Search

Rosalia funebris (RFUNE; Cerambycidae), the banded alder borer, is a longhorn beetle whose larvae feed on the wood of various economically and ecologically significant trees in western North America. Adults are short-lived and not known to consume plant material substantially. We sequenced, assembled, and annotated the RFUNE genome using HiFi and RNASeq data. We documented genome architecture and gene content, focusing on genes putatively involved in plant feeding (phytophagy). Comparisons were made to the well-studied genome of the Asian longhorned beetle (AGLAB; Anoplophora glabripennis) and other Cerambycidae. The 814 Mb RFUNE genome assembly was distributed across 42 contigs, with an N50 of 30.18 Mb. Repetitive sequences comprised 60.27% of the genome, and 99.0% of expected single-copy orthologous genes were fully assembled. We identified 12,657 genes, fewer than in the four other species studied, and 46.4% fewer than for Aromia moschata (same subfamily as RFUNE). Of the 7,258 orthogroups shared between RFUNE and AGLAB, 1,461 had more copies in AGLAB and 1,023 had more copies in RFUNE. We identified 240 genes in RFUNE that putatively arose via horizontal transfer events. The RFUNE genome encoded substantially fewer putative plant cell wall degrading enzymes than AGLAB, which may relate to the longer-lived plant-feeding adults of the latter species. The RFUNE genome provides new insights into cerambycid genome architecture and gene content and provides a new vantage point from which to study the evolution and genomic basis of phytophagy in beetles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anoplophora chinensis Forster (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a highly polyphagous and invasive species native to East Asia that makes tunnels in the stems of a variety of broad-leaved plant species and cultivated plant species, as well as citrus and hazelnut. In this study, we collected A. chinensis from hazelnut orchards in Sakarya province of Türkiye, and subsequently recovered the parasitoid Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) from dead adult beetles. The present study reports M. scalaris as a new natural enemy of A. chinensis, and more study is needed on this species' behaviour and biological parameters as a parasitoid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2009, we determined the effects of the enantiomeric composition of the kairomone, α-pinene, on trap catches of arboreal beetles (Coleoptera) in stands of eastern pine trees with resin dominated by (+)-α-pinene. We hypothesized that the responses of beetles would correlate with the predominant enantiomer of α-pinene found in host pines. Lures of (+)-, racemic (±), and (−)-α-pinene were added separately to ethanol-baited multiple-funnel traps. Species such as Monarthrum mali (Fitch), Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier), Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff), and Pachylobius picivorus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) showed a preference for traps co-baited with (–)-α-pinene. α-Pinene enhanced attraction of Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff, Hylastes porculus Erickson and Hylastes tenuis Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to ethanol-baited traps with no effects from enantiomeric composition of α-pinene. The attraction of the ambrosia beetles, Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg) and Dryoxylon onoharaense (Murayama) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to ethanol-baited traps was interrupted by the addition of α-pinene, regardless of enantiomeric composition. Species such as Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford), Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford) and Stenoscelis brevis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were unaffected by the presence of α-pinene. Trap catches of some species of longhorn beetles and bark beetle predators (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Cleridae, Elateridae, Histeridae, and Trogossitidae) were increased by the addition of α-pinene, although results varied by location. Platysoma spp. (Coleoptera: Histeridae) showed a marked preference for traps co-baited with (+)-α-pinene in Florida and Georgia. In summary, we found that the enantiomeric composition of α-pinene in hosts was not a good predictor of enantiomeric preferences by beetles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monochamus alternatus is one of the most important borers of conifers and the main vector of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease. It causes massive death of pine trees and seriously affects the health of forest ecosystems. Traditionally, adults or larvae are identified by morphological or molecular methods. However, diagnosing M. alternatus larvae at different instars collected from forests is expensive and time‐consuming. Non‐destructive molecular diagnostic protocols are, therefore, being developed to detect biological traces (i.e. exuviae, excreta) and to determine the distribution and spread of this pest. In this study, based on the alignment of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences of M. alternatus and other insect species, we designed the primer pair of Mal‐SF/Mal‐SR and probe of Mal‐P for M. alternatus. TaqMan probe‐based qPCR was developed to identify the occurrence of M. alternatus in forests by amplifying the DNA samples obtained from its adult, larva, frass, excreta and exuviae. The amplification results were very effective. The lowest amount of M. alternatus DNA that could be detected with a Cq of 31.93 in the mixed samples was 0.64 pg, showing very high sensitivity. This assay can easily identify M. alternatus from other non‐target wood‐borer species using its frass and exuviae, providing a new diagnostic protocol for monitoring the occurrence and distribution of M. alternatus in forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resolving a robust phylogeny of an organismal group is often hindered by the limited availability of samples suitable for genomic or transcriptomic sequencing. Even for lineages of notable importance in evolutionary ecology, our phylogenetic comprehension remains largely unsatisfactory due to the challenges of acquiring samples across the clade. The long‐horned beetle genus Anoplophora Hope exemplifies such a group, globally renowned for two invasive pests—the Asian long‐horned beetle and citrus long‐horned beetle—which have inflicted significant damage to deciduous hardwood forest in North America and Europe. In contrast to the two temperate pests, the remaining 50 species in the genus inhabit subtropical forests of Southeast Asia, where most species are only infrequently encountered. Here, we present the first comprehensive phylogeny of Anoplophora using a PCR‐based target enrichment museomics approach. As a case study of employing PCR‐generated custom probes, we demonstrate the robustness and cost‐effectiveness of this in‐house method in successfully acquiring sequence data from historical specimens. Through extensive sampling of Anoplophora using museum specimens, we reveal a non‐sister relationship between the two temperate species and provide evidence for addressing taxonomic conundrums. Our biogeographical analyses indicate that the adaptation of the two temperate species occurred independently