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Oscillations appear in all levels of biological organization. Oscillatory phenomena do not always possess a simple periodic nature. In this work, we analyze a gene transcriptional network in which we assume an almost periodic input that regulates gene. We use an almost periodic input k (t) since a periodic one is very restrictive. We show that the almost periodic model proposed has a unique almost periodic attractor. Numerical simulations show that the retroactivity is highly affected when an almost periodic input is used in an upstream system that is interconnected to a downstream system. By comparison of the solutions of the model, we can conclude that when the amount of protein bound to the promoter is modeled by either a periodic function or an almost periodic one, which is denoted by k (t) , the amount of protein concentration X can be underestimated or overestimated depending on if k (t) is modeling by a periodic or an almost periodic function. These estimation errors can lead to an error in the quantification of retroactivity which in turn can alter the coordination between an upstream system and a downstream one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We incorporate almost periodic functions in a mosquito model to take into account a loss of synchronicity in the population dynamics of mosquitoes due to climate change. The model takes into account the skip oviposition strategy that is associated with the mosquitoes that are vectors of infectious diseases as dengue, malaria and leishmaniasis. We prove existence and uniqueness of a stable almost periodic solution for some conditions over the parameters of the model. Numerical simulations are performed using values estimated for the life cycle of Aedes albopictus gathered in literature. The results show that the vector population can be underestimated or overestimated if an almost periodic dynamics is approximated by a periodic dynamics. Therefore, using an almost seasonal model can be more adequate to design breeding habitat-targeted mosquito control strategies when seasonal drivers are modeled since climate-mediated shifts can induce a loss of periodicity in environmental drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]