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Corporate governance theories suggest that concentrated ownership can be a mechanism for addressing the agency problem in a firm, and large shareholders matter for managerial decisions. Theoretically, the effect of large shareholders on innovation proxied by R&D is not determined yet, since their risk averseness and long-term time horizon affect R&D investment in opposite direction. It is quite unclear which effect is dominant. Thus, this issue should be explored by empirical evidence. The effect of ownership concentration on R&D investment is empirically examined by using firm-level panel data of Korea between 1980 and 2018. The empirical findings are: i) the effect of ownership on R&D is negative; ii) a bell-shaped relationship between ownership and R&D is observed; iii) the negative effect of ownership on R&D is found in old firms only; iv) the effect of ownership on R&D is positive for large firms and negative for small firms; and v) the effect of ownership on R&D is positive before the financial crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research foremost intention is to investigate the corporate governance structure effect on the firm's performance of the Indian-listed companies. The study was based on a six-year financial figure from FY 2014–2015 to FY 2019–2020 of Indian-listed companies on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The study applied the panel data statics model such as pooled OLS, fixed effect and random effect model, Hausman test and the Sys-GMM models for testing the study hypotheses. The study findings indicate that higher board size has a positive significant impact with the ROA, Tobin's Q on the firm's performance, and this helps in strengthen the decision-making process. Besides, the study results show statistically insignificant correlation among the ROA, EPS and NPM with the board independence. The results also reflected the positively correlation among the board meetings and the performance indicators of Tobin's Q, and these scenarios lead to that enhancement of corporate governance practices. Besides, the results negatively revealed correlation amongst the ROE, NPM and corporate governance indicators of CEO duality. The results of the study suggested that companies likely implement proper corporate governance practices leading to sophisticated effectiveness in firm's performance and minimize agency cost. The study attempted corporate governance issues with the several different measures and firm's variables other than using a single-measure context. Additionally, various model descriptions and statistical techniques are applied for analyzing the corporate governance structure and firm-related performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]