during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene after the establishment of temperate forests in East Asia in the late Miocene. Our findings highlight the importance of comprehensive phylogenetic inference in understanding the patterns and processes of these beetles' adaptation to temperate forests and lay the groundwork for investigating the genetic mechanism underlying life in the cold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Zoologica Lilloana is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In forest ecosystems, fires profoundly impact the habitat and seasonal dynamics of numerous Coleoptera species. The phenology of species and communities is particularly noteworthy in burned areas that were previously forest ecosystems. In 2023, research was conducted in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve on 11 burned plots in 2021 and control plots. The research employed the use of beer traps, which are baited with a combination of beer and sugar. In the second year after the fires, species from the families Nitidulidae, Cerambycidae, Scarabaeidae, and Elateridae exhibited the highest total number across all plots, accounting for 84.8% of all Coleoptera specimens collected. A single peak in the abundance of Coleoptera was observed on all plots during the month of May. The second peak in abundance during the autumn season was relatively modest in scale and was observed exclusively on unburned 2021 plots. Nitidulidae beetles appear in traps earlier than other beetles, with their number peaking in April and May. Thereafter, their number declined in June. The number of Cerambycidae and Scarabaeidae on all plots was relatively low in April but increased significantly in May and June. The peak abundance of Elateridae was observed in June, although the first individuals were recorded in April. A precipitous decline in the abundance of the species was observed in July, with only a single specimen being recorded in August. The Elateridae were observed to be particularly prevalent in burned areas where deadwood was present. There are variations in the observed differences between individual families, which are related to the location of plots, the condition of the vegetation cover, and the presence of flowering plants, deadwood, and dry trees on the plots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of a concerted research effort to design management strategies for an economic insect pest of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), viz., Analeptes trifasciata Fabricius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), also known as the stem girdler, it became necessary to understand the biotic and abiotic factors influencing its population fluctuation. The population dynamics of A. trifasciata and its relationship with crop phenology (flushing, senescence, flower initiation, fruit development and maturation stages) and weather factors (average temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) were investigated from 2017 to 2019 at the cashew orchard of Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Ibadan, Nigeria. Observations were recorded at monthly intervals for the duration. The period of incidence was from May to December. Peak abundance, which coincided with the wet season as well as senescence and flower initiation stages, were not significantly correlated. Adult abundance of A. trifasciata was conspicuously low during the fruit development and maturation stages, this stage coincided with the peak of the dry season. However, there was no significant correlation between the pest abundance and crop phenological stages. The male to female ratio was 1:0.81 (÷2 =1.313, df =1, p =0.252). The abundance of A. trifasciata significantly but negatively correlated (r = -0.73) with temperature. Relative humidity (r = 0.30) and rainfall (r = 0.24) showed non-significant association with stem-girdler population. Our findings indicated that temperature is the major predictor of A. trifasciata population fluctuation irrespective of the phenological stage. These findings can be useful for developing a forecasting model for its early detection and appropriate management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four species of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) are recorded for the first time for Guinea: Neoplocaederus viridipennis (Hope, 1843), N. iridescens (Atkinson, 1953), N. glabricollis (Hope, 1843) and Olenecamptus triplagiatus Jordan, 1894. Habitus photographs and distribution maps of the four species are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pistachio cultivations are damaged by many pests such as beetles including several species that had a wide expansion due to climate change. We investigated the biodiversity of pistachio beetles and their parasitoids based on a barcoding approach. The trapping and rearing of insects present in pistachio branches showed the presence of seven species. These insects were identified using two molecular markers, the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and the region (D2–D3) of the 28S gene of the nuclear ribosomal RNA operon. The obtained sequences allowed the identification of five species with an identity ≥ 97%. However, for the other two species, sequence identity did not exceed 93% and consequently their identification was limited to the genus level. Our results showed that pistachio trees are attacked by four species of beetles, namely Chaetoptelius vestitus (Mulsant & Rey, 1861) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), Carphoborus perrisi (Chapuis, 1869) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), Phoracantha semipunctata (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) and Sinoxylon sp. (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae). These beetles are parasitized by three identified species: Doryctes leucogaster (Nees, 1834) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), Cheiropachus quadrum (Fabricius, 1787) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) and Ecphylus sp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). This study is the first to record the species C. perrisi and D. leucogaster in Tunisia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study presents an analysis of the Coleoptera fauna in the forests of the Euro-pean Russia in 2022 and 2023, after a fire. Insects were sampled from burned plots (9) in 2010 and 2021, as well as unburned (control) plots (2), and alpha diversity was compared. After processing the material, we examined a total of 12,218 Coleoptera specimens from 38 families and identified 194 species. The families Nitidulidae, Cerambycidae, Elateridae, and Scarabaeidae were the most abundant across all plots. Cerambycidae, Elateridae, Nitidulidae, Staphylinidae, Coccinellidae, and Scarabaeidae exhibited the greatest species diversity. In total, 17 species were found on all plots. Only five species exhibited preferences for some certain plots. Maximum abundance and species diversity were observed on unburned (control) plots. The plots where fires occurred in 2010 and 2021 had the lowest total abundance values for Coleoptera. These fires destroyed almost all potential sites for beetle settlement, feeding, breeding, and shelter. Fires can significantly impact forest ecosystems. However, studies on the effects of fires on insect communities in post-fire plots in natural