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Background: The Yi people are a sociolinguistic group living in Mile City, which is their typical settlement in southeastern Yunnan, China. Over the long history of using medicinal plants, the Yi people have accumulated and developed a wealth of traditional medicinal knowledge, which has played a vital role in their health care. However, only a few studies have been performed to systematically document the medicinal plants commonly used by the Yi people. This study provides fundamental data for the development and application of ethnomedicine as well as supports the conservation of the traditional medical knowledge of the Yi people. Methods: This study was conducted from May 2020 to August 2022 and involved five townships in Mile. Information regarding medicinal plants was obtained through semistructured interviews, key informant interviews, and participatory observation. The collected voucher specimens were identified using the botanical taxonomy method and deposited in the herbarium. Ethnobotanical data were analyzed using informant consensus factor, relative frequency of citation, and fidelity level. Results: In total, 114 informants distributed in five townships of Mile were interviewed. The Yi people used 267 medicinal plant species belonging to 232 genera and 104 families to treat various diseases. Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Fabaceae were the most commonly used plant families by the Yi people. In addition, herbs were most commonly used by the Yi people. Whole plants and roots were the preferred medicinal parts. Decoctions were the most common method of herbal medicine preparation. There are 49 different recorded diseases treated by Yi medicinal plants, and among them, respiratory diseases, rheumatism, traumatic injury, fractures, and digestive system diseases have the largest number of species used. A quantitative analysis demonstrated that plants such as Zingiber officinale, Lycopodium japonicum, Aconitum carmichaelii, Panax notoginseng, Cyathula officinalis, and Leonurus japonicus played crucial roles in disease prevention and treatment. Conclusion: Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is closely associated with the social culture of the local Yi people. The medicinal plants used for health care in the study area were diverse. Local healers were skilled at using medicinal plants to treat various diseases. Their treatment methods were convenient and unique, exhibiting distinctive regional characteristics. However, the inheritance of their traditional medicinal knowledge and protection of wild medicinal plant resources are facing serious challenges, including the decreasing number of local healers, aging of healers, lack of successors, and excessive harvesting of medicinal plant resources. This ethnobotanical survey provides a useful reference for the sustainable utilization and protection of medicinal plant resources in Mile and the inheritance of traditional medicinal knowledge of the Yi people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. To measure nursing clinical teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices about nursing students (NSs) suffering from workplace violence (WPV) in China. Background. The nursing clinical teacher is the most important person for NS during the clinical rotation. In contrast, there is a lack of investigation into the ability of nursing clinical teachers to manage NSs suffering from WPV. Method. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Hubei province, China, between June and July 2022. Convenience sampling was employed to recruit clinical teachers in 9 tertiary hospitals who met the inclusion criteria. The survey was conducted using a self-designed questionnaire which has good reliability and validity. Questionnaires were collected through a web-based platform called Questionnaire Star in China. In July 2022, a total of 900 questionnaires were eventually distributed, and 869 valid questionnaires were returned. The software SPSS 26.0 was used to conduct descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Result. The mean ± SD knowledge, attitudes, and practices scores of the nursing clinical teachers were 69.51 ± 12.78, 29.11 ± 4.38, and 82.84 ± 13.60, respectively. Also, the average score rate was 77.24%, 83.17%, and 87.20%, respectively. There are still deficiencies in the knowledge, attitudes, and practices index, such as knowledge about the sources of violence, perceptions about influencing factors, and behavioural practices for prevention. Factors affecting the knowledge index scores included teachers' age, highest academic degree obtained, years of work, the highest level of education that they could teach NSs, whether they had experienced WPV, whether they had witnessed NSs suffering from WPV, and whether their NSs had suffered from WPV. Factors affecting scores on the attitude index included the age, highest academic degree obtained, years of work, the highest level of education that they could teach NSs, and whether they had received training on prevention and coping with WPV. Factors influencing the score for the practice index included the working department, highest academic degree obtained, professional title, the highest level of education that they could teach NSs, and whether they had received training on prevention and coping with WPV. Conclusion. Nursing clinical teachers showed moderate levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices about NSs suffering from WPV. The deficiencies mainly focused on the sources, manifestations, influencing factors, and preventive strategies of it. Also, nursing clinical teachers should be trained to better prevent and cope with WPV suffered by NSs. At the same time, in order to better protect and teach NSs, the selection criteria for nursing clinical teachers should be stricter, with requirements on age, education, years of working experience, and titles. Implications for Nursing Management. With nursing clinical