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Children with gifted intellects often earn lower scores on measures of processing speed than their nongifted counterparts. However, neuropsychological research indicates such a profile of scores is likely not due to a true innate neurocognitive processing speed deficit but is rather a statistical artifact resulting from the interference of common cognitive and behavioral idiosyncrasies inherent to giftedness, such as perfectionism and an aversion to completing paper and pencil tasks. The first aim of this study is to identify and explain the relative underperformance of children with gifted intellects on measures of processing speed. The second aim is to develop a neuropsychologically informed framework for clinically assessing processing speed in children with gifted intellects using alternative measures from the WISC–V. Clinical implications are discussed as they relate to the relative disabling effects of common gifted-related idiosyncrasies on the expression of their otherwise intact neuropsychological capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progression and refinement of traction electric motors play a pivotal role in the enhancement of vehicles. With constant advancements in power efficiency, diagnostic tools, and reliability, electric traction motors are becoming more economical in terms of operational costs. This article underscores the significance of methods used in assessing the technical proficiency of traction electric motors, coupled with their testing techniques. The vibration characteristics of these motors serve as a prime criterion in assessing their quality throughout their lifecycle – from design and manufacturing to operation. A groundbreaking proposition made in this article is the evaluation of electric traction motors' health based on their vibration acceleration within an expansive frequency range of 5 Hz to 10 kHz. This contrasts the conventional approach which focuses on vibration speed in a restricted frequency spectrum up to 1000 Hz, as outlined by current standards. Such permissible vibration classes are essential in ensuring the high-quality design, technical finesse, and dependability of traction electric motors. Exceeding these vibration thresholds can result in rapid wear and tear, diminishing the motor's reliability and lifespan. Hence, motors that surpass these permissible vibrations are not advised for vehicular use. Additionally, the article sheds light on requisite equipment controls for accurately gauging vibrations and noise levels in electric motors. Delving deeper into the nuances, the methods for mounting vibration transducers and electric motors on testing platforms are elucidated. These methods are pivotal in obliterating any hindrances that could impede the precise measurement of vibrations induced by an electric motor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the importance of electricity parameters in transient states for assessing the ability of an aircraft's power grid to self-regulate. It has been shown that the quality of electrical energy of an aircraft's power system is influenced by its operating time. Aging changes resulting from long-term operation of the power system cause deterioration of electrical energy parameters, which directly affects airworthiness and flying safety. Maintaining standard energy parameters in transient states is very important to ensure proper operation of the aircraft. The article describes the method of measuring the quality of electricity in transient states, and using the example of the DC power system of the Su 22 aircraft, the essence of its network diagnostics in transient states is presented. Also presented are sample results of research conducted by the authors regarding changes in electrical energy parameters in transient states of the Su 22 aircraft, obtained during its many years of operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of generalized linear models (GLM), this paper explores the design and applicability of partial residual (PRES), augmented partial residual (APRES), and conditional expectation and residuals (CERES) plots for visualizing an outlier's diagnostics as a function of selected variables. Here, a geometric regression as a GLM is thoroughly described. Additionally, plots for PRES, APRES, and CERES have been built. Due to how the response variable and the associated link function interact with various covariates, the effectiveness of these plots for creating an appealing visual impression may vary. On the cervical cancer data, specific methodologies are used to identify trends for effective modelling. When compared to other approaches, the power of the tests for various plots demonstrates that PRES, CERES (L) and CERES (K) have the greatest endurance for the outlier's diagnostics. On the basis of the power of residual plots, the use is recommended for outlier diagnostics in presence of conventional tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failure detection of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) motors and propulsion systems is the most important step in the implementation of active fault-tolerant control systems. This will increase the reliability of unmanned systems and increase the level of safety, especially in civil and commercial applications. The following paper presents a method of motor failure detection in the multirotor UAV using piezo bars. The results of a real flight, in which the failure of the propulsion system caused the crash of a hybrid VTOL UAV, were presented and analyzed. The conclusions drawn from this flight led to the development of a lightweight, simple and reliable sensor that can detect a failure of the UAV propulsion system. The article presents the outcomes of laboratory tests concerning measurements made with a piezo sensor. An extensive analysis of the obtained results of vibrations recorded on a flying platform arm with a propulsion system is presented, and a methodology for using this type of data to detect failures is proposed. The article presents the possibility of using a piezoelectric sensor to record vibrations on the basis of which it is possible to detect a failure of the UAV propulsion system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gynecological ultrasonography plays a central role in the management of endometriosis. The rapid technical development as well as the currently increasing evidence for non-invasive diagnostic methods require an updated compilation of recommendations for the use of ultrasound in the management of endometriosis. The present work aims to highlight the accuracy of sonography for diagnosing and classifying endometriosis and will formulate the present list of key messages and recommendations. This paper aims to demonstrate the accuracy of TVS in the diagnosis and classification of endometriosis and to discuss the clinical applications and consequences of TVS findings for indication, surgical planning and assessment of associated risk factors. (1) Sophisticated ultrasound is the primary imaging modality recommended for suspected endometriosis. The examination procedure should be performed according to the IDEA Consensus. (2) Surgical intervention to confirm the diagnosis alone is not recommended. A preoperative imaging procedure with TVS and/or MRI is strongly recommended. (3) Ultrasound examination does not allow the definitive exclusion of endometriosis. (4) The examination is primarily transvaginal and should