forests are rare. This study presents an analysis of the Coleoptera fauna in the forests of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve (European Russia) in 2022 and 2023 after a fire. Insects were sampled from burned plots (9) in 2010 and 2021, as well as unburned (control) plots (2), and alpha diversity was compared. After processing the material, we examined a total of 12,218 Coleoptera specimens from 38 families and identified 194 species. The families Nitidulidae, Cerambycidae, Elateridae, and Scarabaeidae were the most abundant across all plots. Cerambycidae, Elateridae, Nitidulidae, Staphylinidae, Coccinellidae, and Scarabaeidae exhibited the greatest species diversity. In total, 17 species were found on all plots, including Cetonia aurata, Protaetia cuprea volhyniensis, Trogoderma glabrum, Carpophilus hemipterus, Epuraea biguttata, Glischrochilus grandis, Glischrochilus hortensis, Glischrochilus quadripunctatus, Soronia grisea, Pediacus depressus, Chrysanthia geniculata, Anastrangalia reyi, Leptura quadrifasciata, Leptura thoracica, Lepturalia nigripes, Rhagium mordax, and Anisandrus dispar. Only five species exhibited preferences for certain plots. Maximum abundance and species diversity were observed on unburned (control) plots. The plots where fires occurred in 2010 and 2021 had the lowest total abundance values for Coleoptera. These fires destroyed almost all potential sites for beetle settlement, feeding, breeding, and shelter. Traps recorded a higher abundance of Coleoptera in the first year after fires compared to the second year. The Coleoptera fauna showed the greatest similarity on the control plots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate alternative methods to control longhorn beetle (Oberea linearis) infestations in walnut orchards. Wild isolates of entomopathogenic fungi obtained from soil samples from Greece and Cyprus were tested for their efficacy against adults and larvae of O. linearis. Insect populations were acquired from a heavily infested walnut orchard and individuals were placed in Petri dishes provided with ground walnut wood for larvae and fresh leaves for adults. The tested insects were subjected to 16 different wild isolates from the genera Beauveria, Cordyceps, Metarhizium, and Purpureocillium, where 108 conidia/mL were applied by spraying, and insects were monitored daily for 16 days. The results showed that all the tested fungi resulted in a mortality rate of 66–100%, with Cordyceps fumosorosea exhibiting the highest virulence, causing complete mortality to both larvae and adults. These findings suggest that the management of O. linearis, which has traditionally relied on chemical applications, could transition to an organic approach by utilizing entomopathogenic fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceresium sinicum ornaticolle Pic, 1907 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the main pests of pomegranate and citrus trees. In this study, we described the complete mitochondrial genome of C. sinicum ornaticolle. The total length of the mitochondrial genome was 15,817 bp, and the entire content of GC was 27.8%. The genome encoded 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs). The phylogenetic tree showed that C. sinicum ornaticolle was clustered with Allotraeus orientalis and Zoodes fulguratus. These results will provide the genetic information for understanding the genetic evolution of C. sinicum ornaticolle and the insights to control cerambycid pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanopterus ninghais (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a newly discovered gregarious ectoparasitoid, is a promising biological control agent against the third‐fifth instar larvae of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Effects of constant ambient temperatures (17, 20, 23, 26, 29 and 32°C) on the reproduction and development of the parasitoid were determined in the laboratory. Results showed that the pre‐oviposition periods of C. ninghais decreased gradually with increasing temperatures, ranging from 8.5 d (at 17°C) to 3.4 d (at 32°C). Both the parasitism rates and the number of offspring exhibited a parabolic trend in relation to increasing temperatures, with the highest parasitism rate being 80% (at 29°C) and the maximum number of offspring reaching 7.2 (at 26°C). Temperature did not significantly affect the emergence rate and sex ratio of progeny. The duration of each developmental stage was inversely correlated with temperature within the range of 20 to 32°C. The egg‐to‐adult development time was 32.3 d at 20°C and 12.5 d at 32°C. The developmental threshold temperatures for the egg, larva, pupa, and the entire generation were 8.6, 12.6, 12.8 and 12.1°C, respectively, and the effective accumulated temperatures were 34.3, 51.3, 148.9 and 240.0 Degree‐days, respectively. We concluded that temperatures in the range of 26 to 29°C are the most suitable for the development and reproduction of C. ninghais. These findings provide important information for improving the artificial rearing efficiency and field release of this parasitoid under different temperature conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xylotrechus rusticus is one of the major forest trunk borers in China, causing a significant threat to afforestation and forestry engineering construction. Controlling X. rusticus is challenging because of its hidden life habit. The use of natural enemies against X. rusticus is an important strategy for controlling Cerambycidae pests. This is the first study to investigate the effectiveness of Dastarcus helophoroides as a biological control against X. rusticus under indoor and outdoor environments. The expression patterns of CYP6BK3 and CYP6BQ13 genes in various tissues and at different development stages were analyzed to clarify their role in the development of D. helophoroides. The results showed that the parasitism rate of D. helophoroides was the higher when their eggs were released on the larvae of X. rusticus L. indoors. Furthermore, the parasitism rate of D. helophoroides was the highest (86.67%) when their eggs were released on the larvae of X. rusticus in the ratio of 1:100 (host: D. helophoroides) under artificial wood segment simulation. The average parasitism rates of D. helophoroides eggs and adults on the exposed wood segment of the Cerambycidae were 81.83% and 83.29%, respectively. Indoor release of Scleroderma guani increased their parasitic rate on the aged larvae and pupae of X. rusticus. qPCR analysis of CYP450 gene expression showed that CYP6BK3 and CYP6BQ13 genes were expressed at all development stages of D. helophoroides; however, their expression levels were higher in adults than in the larvae. Notably, CYP6BK3 expression was the highest in the adipose tissue, whereas CYP6BQ13 was the highest in the hindgut tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on our own field data and using modeling of modern potential ranges (in the MaxEnt program), an assessment of the spatial distribution of the rare representative of the longhorn beetle family, Callipogon (Eoxenus) relictus Semenov 1899, was conducted in northeast Asia (220 geographic locations). The generated maps of the potential range of C. relictus demonstrate a high likelihood of the species' presence in the upland areas of southern far east Russia, the provinces of northeastern