teachers as the training target, health organizations and institutions should actively develop training related to preventing and coping with NSs suffering from WPV. Also, it should be incorporated into the preservice training system for nursing clinical teachers. The content of training could focus on the sources, manifestations, influencing factors, and prevention strategies of NSs suffering from WPV. The method could be online theoretical teaching combined with offline scenario simulation exercises. At the same time, strict admission criteria for nursing clinical teachers can be helpful in protecting the safety of NSs during the clinical rotation phase. For nursing managers, they should be kept abreast of organisational policies and adopt a zero-tolerance policy towards violence. It also can be recommended that nursing clinical teachers should be proactively involved in training to improve their own ability to protect NSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigated the frequency of child restraint system (CRS) use in cars and assessed parental knowledge and attitudes toward such restraint systems in western China. Study Design: Cross‐sectional survey. Methods: This cross‐sectional survey was conducted between December 2021 and January 2022. Hospitals and kindergartens were convenience sampling selected, and parents with cars were asked whether they owned and used CRS. Parents' knowledge and attitudes toward such systems were also determined. Factors associated with CRS were explored using binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 4764 questionnaires were distributed to parents with children 0–6 years old. Among the 4455 responses received, 50.8% of the respondents owned CRS, and most of which were front‐facing child seats (42.0%). Less than half (44.4%) reported using a CRS sometimes, but only 19.6% used it all the time. The possession and use of a CRS varied significantly with the parental education level, age of the child, place of residence, number of children, family income, travel frequency, and travel distance. Logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency of car travel with a child and monthly family income significantly affected CRS use. Most parents (85.2%) perceived that adult seat belt in cars are effective at protecting their children in the event of a crash. The most frequent reason for not using a CRS was the tendency for children to travel in the car less often. Conclusions: Although approximately half of the respondents owned a CRS, most of them used it rarely, if at all. Educating parents about safe ways for children to ride in a car and use of safety belts may promote CRS use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ChatGPT, a language model developed by OpenAI, uses a 175 billion parameter Transformer architecture for natural language processing tasks. This study aimed to compare the knowledge and interpretation ability of ChatGPT with those of medical students in China by administering the Chinese National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE) to both ChatGPT and medical students. We evaluated the performance of ChatGPT in three years' worth of the NMLE, which consists of four units. At the same time, the exam results were compared to those of medical students who had studied for five years at medical colleges. ChatGPT's performance was lower than that of the medical students, and ChatGPT's correct answer rate was related to the year in which the exam questions were released. ChatGPT's knowledge and interpretation ability for the NMLE were not yet comparable to those of medical students in China. It is probable that these abilities will improve through deep learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Studies: Captioning and repetition are widely used multimedia instructional devices for non‐native students. Generally, studies in this area have tended to focus on second language literacy skills rather than on learning new content knowledge. Additionally, posttests were administered immediately after the treatments, while the delayed influences of captioning and repetition have never been investigated. Objectives: This paper addressed these research gaps in two separate studies. More specifically, this study attempted to examine the influences of captioning and repetition on non‐native students' immediate and relayed retention. Methods: In Study One, three captioning conditions; word‐by‐word captions, closed captions, and no‐captions; were compared to examine their efficacies in immediate and delayed content knowledge retention on 82 Chinese university students. To address the limitations in Study One as the multimedia lesson was short and played only once, Study Two incorporated captioning and two repetition types in its design. One hundred and eleven Chinese university students watch a video lesson in one of four captioning and repetition conditions. Results: The statistical analyses of Study One indicated that there were no significant differences in both immediate and delayed retention test scores across the three captioning condition. Similarly, in Study Two, there were no significant differences in retention tests scores across the four captioning and repetition conditions. Findings: Neither the availability of captions nor the repetition types had any impact on the Chinese students' immediate or delayed content knowledge retention, which lent support to existing studies. Based on the research results, the limitations and future study possibilities are discussed. Lay Description: What Is Already Known About This TopicEmpirical studies on captioning have focused on immediate learning right after the treatment, so have studies on repetition.Empirical studies on multimedia lessons for non‐native students have focused on English language learning. What This Paper AddsThree types of captioning were compared to examine their efficacies in both immediate and delayed content retention of Chinese students.Two types of repetition were