always be combined with a speculum and a bimanual examination. (5) Additional transabdominal ultrasonography may enhance the accuracy of the examination in case of extra pelvic disease, extensive findings or limited transvaginal access. (6) Sonographic assessment of both kidneys is mandatory when deep endometriosis (DE) and endometrioma are suspected. (7) Endometriomas are well defined by sonographic criteria. When evaluating the ovaries, the use of IOTA criteria is recommended. (8) The description of sonographic findings of deep endometriosis should be systematically recorded and performed using IDEA terminology. (9) Adenomyosis uteri has sonographically well-defined criteria (MUSA) that allow for detection with high sensitivity and specificity. MRI is not superior to differentiated skilled ultrasonography. (10) Classification of the extent of findings should be done according to the #Enzian classification. The current data situation proves the best possible prediction of the intraoperative situs of endometriosis (exclusive peritoneum) for the non-invasive application of the #Enzian classification. (11) Transvaginal sonographic examination by an experienced examiner is not inferior to MRI diagnostics regarding sensitivity and specificity in the prediction of the extent of deep endometriosis. (12) The major advantage of non-invasive imaging and classification of endometriosis is the differentiated planning or possible avoidance of surgical interventions. The recommendations represent the opinion of experts in the field of non-invasive and invasive diagnostics as well as therapy of endometriosis. They were developed with the participation of the following national and international societies: DEGUM, ÖGUM, SGUM, SEF, AGEM/DGGG, and EEL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Family Medicine Forum / Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the main provisions of the new standard DSTU 9118:2022 «Technical diagnostics. Diagnosing the technical condition of structure materials. General requirements». The standard covers industrial facilities: pipelines, pipeline systems, and technological equipment (boilers, containers, tanks, etc.) of power, oil processing, petrochemical and chemical productions, lifting equipment and facilities and other high-risk welded structures. The standard defines the main provisions on technical diagnostics, its indices and characteristics, and requirements to diagnostic support of the facility. The standard is designed for personnel, specialists, and executives, involved in assessment of the technical conditions of the facilities. Application of AE method in the mode of continuous monitoring to ensure fulfillment of the Standard provisions is considered. 5 Ref., 2 Tabl., 3 Fig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Southern Hemisphere temperature has experienced obvious changes with great spatial differences over the past several decades. Most regions show extreme warming, especially those located at 35°–55°S. In contrast, subsurface cooling exists between 15° and 35°S in the Indian and Pacific basins. The subsurface temperature and salinity change can be divided into spiciness change and heave components. The results show the warming due to isopycnal movement being largely offset by significant spiciness cooling at middepth. Surface warming and subduction into the interior ocean account for subsurface spiciness cooling near 45°S, while surface freshening and penetration along isopycnals are more important to the subsurface spiciness cooling farther north. The isobaric temperature change is associated with pure warming and pure heaving, and the subsurface cooling observed in the Indian and Pacific subtropics is predominantly attributed to pure heaving. This study provides a quantitative estimate of the relative contribution of surface temperature, salinity change, and circulation adjustment in subsurface temperature change, highlighting the importance of circulation change in producing subsurface cooling. Further research is needed to understand why different processes dominate in different ocean sections. Significance Statement: While the global ocean is warming, the subsurface temperature change exhibits a significant regional disparity. This paper attempts to explain the deep-reaching warming at 35°–55°S and cooling at 15°–35°S based on three historical observation datasets. We find that the cooling mostly occurs between 400 and 1000 m in the south Indian and Pacific subtropics (15°–35°S), which is attributed to pure heaving, indicating the importance of circulation change in these regions. The midlatitude warming (35°–55°S) is mainly caused by the pure warming process, which is related to heat uptake at the subpolar surface and northward and downward heat transport. The spiciness cooling near 45°S is mainly driven by the subduction of the surface warming signal while the freshening process has a stronger impact on spiciness cooling farther north. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the design and synthesis of new multifunctional porphyrin-based therapeutic agents for potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Zinc complexes of A3B-type meso-arylporphyrins containing OH- and COOH- groups were modified with chelating ligands based on 4′-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine derivatives in high yields. Novel complexes with Gd(III), Fe(III) were obtained for these conjugates. Aggregation behaviour in solutions of different solubilisers was studied to inform the selection of the optimal solubilising platform for the porphyrins obtained; their photophysical and photochemical properties were also characterised. Micellar Pluronic F127 formulation was found to be the most effective solubiliser for stabilising the fluorescence-active monomolecular form of the photosensitisers (PS). In vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds was studied on the HEP-2 cell line with and without irradiation for 1.5 and 24 h. As a result, the IC50 of compounds 12 and 14 at an irradiation dose of 8.073 J/cm2 was shown to be 1.87 ± 0.333 and 1.4 ± 0.152 μM, respectively; without irradiation, the compound had no toxic effect within the studied concentration range (1.5 h). A test for the inhibition of metabolic cooperation or promoter activity was also performed for the abovementioned compounds, showing the efficacy and safety of the conjugates obtained. Preliminary data have indicated the high potential of the new type of PS to be promising molecular theranostic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful water management is critical to achieving high performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The relatively high sensitivity of terahertz radiation to liquid water is promising as a complementary alternative for flooding detection in PEMFCs. Using a novel, commercially available terahertz source and camera, this paper investigates the feasibility of a compact and low‐cost terahertz imaging system for visualizing water build‐up inside an operating PEMFC, supported by simultaneous high‐resolution optical imaging. Several phenomena of water accumulation and transport, such as membrane hydration, main droplet appearance, water pool formation, growth, and eventual flush out by gases are imaged by terahertz imaging. These results agree with optical imaging and cell voltage readings. The proposed setup is also able to distinguish the effect of different air flow rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salivary