China, and the Korean Peninsula. Field data also indicate the extensive association of the species with undisturbed broadleaf and coniferous–broadleaf forests in northeast Asia. Maps of the potential distribution of C. relictus in northeast Asia have been compiled based on four climate change scenarios from the present time to 2070. Under all of the climate scenarios used, it is shown that suitable habitats for the species will persist in certain areas of Primorsky Krai, as well as neighboring provinces of the People's Republic of China and a small enclave on the Korean Peninsula in Gangwon-do province. Significant reduction in suitable conditions for the rare longhorn beetle will occur in the rest of its distribution range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Japanese sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus, is not only one of the most important wood boring pest itself, but also a major vector of the invasive pinewood nematode (PWN), which is the causal agent of the devastative pine wilt disease (PWD) and threats the global pine forest. Here, we present a near-complete genome of M. alternatus at the chromosome level. The assembled genome was 792.05 Mb with contig N50 length of 55.99 Mb, which is the largest N50 size among the sequenced Coleoptera insects currently. 99.57% of sequence was anchored onto ten pseudochromosomes (one X-chromosome and nine autosomes), and the final genome harbored only 13 gaps. BUSCO evaluation revealed the presence of 99.0% of complete core genes. Thus, our genome assembly represented the highest-contiguity genome assembly as well as high completeness in insects so far. We identified 20,471 protein-coding genes, of which 20,070 (98.04%) were functionally annotated. The genome assembly of M. alternatus provides a valuable resource for exploring the evolution of the symbiosis between PWN and the vector insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbivorous insects frequently exhibit sexual dimorphism in body size and a variety of other traits. Such differences often lead to distinct behaviors, which may present themselves in insect responses to conspecifics, plant defenses, and feeding. Based on a previous study of a congeneric species, we hypothesized that sexual dimorphism may yield differences in how the host-specific red milkweed beetle Tetraopes tetrophthalmus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) deactivates milkweed defenses, a behavior in which beetles cut latex-delivering veins prior to feeding. We also predicted that beetles would display differences in their subsequent feeding patterns and attraction of conspecifics. Although beetles were size dimorphic (females were larger than males), we did not find consistent differences in the rates of vein cutting or initiation of feeding between males and females. Females did, however, cut more milkweed veins per leaf, and attracted more conspecifics than males. Sex differences in size and other traits were thus associated with differential attraction, but not strongly associated with the overall deactivation of plant defense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The red-necked longhorn beetle, Aromia bungii, is an invasive wood-boring insect that has recently invaded Europe and Japan, seriously damaging stone fruit trees in both native and invaded regions. Rose oxide, including both cis- and trans-isomers, was previously found in the volatiles produced by A. bungii adults, while the inter- and intra-specific behavioral functions of this compound remain unclear. By manually shaking the beetles, a much greater amount of rose oxide was released from the beetles, compared to that released from nondisturbed beetles. Rose oxide was further determined to be original from a white-colored secretion which was immediately sprayed by the beetles that were hand captured or squeezed by tweezers. These findings indicate that this pungent compound putatively has a role as an allomone component released from the defensive secretion by A. bungii adults when threatened, which may be an adaptive defensive strategy against the predation of natural enemies such as insectivorous birds. Y-tube olfactory assays revealed that rose oxide, at a high concentration, was significantly repellent to both sexes of A. bungii adults, suggesting that rose oxide may also have a function in the intraspecific communication of A. bungii. Considering the low price of the commercially available products, this repellent effect of rose oxide may facilitate the development of novel control strategies, such as push–pull strategy, for A. bungii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces Bityle oriens sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Apomecynini) from Boston, Province of Davao Oriental, Philippines. A catalog of the known species of the genus Bityle is also presented. Coleoptera expeditions need to be undertaken to discover more novel species, especially in the understudied islands of the Philippine archipelago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Biodiversity conservation is an important goal of most ecosystem management efforts. Therefore, proper monitoring of biodiversity requires constant attention. Coleoptera should be monitored as an essential part of the overall biodiversity. Special monitoring is needed for families that are active as predators (e.g. Coccinellidae) or are saproxylic species (e.g. Elateridae and Cerambycidae). The aim of the research is to describe the fauna of seven families of Coleoptera (Elateridae, Drilidae, Lycidae, Lampyridae, Cantharidae, Coccinellidae and Cerambycidae) of the Republic of Mordovia (the centre of the European part of Russia). The results are based on faunistic research, the main part of which was carried out in April-October 2007-2023 and on material from museum collections. The collecting was made using several different methods (by hand, light trapping, on different lures, into pitfall traps etc.). GPS coordinates are given for each faunistic record. New information: The dataset contains information on seven species new to the region: Malthodes flavoguttatus Kiesenwetter, 1852, Malthodes minimus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cantharidae); Scymnus rubromaculatus (Goeze, 1777) (Coccinellidae); Anoplodera rufipes ventralis Heyden, 1886, Tragosoma depsarium (Linnaeus, 1767), Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier, 1795) and Xylotrechus ibex (Gebler, 1825) (Cerambycidae). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of a long-term project on unraveling the use of pheromones in the large beetle family Cerambycidae, field trials were conducted with generic blends of known cerambycid pheromones at a desert site in southern California. In the first year of testing (2022), the species Eustromula valida (LeConte) (subfamily Cerambycinae, tribe Elaphidiini) and Aethecerinus latecinctus (Horn) (Cerambycinae, Trachyderini) were weakly attracted to one of the lure blends. In follow-up trials in 2023, only E. valida were caught, and collection of volatiles from both sexes of E. valida determined that males sex-specifically produced 3-methylthiopropan-1-ol (methionol), a compound that was not in the tested lure blends. Beetles of both sexes were strongly and specifically attracted to this compound in field bioassays, verifying that it is an aggregation-sex pheromone. No sympatric species were attracted to methionol while it was deployed in the field. Several recent studies have identified methionol as a pheromone component for other cerambycid species in both North and South America, suggesting it may represent another common pheromone component within the Cerambycidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The male of Adesmus murutinga Martins & Galileo, 2004 is described for the first time, an updated key to Colombian species of the genus is presented, and three species of longhorned beetles are reported for the first time for Colombia. The specific localities in Colombia of Miriclytus quadrifasciatus (Chevrolat, 1862) and Oedudes spectabilis (Drury, 1782) are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Lamiinae is the largest subfamily among the Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles), and its members are distributed worldwide. The monophyly of Lamiinae is generally recognized, but there are still diverse ideas as to whether the tribes belonging to Lamiinae are monophylic. Ambiguous classification boundaries and the existence of synonyms are major issues leading to controversies over Lamiinae classification. It is not enough to conduct research solely on the morphological characteristics and simple molecular loci of longhorn beetles. Mitochondrial genomes have proven to be reliable markers and can shed more light on phylogenetic relationships among Lamiinae. The present study resolved infra-subfamilial relationships among Lamiinae and provides more mitochondrial data for further phylogenetic research on longhorn beetles. Lamiinae is the largest subfamily of the Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles), with approximately 21,863 described species. Previous phylogenetic studies of Lamiinae showed that this subfamily was monophyletic, but the relationship between the tribes of Lamiinae is still controversial. Partial molecular data and species morphological characteristics are not sufficient to resolve species phylogenetic studies perfectly. At the same time, the full mitochondrial genome contains more comprehensive genetic data. Benefiting from the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS), mitochondrial genomes can be easily acquired and used as reliable molecular markers to investigate phylogenetic relationships within Cerambycidae. Using NGS technology, we obtained 11 mitochondrial genome sequences of Lamiinae species. Based on this newly generated mitochondrial genome dataset matrix, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Lamiinae. The Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses strongly support the monophyly of four tribes (Lamiini, Batocerini, Mesosini, and Saperdini), whereas the tribe Acanthocinini was identified as paraphyletic. Other mitochondrial structural features were also observed: the start codon in the nad1 gene of all 11 mitochondrial genomes is TTG; 17–22 bp intergenic spacers (IGS) with a 'TACTA' motif were found between trnS2 and nad1. Moreover, two long IGS were found in Mesosa myops and Batocera sp. Tandem repeats were found in the IGS of Batocera sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biotropica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The longicorn beetle Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera; Cerambycidae) is an insect vector that transmits the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a serious issue in pine forests in China, Japan, and South Korea. Dastarcus helophoroides and Scleroderma guani are effective in controlling M. saltuarius. However, the application of these parasites for the direct control of vector insects requires detailed analyses of the suitability of the selected natural enemies in potential pest areas, particularly under climate change. Based on species distribution records as well as the current and projected climate change trends up to 2050, we utilized an optimized Maxent algorithm to predict the potential distribution patterns of M. saltuarius and its natural enemies in China. Furthermore, we estimated Schoener's D to quantify the overlap in adaptability between M. saltuarius and its natural enemies. The potentially suitable areas predicted under the current climate conditions were concentrated mainly in northeast and north China. Additional suitable areas were detected in central, eastern, northwestern, and southwestern China. Under future climate conditions, the suitable range of M. saltuarius gradually shifted southward, with a tendency to expand into high-altitude and colder regions, such as Sichuan, Qinghai, and Tibet. The potential distribution of the natural enemies D. helophoroides and S. guani continued to expand under climate change. A comparison of the appropriate habitats of M. saltuarius and natural enemy insects indicated that D. helophoroides is more suitable for initial biological control in north, northeast, and central China as well as certain northwest and coastal regions. S. guani could be prioritized for nationwide release, while joint control using both species may be effective in Liaoning, Hebei, and Tianjin provinces. These analyses demonstrate that future climate change is likely to exert adverse effects on the potential distribution of M. saltuarius but is favorable for the potential distributions of natural enemies. This study offers important insights into the effective control of M. saltuarius and provides an experimental basis for the utilization of natural enemies according to the characteristics of different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decades, climate change and globalisation have been exacerbating the introduction of non-native beetles worldwide. Due toits peculiar territory, climate and geographical position in the middle of the Mediterranean Basin, Italy is one of the European countries with the highest number of intercepted, adventive and established non-native beetles, some of which are invasive. In this perspective, producing new faunistic records and continuously updating reliable and easily accessible distributional data is a fundamental step in investigating and potentially preventing further species introduction.The aim of this contribution is to report and discuss new faunistic records of non-native Coleoptera in Italy. For some species, new records enlarge the previously-known distribution (e.g. the ambrosia beetles Anisandrus maiche (Kurentzov, 1941) and Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford, 1894) or the click beetle Monocrepidius posticus (Eschscholtz, 1829)), while for others (e.g. the scarab beetle Archophileurus spinosus Dechambre, 2006), data confirm their establishment and highlight a possible expansion phase. The false powderpost beetles Ptilineurus marmoratus (Reitter, 1877) and the longhorn beetle Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852) are two new additions to the Italian fauna, while the establishment of the monotomid beetle Monotoma americana Aubé 1837 is confirmed.

