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Goal: This paper performs a literature review to identify and analyze the main gaps related to crisis management and risk management in the engineering projects context. Design / Methodology / Approach: A literature review research design was carried out merging bibliometrics, network and qualitative and quantitative content analysis. Data were obtained from the scientific database Scopus. Results: Publications per year illustrates that in 2016 as concentrated the major number of papers. Only 1% of the authors published 4 papers about models for software engineering risks analysis and reduction. The paper distribution by country shows that the United States has the highest percentage, about 16% of the total. The network of co-occurrence of all keywords has three well-defined clusters. Limitations of the investigation: The quantity of papers analyzed and the selection of a single database. Practical implications: This research encourages project managers to develop pertinent skills for crisis management and risk management in the engineering projects context. Furthermore, this study can guide decision-makers on how to manage risks during the crisis, and also highlights the importance of creating a lessons learned database. Originality / Value: The current study can contribute to companies catching lessons learned from literature, helping project managers to motivate the team during the crisis scenarios, to perform an effective struggle during the crisis, and to turn to the former position in a short time after the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Great Recession led to a large decline in economic activity throughout the entire United States with significant variation in its severity across regions. Our paper examines the role of economic freedom in explaining these differences at the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) level. We use the Stansel (2013; 2019) MSA-level economic freedom index to analyze the relationship between institutional quality and economic outcomes throughout the crisis period. Using a panel dataset of 382 MSAs from 2002 to 2012, we find that economic freedom is associated with enhanced economic outcomes – lower unemployment rates, more employment per 100 persons, and higher income per capita. This holds true even when examining a cross-section of MSAs using data from the crisis period alone. We supplement these findings with a matching analysis where we find that MSAs that experienced meaningful increases in economic freedom in the five-year period before the Great Recession (2002–2007) had quicker recoveries – in terms of unemployment rates and income – than their matched counterfactuals from 2007 to 2012. Overall, our findings suggest that economic freedom did "lighten the blow" from the Great Recession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article theorizes how crises and markets shape the responses of consumers and producer organizations. We advance four propositions: 1) if a crisis requires major revisions in operational rules, less-exit sensitive (i.e., monopoly-like) organizations shall revise to aggregate preferences of organized producers; and more-exit sensitive (market-oriented) organizations, to the preferences of individual consumers; 2) if a sustained crisis widens the gap between incumbent organizations and consumer preferences, more consumers shall exit to alternative organizations; 3) if the incumbent organization controls valued resources, consumers shall select more-bounded exit options, which retain formal-legal ties with the incumbent; and 4) compared to less-bounded exit, more-bounded exit options shall enhance consumers' collective voice about incumbent organizations. We inductively derive our theory from an exploratory analysis of educational organizations in US and South Korea during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. Many consumers were dissatisfied with regular-public schools and considered various exit alternatives, including non-regular schools (e.g., private, charter [US], homeschooling [US], special-purpose [Korea]) and private supplemental education. Compared to less-bounded exit (e.g., private schools), more-bounded exit options (e.g., charter, PSE) grew more, and contributed more to consumer voice about regular-public schools, during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Guided by the Comprehensive Model of Information Seeking (CMIS), this article identifies significant predictors that impact individuals seeking COVID-19 information. People with different political ideologies read contradictory information about the COVID-19 pandemic. However, how political ideology may affect COVID-19 information seeking remains unclear. This study explores the major information channels for individuals with different political ideologies to seek COVID-19 information. It further examines how political ideologies influence CMIS's effectiveness in predicting online health information-seeking. Design/methodology/approach: This study collected 394 completed survey responses from adults living in the United States after the 2020 lockdown. ANOVA analyses revealed the differences in salience, beliefs, information carrier characteristics, utilities and information-seeking actions between Liberals and Conservatives. Regression analyses discovered variables that predict Liberals' and Conservatives' online health information seeking. Findings: Results suggest that the internet is the top channel for COVID-19 information seeking. Compared to Conservatives, Liberals report more COVID-19 information-seeking actions. Liberals also express stronger salience, perceive higher trustworthiness of online COVID-19 information, are more likely to think of seeking online COVID-19 information as useful and helpful and report more substantial efficacy to mitigate the risk. Most CMIS variables predict Liberals' information seeking; however, only salience significantly predicts Conservatives' information seeking. Originality/value: This article indicates that CMIS should include political ideology to refine its prediction of information seeking. These findings offer practical implications for designing health messages, enhancing information distribution and reducing the public's uncertainty. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-08-2022-0436. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This analysis seeks to demonstrate the theoretical and empirical salience of the 'law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall' in relation to the concrete evolution of the US economy between 1950 and 2020. The theoretical-methodological approach adopted in this study is based on the work of Shane Mage and Murray E.G. Smith. This approach re-specifies the Marxian value categories and ratios for purposes of empirically operationalizing them as a theory of fundamental capitalist dynamics using national accounting data. Contributions include (1) the treatment of systemically necessary unproductive labour as a 'constant capital overhead cost' and (2) a method of managing 'fictitious profits' that are imputed into the national accounts and thereby enabling a more realistic estimate of 'social surplus value' (the numerator of the Marxian average rate of profit) in what has become an 'era of fictitious capital'. The empirical findings reveal a persistent rise in the organic composition of capital, as well as a rise in the rate of surplus value, accompanied by a long-term downward trend in the average rate of profit in the postwar US economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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