gland malignancies (SGMs) account for less than 5% of new diagnoses in head and neck tumors. If feasible, surgery is the preferred treatment modality. Nevertheless, some malignancies have a tendency of recurrence, with possible distant metastasis. Alternative treatment strategies, such as primary radiation or chemotherapeutics, often present low response rates. As a result, there is an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches. Nowadays, target-based therapies (e.g., small inhibitors and immunotherapy) are used by the medical oncologist for possible treatment of advanced SGMs. Based on recent published trials, some novel treatments may provide additional disease control for some patients. However, sample sizes are small, the general findings are unsatisfactory, and a lot of uncertainties remain to be elucidated. Nevertheless, research shows that patients do not benefit from blind administration of systemic treatments and therefore a more personalized approach is highly needed. The aim of this review paper is to summarize the most recent advances in the biological understanding and molecular pathways of salivary gland cancers, the association of these pathways with the current treatments used and their implications for more personalized targeted-based therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the peculiarities of the adaptive and rehabilitation processes of children with special educational needs. It was found that one of the most significant issues of rehabilitation work with children with special educational needs is to create the conditions for their integration into society. This stipulates the determination of the state of their adaptive and rehabilitation potential formation suggesting identification of social characteristics and social relations of the children with special educational needs; definition of the levels of their learning opportunities, skills and abilities development; elucidation of the peculiarities of intra-family relations in families bringing up children with special educational needs; research of rehabilitation processes features being passed by children with special educational needs. For studying the state of adaptive and rehabilitation potential formation in working with children with special educational needs, we have conducted a diagnostic study among children with special educational needs who receive rehabilitation services at the Shepetivka City Center for Social Rehabilitation of Disabled Children of Khmelnytskyi region. The parents of the children took part in the study as well. The results of the diagnosis revealed that the children with special educational needs are dominated by medium and low levels of formation of self-concept and comprehention of their relations with the social environment; they are characterized by medium and low levels of general mental development; children with special educational needs suffer hostility and conflict in their families, while their parents experience feelings of guilt, anxiety, and mental stress; the difficulties being faced by the children with special educational needs during the rehabilitation process are mainly related to their focusing on their own illness. In this regard, we have developed and substantiated the forms and methods for regulating the adaptive and rehabilitation processes in working with children with special educational needs, which, in our opinion, should be applied by specialists at the centers for the social rehabilitation of children with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definition: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have great potential in various areas such as medicine, cancer therapy and diagnostics, biosensing, and material science. In particular, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are extensively used for numerous bioapplications due to their biocompatibility, high saturation magnetization, chemical stability, large surface area, and easy functionalization. This paper describes magnetic nanoparticle physical and biological properties, emphasizing synthesis approaches, toxicity, and various biomedical applications, focusing on the most recent advancements in the areas of therapy, diagnostics, theranostics, magnetic separation, and biosensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the wide use of gearmotor systems in industry, many diagnostic techniques have been developed/employed to prevent their failures. An insufficient lubrication of gearboxes of these machines could shorten their life and lead to catastrophic failures and losses, making it important to ensure a required lubrication level. For the first time in worldwide terms, this paper proposed to diagnose a lack of gearbox oil lubrication using motor current signature analysis (MCSA). This study proposed, investigated, and experimentally validated two new technologies to diagnose a lack of lubrication of gear motor systems based on MCSA. Two new diagnostic features were extracted from the current signals of a three-phase induction motor. The effectiveness of the proposed technologies was evaluated for different gear lubrication levels and was compared for three phases of motor current signals and for a case of averaging the proposed diagnostic features over three phases. The results confirmed a high effectiveness of the proposed technologies for diagnosing a lack of oil lubrication in gearmotor systems. Other contributions were as follows: (i) it was shown for the first time in worldwide terms, that the motor current nonlinearity level increases with the reduction of the sgearbox oil level; (ii) novel experimental validations of the proposed two diagnostic technologies via comprehensive experimental trials (iii) novel experimental comparisons of the diagnosis effectiveness of the proposed two diagnostic technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the authors explored the issues of the Soderbergh electrolysis cell's increase in economic efficiency. This result was achieved by analyzing the temperature fields of the electrolysis cell in order to determine the overheating points. As a result, it led to the determination of the points of the hearth bottom's subsequent breakdown, causing the failure of the electrolysis cell. In this paper, the mathematical modeling of the temperature fields using a spatially distributed mathematical model and conducted experimental studies were carried out. The mathematical model also provides the opportunity to measure the temperature field in the hearth bottom (at the bottom) of the OA-300M electrolysis cell. The results of the given research can be used to solve the experimental determination of the hearth bottom internal defect problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strain wave gears, also known as harmonic drives, are employed in a wide range of fields such as robotics and aerospace, where light weights, precision, and reliability are essential to the correct execution of the tasks. For this reason, their understanding and optimization are of high interest for both academia and industry. Previous studies have been mainly focused on investigating and modeling the working principle of strain wave gears in nominal operating conditions. On the contrary, the present paper describes the results of an experimental campaign aimed to introduce wear in gears of two different suppliers and its impact on the gear torsional stiffness. Results show how the change in the gear performance strongly