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The May 2022 proposal from the European commission for a 'European health data space' envisages advantages for health from exploiting the growing mass of health data in Europe. However, key stakeholders have identified aspects that demand clarification to ensure success. Data will need to be freed from traditional silos to flow more easily and to cross artificial borders. Wide engagement will be necessary among healthcare professionals, researchers, and the patients and citizens that stand to gain the most but whose trust must be won if they are to allow use or transfer of their data. This paper aims to alert the wider scientific community to the impact the ongoing discussions among lawmakers will have. Based on the literature and the consensus findings of an expert multistakeholder panel organised by the European Alliance for Personalised Medicine (EAPM) in June 2022, it highlights the key issues at the intersection of science and policy, and the potential implications for health research for years, perhaps decades, to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution has become a global issue due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Bad air quality is Europe's most significant environmental health risk, causing serious health problems. External air pollution is not the only issue; internal air pollution is just as severe and can also lead to adverse health outcomes. IoT is a practical approach for monitoring and publishing real-time air quality information. Numerous IoT-based air quality monitoring systems have been proposed using micro-sensors for data collection. These systems are designed for outdoor air quality monitoring. They use sensors to measure air quality parameters such as C O 2 , C O , P M 10 , N O 2 , temperature, and humidity. The data are acquired with a set of sensors placed on an electric car. They are then sent to the server. Users can subscribe to the list and receive information about local pollution. This system allows real-time localized air quality monitoring and sending data to customers. The work additionally presents a secure data transmission protocol ensuring system security. This protocol provides system-wide attack resiliency and interception, which is what existing solutions do not offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Development of nodes suited for UG2AG data transmission based on LoRa technology. • Evaluation of 433 MHz and 868 MHz radio modules in the regard of European regulations. • Experiments in real conditions on an open field at 15 and 30 cm burial depths. • Improved performance by placing the emitting antenna directly in contact with the soil. • Interest of the inclination and orientation of the receiving antenna. The development of Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) is currently receiving significant attention to collect data underground all along the year without impacting aboveground activities. Although the opportunities are promising for sectors as agriculture and environment monitoring, the task is particularly challenging as the radio waves are significantly more attenuated in the soil in comparison with in the air. In addition, the communication ranges are highly impacted by some operating and environmental conditions as the soil moisture, its composition and compaction as well as the burial depth of the nodes. In this paper, we developed two sets of nodes operating at 433 MHz and 868 MHz based on the LoRa technology which is the physical layer of the Low Power Wide Area Network LoRaWAN and initially developed for aboveground IoT applications. We successively tested these nodes in real conditions on underground to aboveground (UG2AG) data transmissions and with various operating conditions and radio parameters. First results highlighted the interest of the 868 MHz radio modules tuned at the maximal allowed transmit power in Europe (+14 dBm/25 mW), in comparison with the 433 MHz radio modules (+10 dBm/10 mW). Next results enabled to point out the importance of the inclination of the receiving antenna but also the impact of the burial depth of the emitting node, as well as the interest to place the emitting antenna directly in contact with the soil. The best configuration enabled to reach UG2AG ranges of more than 275 meters long with low depth buried nodes (15 to 30 cm), that clearly enables to envision agriculture and environment monitoring applications based on such radio modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]