compared to examine their efficacies in both immediate and delayed content retention of Chinese students. Implications for Practice and/or Policy:Neither the availability of captions nor the repetition types had any impact on the Chinese students' immediate or delayed content knowledge retention.The availability of textual keywords adjacent to their corresponding graphics might have compromised the efficacy of captioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to promote exercise prehabilitation in patients with end-stage liver disease during their waiting period for liver transplantation. Introduction: End-stage liver disease indirectly contributes to the development of sarcopenia and affects survival after liver transplantation because of low physiological reserves and insufficient aerobic capacity while awaiting transplantation. Exercise prehabilitation could reduce postoperative complications and promote postoperative recovery. Methods: Following the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System, this study used six audit criteria derived from the JBI Evidence Summary. A baseline audit of six patients and nine nurses was conducted, analyzed barriers, established a prehabilitation process and improved interventions, followed by the implementation of exercise prehabilitation and follow-up audit. Results: In the baseline audit, the results of the six criteria [(1) multimodal prehabilitation that includes exercise and other interventions where appropriate is offered to patients scheduled for abdominal surgery; (2) prior to the commencement of an exercise program an assessment of exercise contraindications, health status, treatments, physical activity level, functional capacity and quality of life is completed; (3) exercise programs are designed by appropriately qualified personnel; (4) exercise is delivered and supervised by appropriately qualified personnel; (5) exercise prescription is tailored to each individual patient; and (6) patient response to exercise is monitored throughout prehabilitation] were 0–22%. After implementing the best-practice strategies, all six criteria were set to 100%. Patients were aware of and had high compliance with exercise prehabilitation, nurses' and patients' knowledge of exercise rehabilitation improved, and nurses' implementation rate was significantly higher than before implementation (P  < 0.05). The differences in the 6 min walking distance and Borg Fatigue Score between the preimplementation and postimplementation were statistically significant (all P  < 0.05). Conclusions: This best-practice implementation project is feasible. These results indicate that exercise prehabilitation could improve the preoperative walking capacity and fatigue of patients with end-stage liver disease. Ongoing best practices will be expected to develop in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to gain insight into factors affecting career adaptability of newly graduated nurses and ways to improve them. Background: Newly graduated nurses face an important transition from student to professional. Unfortunately, the nurse turnover rate is high due to maladaptation. Factors influencing career adaptability and improvement methods have not been clearly addressed. Methods: Using a descriptive qualitative study with thematic analysis, 15 newly graduated nurses from a tertiary obstetrics and gynaecology teaching hospital in China were interviewed. Results: Six themes affecting career adaptability were found: personality, self‐confidence, occupational care focus, work‐related stress, basic professional competency and gap between reality and expectations. Four themes improving career adaptability were identified: strong social support, self‐adjustment, self‐development and career preparation. Eight subthemes were also identified. Conclusions: Individual, family and work factors were among those affecting career adaptability among newly graduated nurses. Newly graduated nurses would improve their career adaptability through self‐adjustment and social support. Helping them to promote these factors and measures is conducive to improving their career adaptability and reducing staff turnover. Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse managers should be aware of the key factors affecting career adaptability among newly graduated nurses and design targeted improvement programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Folk plant nomenclature is a part of knowledge of indigenous people often used to distinguish plant species. This study aimed to document the folk botanical nomenclature of the Yi people in Xiaoliangshan, Yunnan Province, which has not been systematically investigated to date. The results of this study will assist in conserving biodiversity and the language of the Yi people and will promote the transmission of ethnobotanical knowledge. Methods: An ethnobotanical survey of plants used by the Yi people in Xiaoliangshan, Yunnan Province, was conducted from September 2019 to August 2021. Semi-structured interviews and key informant interviews were conducted to collect and document ethnobotanical information, which was then used to analyse the folk botanical nomenclature of the Yi people. In addition, the folk names of plants used by the Xiaoliangshan Yi community were compared with those of the Yi people living in the Daliangshan, where the environment is considerably different. Results: In this study, 266 informants were interviewed, and the names of 228 indigenous plants were extracted from 3088 use reports. The nomenclature used by the local Yi people is based on plant characteristics, plant habitat, plant use, and the local culture. By comparing the folk plant names of the Yi people in Xiaoliangshan with those of the Yi people in Daliangshan, we found that the plant names of the two places have some similarities and also with their own unique characters. The important folk plant names of the Yi people in Xiaoliangshan usually have a monosyllable non-binomial structure