depends both on the gear manufacturer and the location of wear. For the analyzed components, a damaged wave generator–flexspline interface reduces the gear stiffness up to one-fourth of its nominal value, while the non-nominal shape of the teeth jeopardizes the gearbox performance, leading up to just 4% of the nominal stiffness values, and resulting in backlash. Such data can be used to properly model the presence of wear in strain wave gears and to train data-driven diagnostics and prognostics routines to effectively detect such a fault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forum Zakażeń is the property of Evereth Publishing Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper describes the concept of improving the efficiency of the process of monitoring the technical condition and evaluating the service life of an asynchronous electric drive of promising trains based on the analysis of diagnostic information of various physical nature, taking into ac-count different types of diagnostic signals generated by individual drive elements and measured using vibration and current sensors. The implementation of the project provides an increase in the effectiveness of monitoring the technical condition of the electromechanical equipment of trains, allows to move from scheduled maintenance of high-speed rail transport to service according to the actual condition, to increase safety, as well as to the introduction automatic monitoring systems. Functional purpose of the system: monitoring the technical condition of electromechanical equipment and predicting the residual life of its nodes through the use of an intelligent decision-making unit based on a neural network. A scheme of hardware for data collection and analysis, an algorithm for collecting and processing data based on a registrar, and a predictive diagnostics algorithm have been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tackling cancer is a major challenge right on the global level. Europe is only the tip of an iceberg of cancer around the world. Prosperous developed countries share the same problems besetting Europe–and the countries and regions with fewer resources and less propitious conditions are in many cases struggling often heroically against a growing tide of disease. This paper offers a view on these geographically wider, but essentially similar, challenges, and on the prospects for and barriers to better results in this ceaseless battle. A series of panels have been organized by the European Alliance for Personalised Medicine (EAPM) to identify different aspects of cancer care around the globe. There is significant diversity in key issues such as NGS, RWE, molecular diagnostics, and reimbursement in different regions. In all, it leads to disparities in access and diagnostics, patients' engagement, and efforts for a better understanding of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Original Partial Discharge Echo (PDE) measurement methodology is presented. • Extension of PDE potential refers to the detection and extraction of echo attributes. • Measurement methodology can be applied to various high-voltage objects and insulation systems. • Experimental results showed dependence of gaseous inclusion surface conditions on the echo pattern. • Results extend the insight into PD – especially with a focus on diagnostic applications. In this article, an original measurement methodology is presented for insight into the partial discharge (PD) mechanism − being one of the key indicators of high-voltage insulation system integrity. This approach is based on riveting measurements of PD echo (PDE) that are acquired by applying a chopped sequence. The new extension of PDE potential, presented in this paper, refers to the detection and extraction of echo attributes, providing an additional quantitative assessment of the insulation condition. In this way a noninvasive insight into source of defect can be provided, which is not possible by conventional PD measurements. Hence, intension and future development direction of this method is to provide insulation deterioration imaging. The detection of echo discharges occurs during the voltage-less time break between consecutive periods of excitation voltage, therefore the further advantage of PDE is higher immunity to excitation-driven disturbances. The whole measurement sequence can be subdivided in to AC and DC parts. The measurement methodology can be applied to various high-voltage objects and insulation systems. As an example, measurement results obtained on polymeric material that contained an embedded defect are presented. A comparison of PD echo effects on both untreated and aged specimens revealed the dependence of gaseous inclusion surface conditions on the echo pattern. Presented new measurement methodology allowed for extraction and evaluation of PD echo time constant, which yielded distinct values in the cases of new and aged specimens. The echo discharges were attributed to the mechanisms in the dielectric that started in the voltage-less part after the transition point. These effects represent the interplay between the remnant electric field and the decay of the electric field that was accumulated from the previous PDs. The aim of this paper was to show advanced PD measurement approach to investigate the effects of an internal embedded electrical insulation defect on an externally measurable indicator. The paper also presents an attempt to extract additional information from phase-resolved PD images. In this context, further research is needed to provide directions toward a measurement technique and a potential future diagnostic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on measurements and research, diagnostics of the condition of a structure aims to provide an answer to the question of what the condition of the structure is, and the necessary steps for reconstruction or rehabilitation. Masonry stone construction is one of the oldest methods of construction of building structures. In spite of that, this type of structures does not have fully defined parameters that influence its behavior. The reason for this is the fact that the properties of masonry stone structures differ depending on the basic material (stone) and binding material (mortar), as well as their combination. The paper presents diagnostics of the condition of masonry structures on the Tabija tower building. Tabija, a low tower for cannons, is a fortification structure from the Ottoman period that is the most completely preserved and was registered for the first time in the city plan from 1717. The structure is in poor condition due to a large number of natural and human factors. The paper will present a detailed visual inspection of the structure, as well as tests conducted in the laboratory and in-situ, the calculation, and decisions and proposals for the rehabilitation and/or reconstruction of the considered building of cultural and historical heritage.

