ,NANOMEDICINE ,WELL-being - Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic disease associated with metabolism, poses a significant risk to human well‐being. Currently, existing treatments for atherosclerosis lack sufficient efficiency, while the utilization of surface‐modified nanoparticles holds the potential to deliver highly effective therapeutic outcomes. These nanoparticles can target and bind to specific receptors that are abnormally over‐expressed in atherosclerotic conditions. This paper reviews recent research (2018–present) advances in various ligand‐modified nanoparticle systems targeting atherosclerosis by specifically targeting signature molecules in the hope of precise treatment at the molecular level and concludes with a discussion of the challenges and prospects in this field. The intention of this review is to inspire novel concepts for the design and advancement of targeted nanomedicines tailored specifically for the treatment of atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Physicochemical Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Hybrids with Meloxicam for Dissolution Rate Improvement.
- Author
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Maggi, Lauretta, Friuli, Valeria, Cerea, Beatrice, Bruni, Giovanna, Berbenni, Vittorio, and Bini, Marcella
- Subjects
DRUG solubility ,BIOMEDICAL materials ,ELECTROSTATIC interaction ,SURFACE area - Abstract
Organic–inorganic hybrids represent a good solution to improve the solubility and dissolution rates of poorly soluble drugs whose number has been increasing in the last few years. One of the most diffused inorganic matrices is hydroxyapatite (HAP), which is a biocompatible and osteoconductive material. However, the understanding of the hybrids' functioning mechanisms is in many cases limited; thus, thorough physicochemical characterizations are needed. In the present paper, we prepared hybrids of pure and Mg-doped hydroxyapatite with meloxicam, a drug pertaining to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II, i.e., drugs with low solubility and high permeability. The hybrids' formation was demonstrated by FT-IR, which suggested electrostatic interactions between HAP and drug. The substitution of Mg in the HAP structure mainly produced a structural disorder and a reduction in crystallite sizes. The surface area of HAP increased after Mg doping from 82 to 103 m
2 g−1 as well as the pore volume, justifying the slightly high drug amount adsorbed by the Mg hybrid. Notwithstanding the low drug loading on the hybrids, the solubility, dissolution profiles and wettability markedly improved with respect to the drug alone, particularly for the Mg doped one, which was probably due to the main distribution of the drug on the HAP surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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