The present paper records Rosalia (Eurybatus) formosa (Saunders, 1839), a cerambycid or longhorn beetle for the first time from the state of Mizoram in northeastern India. The documentation was done on the basis of two specimens that were collected from the District of Champhai, Mizoram. In this communication, photographs, as well as notes on the morphological features of the species are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Based on the threat posed by the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), many countries including the United States have adopted policies of eradication. The eradication of infestations that cover hundreds of square kilometers can require multiple visual surveys of millions of individual trees. At these scales, eradication may take several decades and span multiple beetle generations. During this period the infestation of new trees adds spatially-explicit risk to the landscape while surveys and the removal of infested trees reduce it. Methods: To track dynamic risk on the landscape we have developed the Asian Longhorned Beetle Hazard Management and Monitoring Tool. The geospatial tool combines data documenting; the locations, levels of infestation, and dates of detection of infested trees; the locations, methods, and timing of survey and host removal activities; and a reconstruction of beetle movement within the infested landscape to generate annual spatial estimates of infestation risk based on the combination of beetle dispersal and survey and host removal activities. Results: The analyses of three eradication programs highlight similar patterns in risk through time with risk peaking at the time infestations are detected and declining as management activities slow beetle spread and reduce risk through surveys. However, the results also highlight differences in risk reduction among the eradication programs associated with differences in beetle dispersal among infestations and the size of the infested landscape, highlighting the importance of applying local information to structure eradication programs. Discussion: The Asian Longhorned Beetle Hazard Management andMonitoring Tool provides a quantitative repeatable approach to tracking changes in infestation risk using local beetle behavior andmanagement efforts. In addition to this, the tool may provide a structure to optimize eradication efforts by allowingmanagers to estimate expected risk reduction based on proposed survey and host removal strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphidessa jinfoensis sp. nov. is described from Chongqing and Guizhou in Southwest China. The diagnostic morphological characters of the new species are described and illustrated in color plates. The distribution of all species of the genus Graphidessa Bates, 1884 is mapped and the key to all species of this genus is updated. The COI gene sequence of the new species is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Monochamus carolinensis is an important vector of pinewood nematodes in North America that is under quarantine in several countries worldwide. The distribution of M. carolinensis was previously thought to be limited to North America; however, we discovered it during trapping in China in 2022. Using this discovery and information regarding the area of origin, we applied a machine‐learning algorithm based on the maximum entropy principle to predict the current and future (2050s, 2070s) potential distribution areas of M. carolinensis using bioclimatic variables. RESULTS: The biological suitability of M. carolinensis was mainly driven by precipitation factors (BIO18, BIO15, BIO19), with 87.18% of the potential distribution areas located in South America, Asia, North America and Africa. Future potential distribution areas of M. carolinensis are predicted to expand to high latitudes, with an average increase of 10 245 874.88 km2, and only 6.89% of the current suitable areas will become unsuitable. The potential distribution areas in 2070 are largest under the SSP585 scenario, with a 41.40% predicted increase (52 309 803.61 km2) above the current distribution, mainly reflecting an increase of the marginally and highly suitable areas. CONCLUSION: The determination of dominant climatic factors and potential distribution areas will help provide an early warning for an M. carolinensis invasion, as well as provide a scientific basis for the spread and outbreak, facilitating development of effective governmental prevention and control measures. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adult male cerambycid beetles of the subfamilies Cerambycinae and Lamiinae emit aggregation-sex pheromones that attract both sexes, and these chemicals can be utilized for quarantine surveillance for related exotic species which produce the same or similar pheromones. Here, we assess how attraction of 7 cerambycid species to pheromone-baited traps was influenced by the release rates of synthesized pheromones from polyethylene sachet emitters. Compounds tested included racemic 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, the (R)-enantiomer of which is the sole or major pheromone component of numerous cerambycine species, and 2 compounds that are pheromone components of many lamiine species: (E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-yl acetate (fuscumol acetate) and 6-methylhept-5-en-2-ol (sulcatol). We confirmed release rates of these compounds could be manipulated by varying the doses loaded into emitters. Various doses and concentrations, ranging from very dilute to the neat compounds, were then tested in field trials. Several species were most strongly attracted to the highest dose of a tested compound, one species to an intermediate dose, while another species was equally attracted regardless of dose. Our results demonstrate the importance of characterizing dose–response relationships for cerambycid species targeted by pheromone-based trapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the seasonal occurrence of bark and woodboring Coleoptera in Pinus densiflora (Pinales: Pinaceae), and Larix kaempferi (Pinales: Pinaceae) stands using multifunnel traps baited with pine volatiles in Korea. The number and species of bark and woodboring beetles caught in traps baited with ethanol, α -pinene, and ethanol+ α -pinene were compared to determine the effective attractants. In addition, the effects of other pine volatiles, such as (-)- β -pinene, β -caryophyllene, (±)-limonene, β -myrcene, and 3-carene, were investigated. A total of 13,134 woodboring beetles from 150 species were collected from pine and larch stands from 2019 to 2020. Tomicus minor (Hartig) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults were more attracted to traps baited with α -pinene, whereas Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Cyclorhipidion pelliculosum (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Phloeosinus pulchellus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults were more attracted to traps baited with ethanol. Hylurgops interstitialis (Chapuis) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Shirahoshizo genus group, Rhagium inquisitor (Linne) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and Rhadinomerus maebarai (Voss & Chûjô) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were more frequently attracted to traps baited with ethanol+ α -pinene than to traps baited with other attractants. The addition of 3-carene to ethanol+ α -pinene enhanced the capture of H. interstitialis , R. inquisitor , and Hylobius (Callirus) haroldi (Faust) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Native to China and the Korean Peninsula, the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a high‐risk invasive pest of hardwood trees.To explore the potential of biological control of ALB in the