The development of new and optimisation of known cultural and molecular genetic methods for accurate species identification of microorganisms is an urgent and practically necessary task that is receiving great attention from researchers. The purpose of this study was to analyse and systematise theoretical scientific data on methods of microbial identification and assess their main advantages and disadvantages. For this purpose, a systematic review of 53 randomised research papers published between 2018 and 2023 was conducted. The search for publications using the keywords “microbiome”, “microbiological diagnostics”, “identification of microorganisms”, “sequencing”, and “omics technologies” in the title or text of the research paper was carried out in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The study provides generalised information on traditional and modern methods of microbial identification. It is established that the advantages of traditional diagnostic methods include the possibility of preserving the obtained microorganisms for further research, in particular, for determining their antibiotic sensitivity. Modern molecular genetic methods open up new possibilities for the accurate identification of microorganisms, including those that are difficult to incubate using traditional cultural methods. The use of these methods allows obtaining detailed data on the genetic structure and diversity of microorganisms, which is important in many fields, including microbiology, medicine, and ecology. However, molecular methods are more sensitive to contamination or errors in the sample collection and processing. Moreover, omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) open up new opportunities for studying cells at more complex levels of life organisation. In everyday clinical practice, the microbiological method of isolating microbial cultures remains the main one, as it is the only one that allows determining not only the cause of the infection but also the antibiotic sensitivity. However, cultural methods for studying fastidious microorganisms are quite limited. Thus, the results obtained contribute to the development of fast and accurate methods for identifying, classifying, and systematising microorganisms, which facilitates the processes of diagnosis and development of strategies for the control and treatment of infectious diseases in laboratories and clinical institutions

Digital technologies are shifting the paradigm of medicine in a way that will transform the healthcare industry. Conventional medical approaches focus on treating symptoms and ailments for large groups of people. These approaches can elicit differences in treatment responses and adverse reactions based on population variations, and are often incapable of treating the inherent pathophysiology of the medical conditions. Advances in genetics and engineering are improving healthcare via individualized treatments that include gene and cell therapies, pharmacogenetics, disease detection, and diagnostics. This paper highlights ways that artificial intelligence can help usher in an age of personalized medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a model for DC motor diagnostics based on a state-space model approach. Its digital twin works in parallel with the real motor. The output signals of the motor and the digital twin from the electric current and angular velocity sensors are analyzed. The motor defects are detected by the magnitude of the discrepancy. If a defect is detected, the diagnostic system transmits information about it to the control system, turns on the defect indication, then by fuzzy logic methods or other methods determines the type of defect, the system element in which the defect occurred, predicts the remaining life, the control system is fail-safe operation. If the magnitude of the defect is insignificant, then appropriate maintenance actions are recommended. If the magnitude of the defect is significant, an emergency shutdown of the motor must be performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de Investigación is the property of Grupo Compas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is devoted to a new approach to condition monitoring. The main feature is an application of strain gauge analysis for geometrical locating of vibrating defects. Information about the exact geometrical location of a defect, intensity of excitation and its frequency provides accurate diagnostics. The research contains theoretical and experimental parts. Three types of defects are analyzed: defects with harmonic parameters, defects with non-harmonic periodical parameters (pulse periodic signal) and defects with non-periodical parameters (pulse non-periodical signal). For the first type, analysis of micro movements in the equipment is used. The others use triangulation; for detecting time lag of signal approaching in each sensor, an analysis of phase spectrum is used. This method can find sources of vibration/defects with pulse-like signals. An electronic board and computer program for implementation of the proposed method are developed. The electronics measure strain gauge data in real time and transmit it to a computer program. Such an approach gives new information for diagnostics and provides new opportunities for effective defect detection and condition monitoring of various machines and equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosing inflammatory bowel diseases in children and differentiating them from functional disorders is complicated based on clinical assessment, laboratory data, and radiological, endoscopic, and histological signs. Therefore, in paediatrics, substantial attention has been given to standard invasive evaluation methods. Recently, research efforts have been directed towards using faecal calprotectin as a sensitive non-invasive stool test. The aim of the research was to study the diagnostic value of faecal calprotectin in pediatric chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. The paper discusses faecal calprotectin's diagnostic and monitoring role in 35 children aged 3 to 17 years with ulcerative colitis, non-specific non-ulcerative colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. The concentration of the faecal calprotectin level was examined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. Results. The study shows that in patients with non-specific ulcerative and non-ulcerative colitis, the faecal calprotectin level exceeds the normal ranges 2-5 times, corresponding to clinical and morphological manifestations of the diseases and the level of inflammatory markers. However, this biological marker does not exceed the average values in children with irritable bowel syndrome. Conclusions. The faecal calprotectin test allows us to differentiate organic and functional intestinal diseases, monitor chronic inflammatory bowel disease activity dynamics, and estimate treatment effectiveness. Applying the faecal calprotectin test within the framework of primary medical care can decrease the number of referrals for invasive endoscopic, laboratory, and radiologic examinations in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hymenoptera venom allergy is the most common cause of anaphylaxis in adults and the second-most frequent in children. The proper diagnosis of this life-threatening allergy remains a challenge. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding diagnostics of Hymenoptera venom allergy. The paper includes a brief description of the representatives of Hymenoptera order and the composition of their venoms. Then, diagnostic tests for allergy to Hymenoptera venom are described. Common diagnostic problems, especially double positivity in tests for IgE antibodies specific to honeybee and wasp venom, are also discussed. Special attention is paid to the search for new diagnostic capabilities using modern methodologies. Multidimensional molecular analysis offers an opportunity to characterize changes in body fluids associated with Hymenoptera venom allergy and yields a unique insight into the cell status. Despite recent developments in the diagnostics of Hymenoptera venom allergy, new testing methodologies are still needed to answer questions and doubts we have. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ankle sprains are exceedingly common injuries in both athletes and the general population. They account for 10 to 30% of all sports injuries. Although the vast majority of lateral ankle ligament injuries respond successfully to conservative management, the absolute number of those that progress to chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) remains considerably important. This condition is characterized by persistent symptoms and may be associated with short-term and long-term complications and functional deficits. There is still a lack of ideal postoperative management of CLAI patients. Furthermore, an evidence-based rehabilitation phasing does not exist and most of the published studies regarding this subject suggest some protocols based on a wide variety of functional assessment scores and other modalities that are not accurate enough. Moreover, the literature that assesses the ability to return to work (RTW) and return to sport (RTS) in the general population and athletes operated for CLAI most commonly shows aggregated results with global rates of RTW or RTS without describing a detailed timeline based on the readiness of patients to return to each level of activity. Although stress radiographs and MRI have been assessed as potential tools to improve postoperative management of CLAI patients, the first modality is limited by its low sensitivity to detect laxity and the second one by its static character and its inability to predict neither the healing process phase nor the mechanical properties of the repaired/reconstructed ligaments. Bioelectrical impedance, mechanical impedance and near-infrared spectroscopy are non-invasive methods of measurement that could be potential assessment tools to help surgeons improve the postoperative management of patients after CLAI surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2020 the detected cases of breast cancer in Colombia were 15,509 of which 4,411 ended in death. The anticipate prognosis of this disease has become a research need because it can facilitate preventive treatment to avoid its lethality in an advanced stage. This paper proposes the DSM-BCD methodology (Data science methodology for breast cancer diagnosis) designed to speed up the diagnosis of breast cancer through the continuous improvement of Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques based on the insight of the oncology specialist and the feedback of knowledge according to the behavior of the data in the various techniques for the detection of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of nanotechnology in the diagnostics and therapeutics of diabetes has been widely known. In this paper, the authors have tried to comprehensively cover the recent advances in this field. After giving a brief account of diabetes and the limitations of the current anti-diabetic regime, the authors have discussed nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for diabetes, quality and safety evaluation parameters of nano-based anti-diabetic therapeutics, and the limitations of conventional anti-diabetic therapies overcome by nanotechnology. This article also discusses the clearance mechanisms and toxicity concerns of NPs based on anti-diabetic drugs. The authors have summarized the current trends and suggested future directions for nanotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing awareness of the genetic basis of disease is transforming the opportunities for improving patient care by accelerating the development, delivery and uptake of personalised medicine and diseases diagnostics. This can mean more precise treatments reaching the right patients at the right time at the right cost. But it will be possible only with a coherent European Union (EU) approach to regulation. For clinical and biological data, on which the EU is now legislating with its planned European Health Data Space (EHDS), it is crucial that the design of this new system respects the constraints also implicit in the testing which generates data. The current EHDS proposal may fail to meet this requirement. It risks being over-ambitious, while taking insufficient account of the demanding realities of data access in daily practice and current economics/business models. It is marred by imprecision and ambiguity, by overlaps with other EU legislation, and by lack of clarity on funding. This paper identifies key issues where legislators should ensure that the opportunities are not squandered by the adoption of over-hasty or ill-considered provisions that jeopardise the gains that could be made in improved healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern manufacturing systems are often installed with sensor networks which generate high-dimensional data at high velocity. These data streams offer valuable information about the industrial system's real-time performance. If a shift occurs in the manufacturing process, fault diagnosis based on the data streams becomes a fundamental task as it identifies the affected data streams and provides insights into the root cause. Existing fault diagnostic methods either ignore the correlation between different streams or fail to determine the shift directions. In this paper, we propose a directional fault classification procedure that incorporates the between-stream correlations. We suggest a three-state hidden Markov model that captures the correlation structure and enables inference about the shift direction. We show that our procedure is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the expected number of false discoveries while controlling the proportion of missed signals at a desired level. We also propose a deconvolution-expectation-maximization (DEM) algorithm for estimating the model parameters and establish the asymptotic optimality for the data-driven version of our procedure. Numerical comparisons with an existing approach and an application to a semiconductor production study show that the proposed procedure works well in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an improved procedure for conducting diagnostics tests on corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. This method consists in drilling cylindrical concrete cores with fragments of secondary steel reinforcement (e.g., spacer bars, stirrups, binders) from the selected areas of the structure. Then, a three-electrode system is arranged on those cylindrical cores under laboratory conditions. The fragment of steel rebar with concrete is used as the working electrode. Using the counter electrode in the form of a patented conductive coating applied on the core side wall with painting techniques and the graphite reference electrode placed in an opening made in the core near the reinforcement was the novelty of this method. Following the procedure, the occurrence of minimum and maximum corrosion rates in concrete is simulated in the climate chamber after determining, on the basis of historical weather data, extreme combinations of temperature, and relative humidity for a given structure. This method was verified in the diagnostics testing of two large reinforced concrete tanks for fresh water, and cement storage silos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a fully automated point-of-care device for protein