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Through a survey of Italian Physicians in the post-COVID era, we found that Burnout and Fear of being infected by COVID-19 (as risk factors) increased physicians' turnover intention. On the contrary, self-efficacy proved to be a protective factor in preventing turnover intention, decreasing both burnout and Fear of being infected. Purpose: This research investigates risk and protective factors affecting physicians' turnover intention during the post–COVID-19 era. Design/Methodology/Approach: A cross-sectional online survey study of 958 physicians working in Lombardy (Northern Italy) hospitals was conducted. Findings: In the post–COVID-19 era, burnout significantly increases physicians' turnover intention. The same is true for fear of being infected by COVID-19 (FIC), which indirectly affects turnover intention via burnout. The higher FIC and burnout, the higher intention to leave the job or working unity. Self-efficacy significantly decreases turnover intention by reducing FIC and burnout. Originality/Value: Implementing turnover preventive programs in healthcare professionals is essential, mainly reducing BO and promoting physicians' personal resources, such as self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]