United States, we conducted surveys of ALB parasitoids using sentinel logs in five geographical regions (Beijing, Gansu, Guizhou, Shanghai, and Yunnan) in China from 2019 to 2022.Seven hymenopteran larval parasitoid species, Bracon planitibiae Yang, Eurytoma chinensis Yang, Heydenia sp., Oxysychus glabripennis Yang, Sclerodermus guani Xiao et Wu, Spathius anoplophorae Yang, and Zolotarewskya anoplophorae Yang, were collected in Beijing. Four, three and two of these species were also found in Shanghai, Guizhou, and Yunnan, respectively. No parasitoid was found in Gansu.Mean parasitism rates by all parasitoid species were 3.6%–15.8% in Beijing, 1.4%–16.4% in Guizhou, 1.6%–7.1% in Shanghai, and 5.8% in Yunnan.Spathius anoplophorae and O. glabripennis were the two most dominant parasitoids collected consistently in the four different regions and may be considered as prospective agents for biological control introduction against ALB in the United States.We discuss some underlying ecological mechanisms that might contribute to the rarity of egg parasitoids and future opportunities and challenges for biological control of ALB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bamboo longhorn beetle Chlorophorus annularis has been recently intercepted in several countries and becoming an emerging invasive species of concern. Here, we report the presence of C. annularis in Madagascar based on a verified specimen and citizen science data. The establishment of C. annularis in Madagascar is highly likely, given the multiple independent observations of the species at different locations within close proximity. Molecular evidence supports the morphological identification of the species, with the specimen collected in Madagascar showing closest affinity to a sample from Japan. However, due to limited samples and sequence length, further research is needed to determine the introduction pathway. We also briefly discuss the potential risks associated with the establishment of C. annularis in Madagascar and the need for coordinated actions to prevent its establishment in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species of the genus Xenicotela Bates, 1884 are reviewed. One new species, Xenicotela mucheni sp. nov., is described from Yunnan, China. Monochamus binigricollis Breuning, 1965 and Monochamus villiersi Breuning, 1960 are transferred to Xenicotela as follows: Xenicotela villiersi (Breuning, 1960) comb. nov. and Xenicotela binigricollis (Breuning, 1965) comb. nov. Xenicotela distincta (Gahan, 1888) is newly reported from Myanmar and Xenicotela binigricollis is excluded from the fauna of China. All species are redescribed and illustrated. A key to the known Xenicotela species is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanopterus ninghais (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a newly discovered parasitoid on the 3rd-5th instar larvae of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). We investigated the functional response of C. ninghais at three temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C) and examined mutual interference. Results showed that C. ninghais had a Holling Type II functional response at all temperatures. By increasing the density of the M. alternatus larvae, the number of parasitized larvae increased until a maximum was reached. The parasitoid was most effective (a′/Th) at 30 °C (0.270) and an individual female wasp's attack rate (a′) was 0.158, the handling time (Th) was 0.587, and the maximum theoretical parasitization rate per day (T/Th) was 11.927. However, the per capita parasitized level and per capita searching efficiency decreased significantly when the parasitoid density ranged from one to five. These findings suggest that intraspecific mutual interference and competition occur when multiple females search for a host in the same area. This study demonstrates that C. ninghais serves as an effective biocontrol agent, displaying strong control capabilities against M. alternatus larvae, with the potential for further development in the context of biological pest management targeting M. alternatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Batocera rubus severely impacts on the health of banyan trees. In this study, the whole mitochondrial genome for B. rubus was found to be 16,158 bp with a GC content of 23.9%, including 39.1% A, 37.0% T, 14.8% C, and 9.1% G. This genome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and two rRNAs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that B. rubus is close to Batocera celebiana. This study provides valuable information that can help improve the classification and phylogeny of B. rubus and facilitate further evolutionary studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In the last decades, climate change and globalisation have been exacerbating the introduction of non-native beetles worldwide. Due toits peculiar territory, climate and geographical position in the middle of the Mediterranean Basin, Italy is one of the European countries with the highest number of intercepted, adventive and established nonnative beetles, some of which are invasive. In this perspective, producing new faunistic records and continuously updating reliable and easily accessible distributional data is a fundamental step in investigating and potentially preventing further species introduction. New information The aim of this contribution is to report and discuss new faunistic records of non-native Coleoptera in Italy. For some species, new records enlarge the previously-known distribution (e.g. the ambrosia beetles Anisandrus maiche (Kurentzov, 1941) and Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford, 1894) or the click beetle Monocrepidius posticus (Eschscholtz, 1829)), while for others (e.g. the scarab beetle Archophileurus spinosus Dechambre, 2006), data confirm their establishment and highlight a possible expansion phase. The false powderpost beetles Ptilineurus marmoratus (Reitter, 1877) and the longhorn beetle Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852) are two new additions to the Italian fauna, while the establishment of the monotomid beetle Monotoma americana Aubé 1837 is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distribution of the harlequin beetle, Acrocinus longimanus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Acrocinini), is not well known in Mexico. Using MaxEnt and statistical analysis, the distribution was characterized and degree of association with environmental variables, biogeographic provinces, altitude, and vegetation types were determined. A. longimanus specimens were sought in scientific collections, records in publications, and open-access resources. In total, 93 records were obtained, of which eight were new state records for Mexico. The species probably could occur in 20 states of Mexico. Temperature and precipitation were the most important environmental variables for creation of a distribution map. Provinces of greatest importance for distribution of the species were the Pacific Coasts, Gulf, and Petén. Altitude and vegetation type were key to distribution of the species. Knowing actual distribution of species through potential distribution models (MaxEnt) is important for understanding insect interactions and associations in ecosystems, as well as recognizing important areas to conserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wasps