quantification using short-DNA aptamers, where no manual sample preparation is needed. The device is based on our novel aptamer-based methodology combined with real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), which we employ for very sensitive protein quantification. DNA amplification through qPCR, sensing and real-time data processing are seamlessly integrated into a point-of-care device equipped with a disposable cartridge for automated sample preparation. The system's modular nature allows for easy assembly, adjustment and expansion towards a variety of biomarkers for applications in disease diagnostics and personalised medicine. Alongside the device description, we also present a new algorithm, which we named PeakFluo, to perform automated and real-time quantification of proteins. PeakFluo achieves better linearity than proprietary software from a commercially available qPCR machine, and it allows for early detection of the amplification signal. Additionally, we propose an alternative way to use the proposed device beyond the quantitative reading, which can provide clinically relevant advice. We demonstrate how a convolutional neural network algorithm trained on qPCR images can classify samples into high/low concentration classes. This method can help classify obese patients from their leptin values to optimise weight loss therapies in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monitoring of impeller blade vibrations is an important task in the diagnosis of turbomachinery, especially in terms of steam turbines. Early detection of potential faults is the key to avoid the risk of turbine unexpected outages and to minimize profit loss. One of the ways to achieve this is long-term monitoring. However, existing monitoring systems for impeller blade long-term monitoring are quite expensive and also require special sensors to be installed. It is even common that the impeller blades are not monitored at all. In recent years, the authors of this paper developed a new method of impeller blade monitoring that is based on relative shaft vibration signal measurement and analysis. In this case, sensors that are already standardly installed in the bearing pedestal are used. This is a significant change in the accessibility of blade monitoring for a steam turbine operator in terms of expenditures. This article describes the developed algorithm for the relative shaft vibration signal analysis that is designed to run in a long-term perspective as a part of a remote monitoring system to track the natural blade frequency and its amplitude automatically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are dangerous parasites of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). N. ceranae is more pathogenic and, nowadays, more widespread than N. apis. There are also cases of mixed infections or infections of only N. apis. Both N. apis and N. ceranae can lead to the weakening or death of A. mellifera colonies. It is crucial to make a fast and reliable diagnosis to monitor the disease and to start the correct treatment. Additionally, there is a need for further research on the pathogenicity of Nosema spp. and also on their prevalence in different regions of the world. In this paper, we present reliable diagnostic methods for Nosema spp. infection in honey bees and list the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We have also included basic information about nosemosis and the majority of diagnostic methods in order to provide a source of knowledge for veterinarians and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The way cells communicate is not fully understood. However, it is well-known that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved. Researchers initially thought that EVs were used by cells to remove cellular waste. It is now clear that EVs function as signaling molecules released by cells to communicate with one another, carrying a cargo representing the mother cell. Furthermore, these EVs can be found in all biological fluids, making them the perfect non-invasive diagnostic tool, as their cargo causes functional changes in the cells upon receiving, unlike synthetic drug carriers. EVs last longer in circulation and instigate minor immune responses, making them the perfect drug carrier. This review sheds light on the latest development in EVs isolation, characterization and, application as therapeutic cargo, novel drug loading techniques, and diagnostic tools. We also address the advancement in plant-derived EVs, their characteristics, and applications; since plant-derived EVs only recently gained focus, we listed the latest findings. Although there is much more to learn about, EV is a wide field of research; what scientists have discovered so far is fascinating. This paper is suitable for those new to the field seeking to understand EVs and those already familiar with it but wanting to review the latest findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precipitation sustains life and supports human activities, making its prediction one of the most societally relevant challenges in weather and climate modeling. Limitations in modeling precipitation underscore the need for diagnostics and metrics to evaluate precipitation in simulations and predictions. While routine use of basic metrics is important for documenting model skill, more sophisticated diagnostics and metrics aimed at connecting model biases to their sources and revealing precipitation characteristics relevant to how model precipitation is used are critical for improving models and their uses. This paper illustrates examples of exploratory diagnostics and metrics including 1) spatiotemporal characteristics metrics such as diurnal variability, probability of extremes, duration of dry spells, spectral characteristics, and spatiotemporal coherence of precipitation; 2) process-oriented metrics based on the rainfall–moisture coupling and temperature–water vapor environments of precipitation; and 3) phenomena-based metrics focusing on precipitation associated with weather phenomena including low pressure systems, mesoscale convective systems, frontal systems, and atmospheric rivers. Together, these diagnostics and metrics delineate the multifaceted and multiscale nature of precipitation, its relations with the environments, and its generation mechanisms. The metrics are applied to historical simulations from phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Models exhibit diverse skill as measured by the suite of metrics, with very few models consistently ranked as top or bottom performers compared to other models in multiple metrics. Analysis of model skill across metrics and models suggests possible relationships among subsets of metrics, motivating the need for more systematic analysis to understand model biases for informing model development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the key factors in reducing monetary poverty is the identification of its determinants. Using a logistic regression model and considering household poverty status (poor/non-poor) as the response variable, this paper attempts to identify the most promising factors associated with monetary poverty based on nationally representative data of 5,988 households from the Nepal Living Standard Survey (2010/11). The goodness of fit, classification, discrimination, and diagnostics of the fitted model is performed. Six factors, namely illiteracy of household head (OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.86-2.61), households