or have and "divine attributes" in their names. Conclusions: The Yi people in Xiaoliangshan have a rich and diverse knowledge of plant naming determined by cultural, and environmental factors. The botanical nomenclature of the Yi people has distinct rules and characteristics, and the plant naming directly includes important plants that they believe to be used and protected, which is of great significance to the protection of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dulong (Drung people) are one of the ethnic minorities of China, consisting of a small population living in remote and mountainous regions with limited facilities. Over the years, the Dulong have maintained their livelihood by collecting wild medicinal and edible plants. Therefore, through their experience and understanding, they had accumulated sufficient traditional knowledge about local plant resources. Since ancient times, wild edible plants have been essential to the food security of the Dulong people. However, there is almost no comprehensive report available on WEPs consumed by the Dulong people. The objectives of this study were to: (1) make a systematic study of WEPs used by Dulong people, (2) record traditional knowledge related to WEPs, (3) analyze multiple uses of WEPs, and (4) evaluate species with significant cultural significance to Dulong people. Methods: Ethnobotanical survey including free listing, semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews and participatory observations was conducted in Dulongjiang Township, Gongshan County, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. A total of 127 informants were selected using the snowball method and information about WEPs, including vernacular name, food categories, parts used, mode of consumption, collection season, and other local uses were collected. The RFC and CFSI were calculated to identify the most culturally significant WEPs. One-way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate whether the four reference variables (gender, age, occupation, and education) significantly influenced the number of plant species mentioned by the respondents. Results and discussion: A total of 148 species of WEPs consumed by the Dulong people belonging to 58 families were collected, including wild vegetables (71), wild fruits (52), staple food substitutes (15), spices (7), nuts (4), tea substitute (2), liquor making materials (3) oils and fats (3), and culinary coagulants (1). WEPs are used in a number of different ways, including as fuelwood, feed, and medicine. Food substitute plants accounted for the majority of the top 27 wild food plants identified by RFC and CFSI. It was observed that farmers have more knowledge of WEPs, and moderate education level informants reported less WEPs used. Conclusion: The WEPs used by the Dulong people are diverse and abundant in the Dulongjiang region. In the future, WEPs such as Maianthemum atropurpureum, Caryota obtusa, Cardiocrinum giganteum, and Angiopteris esculenta with economic potential can be developed to provide a source of income for the residents. More studies of the nutritional value, chemical composition, and biological activities of WEPs are needed. The demands and development of local communities can be realized under the premise of protecting WEPs and the associated traditional knowledge. More attention should be paid to the value of WEP and underutilized plants during future rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General cognitive and specific numerical abilities that underlay mathematical performance have been heavily investigated among hearing students; however, the inquiry has rarely been applied to students who are deaf or hard-of-hearing (d/Dhh). We examined whether general cognitive abilities (i.e. nonverbal IQ, processing speed, and spatial ability) and specific numerical abilities (i.e. symbolic and non-symbolic numerical magnitude processing) are related to mathematics achievement in 198 d/Dhh students in Grades 3 to 9. The results of our regression models indicated that, the three general cognitive abilities independently explained the variance in mathematics achievement when entered in one step; and spatial ability and processing speed had an independent contribution to mathematics achievement in the presence of the specific numerical abilities. The specific numerical abilities independently explained the variance in mathematics achievement when entered in one step; however, none of them had an independent contribution to mathematics achievement in the presence of the general cognitive abilities. These findings suggested that mathematics achievement in d/Dhh students depended more on general cognitive abilities, such as spatial ability and processing speed, than on specific numerical abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increased popularity of mobile learning, there is a growing demand on the understanding of how the scalable technology, such as mobile devices, influences individual learning behaviours as well as their learning outcome. A theoretical model was built based on the adaptive structuration theory (AST) and the knowledge spiral theory. Using this model, we examined the relationship between structural sources, individuals' adaptive structural behaviours, and their perceived learning. A Structural Equation Modeling method was employed in our empirical study. Findings indicate that users' task adaptation had a positive influence on their perceived learning, In addition, their exploitive technology adaptation influenced the ultimate perceived learning, but the impact of users' exploratory technology adaptation on learning was mediated by their task adaptation. Contrary to expectations, the effect of computer self-efficacy on exploitive and exploratory technology adaptation was negative, and exploratory technology adaptation negatively affected exploitive task adaptation. A detailed discussion of the findings and implications are provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]