receiving no remittance (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.64-2.20), households with no landholdings (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.31-1.78), households with poor access to market centers (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.52-2.07), households having more than two children under the age of 15 (OR: 4.69; 95% CI: 4.06-5.42) and households having no literate persons of working age (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.07-1.56) are significantly associated with the likelihood of poverty. Male-headed households are not better positioned than female-headed households concerning poverty level. The developed regression model has satisfied the test of goodness of fit of the model and reasonably satisfied the regression diagnostics through visual assessment. As several risk factors associated with poverty increase, the likelihood of a household being poor increases substantially. This analysis is expected to be helpful for the concerned authority to reframe the policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy is one of the most common brain diseases that affects more than 1% of the world's population. It is characterized by recurrent seizures, which come in different types and are treated differently. Electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly used in medical services to diagnose seizures and their types. The accurate identification of seizures helps to provide optimal treatment and accurate information to the patient. However, the manual diagnostic procedures of epileptic seizures are laborious and require professional skills. This paper presents a novel automatic technique that involves the extraction of specific features from epileptic seizures' EEG signals using dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) and classifying them into one of the seven types of seizures, including absence, complex-partial, focal non-specific, generalized non-specific, simple-partial, tonic-clonic, and tonic seizures. We evaluated the proposed technique on the TUH EEG Seizure Corpus (TUSZ) ver.1.5.2 dataset and compared the performance with the existing state-of-the-art techniques using the overall F1-score due to class imbalance of seizure types. Our proposed technique achieved the best results of a weighted F1-score of 99.1% and 74.7% for seizure-wise and patient-wise classification, respectively, thereby setting new benchmark results for this dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased presence of medical AI in clinical use raises the ethical question which standard of explainability is required for an acceptable and responsible implementation of AI-based applications in medical contexts. In this paper, we elaborate on the emerging debate surrounding the standards of explainability for medical AI. For this, we first distinguish several goods explainability is usually considered to contribute to the use of AI in general, and medical AI in specific. Second, we propose to understand the value of explainability relative to other available norms of explainable decision-making. Third, in pointing out that we usually accept heuristics and uses of bounded rationality for medical decision-making by physicians, we argue that the explainability of medical decisions should not be measured against an idealized diagnostic process, but according to practical considerations. We conclude, fourth, to resolve the issue of explainability-standards by relocating the issue to the AI's certifiability and interpretability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a mathematical model for a hydromechanical fuel governor pump, to be used in parametric diagnostics. the design and operation of the governor are described. the main requirements of the model are formulated, its structure is determined, corresponding to the specifics of the diagnostic task, and assumptions to make the model simpler are presented (single-dimensional flow and absence of heat exchange). the presented model consists of idealized elements with lumped parameters (such as pressure and mass consumption of the working fluid), accounting for the compressibility of the substance and the design arrangement of the governor (presence of mechanical rests, metering orifices of complex shapes, relay switchers, etc.). equations of elements with lumped parameters, linked by hydraulic channels in one node, are presented. the model -- a system of first-order differential-algebraic equations -- is solved and the parameters of the governor pump are determined for different steady-state and transient operation modes. We compare our results to the requirements for the corresponding parameters outlined in the engineering Specifications. the model is matched to the specifications by correcting setting parameters (tightening of elastic springs, areas of throttles, etc.), and a method of initial model linearization is developed. Based on the results, we conclude that our model can be used as a diagnostic algorithm for a governor pump, at the testing and development stages, during manufacturing, repair and maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new paradigm of emergency R&D has transformed global health. Beginning with the 2014–2016 Ebola virus disease epidemic in West Africa, experimental product development has been propelled to the frontlines of outbreak response, radically compressing timelines and unsettling regulatory standards, biosecurity strategies and humanitarian protocols. This paper examines these emerging epistemic practices and ethical norms as they played out in the creation of rapid diagnostic tests for Ebola, Zika and COVID-19. In each of these viral public health crises, new platforms for quick detection have been the principal load-bearing pillar of outbreak response, and the effort to speed up their development illuminates the fragile set of accommodations between public health needs and commercial interests that obtain under conditions of emergency. The World Health Organization's role in stimulating and coordinating the development of these tools provides our analytical through-line, and reveals, we argue, the limitations of an accelerationist model of global health innovation organized around the concept of 'market failure'. The evolution of this paradigm of 'emergency R&D' into a permanent feature of pandemic preparedness will further narrow our imagination of how global health goods should be construed and provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronaviruses have caused devastation in both human and animal populations, affecting both health and the economy. Amidst the emergence and re-emergence of coronaviruses, humans need to surmount the health and economic threat of coronaviruses through science and evidence-based approaches. One of these approaches is through biotechnology, particularly the heterologous production of biopharmaceutical proteins. This review article briefly describes the genome, general virion morphology, and key structural proteins of different coronaviruses affecting animals and humans. In addition, this review paper also presents the different systems in recombinant protein technology such as bacteria, yeasts, plants, mammalian cells, and insect/insect cells systems used to express key structural proteins in the development of countermeasures such as diagnostics, prophylaxis, and therapeutics in the challenging era of coronaviruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]