in the genus Sclerodermus are ectoparasitoids that typically attack the larvae of woodboring coleopterans. Interest in these species is increasing as they are used in programs to control longhorn beetle pests of economic importance in China and have invasive pest control potential in Europe. Wasps may be mass reared for field release, but using the target host species can be time consuming and physically demanding. There is thus a need for factitious hosts with lower production costs and that are easier to rear. The present research focuses on Sclerodermus brevicornis , which was found in Italy in association with the invasive longhorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris hilaris , and can be laboratory reared on this longhorn beetle and on a factitious lepidopteran host, Corcyra cephalonica. As it is known that the biology of natural enemies can be influenced by the host they emerge from and that the behavior of S. brevicornis is relatively complex due to its degree of sociality (multiple foundress females cooperate to paralyze the host and produce offspring communally), we explored whether, and how, performance and behavioral traits of adult females are influenced by the host species on which they were reared, both when no choice or a choice of current host species was offered. We evaluated the survival of foundresses and their movements between offered hosts and their tendency to form groups with other foundresses according to kinship and host characteristics. We also evaluated the production of offspring and the timing of their development. We found that S. brevicornis reared from C. cephalonica do have some disadvantages compared with those that have developed on P. h. hilaris but also that they recognize, prefer, and can reproduce on P. h. hilaris. We conclude that the use of the more convenient factitious host for mass-rearing is unlikely to greatly compromise the potential of S. brevicornis to suppress longhorn beetle pests in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monochamus alternatus and Arhopalus rusticus are two important trunk-destroying pests on pine trees. Timely acquisition of their changing trends is required to precisely prevent and control of insect pests in pine forests. In this study, a remote intelligent monitoring system was constructed using machine vision, including the trapping module, the beetle detection, and the system web end. The trapping module was usually placed in the key areas of pine forests to capture the longicorn beetles, and then the images of the beetles were timely collected by cameras. The lightweight detection model (GMWYOLOv5s) was deployed to recognize and count the longhorn beetles at the edge using the deep learning YOLOv5s model. The detection data was presented on the web end via the wireless transmission for the better traceability of beetles’ distribution. The improved YOLOv5s model was used in the detection module to detect the different categories of longhorn beetles. The specific procedures were as follows. Firstly, the Ghost module was selected as the YOLOv5s backbone network to reduce the number of model parameters, and then a lightweight network was constructed. Secondly, the multi-scale detection mechanism was introduced into the neck network for the dependency relationship between the deep semantics and the shallow semantics multiscale detection information. The feature layer weights of the shallow network were benefited to increase the detection capability of the tiny targets. Finally, the regression loss function of WIoU (wise intersection over union) bounding box was introduced to optimize the target for the high localization accuracy of longhorn beetles. The experimental results show that the better performance was achieved in the intelligent monitoring system. Ghost module was introduced into the detection module to reduce the model size by 6.9 M and the parameter number by 47.6%. The multi-scale detection was improved the precision and recall by 0.7% and 0.4%, respectively. The mAP0.5 increased to 96.4% with the introduction of WIoU loss function. The GMW-YOLOv5s model was integrated with three improvement methods to detect the longhorn beetles. The precision and recall rate of the improved model were 94.4% and 93.6%, respectively. The mean average precision reached 96.2% under IoU=0.5 (mAP0.5), which was higher than that of the original. The improved model shared the better image feature learning and object detection, indicating the superior performance in the detection of small objects. The comparison was also implemented with many mainstream target detection models, including Faster-RCNN, SSD, YOLOX, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOv5n, and YOLOv5s. The indicators of GMW-YOLOv5s model were improved, such as the precision, recall and mAP0.5. An accurate detection was achieved in the position of longhorn beetles, especially in the densely distributed scenes. In addition, the improved model was used to effectively distinguish some targets, and then avoid missed the detections. A single inference time of 1.4 s and a model size of 9.3 M were suitable for the deployment on the edge devices with limited computational resources, which was fully met the accuracy and intelligence requirements of the longicorn beetle detection task. Furthermore, the mean average precision and recall were 99.0%, and 98.7% in the two types of longicorn beetles counting respectively. The model and manual counts were relatively close to each other. There was the low number of omissions and misdetections, indicating the less error in counting the longicorn beetles of the image. The monitoring system can be expected to regularly and automatically collect the beetle images on a regular basis, and then accurately detect and count them at the edge end. The trend of the number of longhorn beetles can also be viewed through the system web interface. Therefore, it is of great significance for the remote intelligent monitoring of longhorn beetles in the trap scenarios, particularly for the higher intelligent level of forest pest control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, the quarantine forestry pests the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) Anoplophora glabripennis and the citrus longhorned beetle (CLB) Anoplophora chinensis have spread across the Northern Hemisphere, triggering concern about their potential distribution. However, little is known about the niche shifts of the pests during the invasion, making it difficult to assess their potential ranges. We thus employed two distinct approaches (i.e., ordination‐based and reciprocal model‐based) to compare the native and invaded niches of ALB and CLB after their spread to new continents based on global occurrence records. We further constructed models with pooled occurrences from both the native and invaded ranges to analyze the effects of occurrence partitioning on predicted ranges. Results: We detected expansions in the invaded niches of both pests, indicating that the niches shifted to varying extents after the invasion. Large shares of the native niches of ALB and CLB remained unfilled, revealing the potential for further invasion in new regions. The models calibrated with pooled occurrences clearly underestimated the potential ranges in invaded regions compared with the projections based on partitioned models considering native and invaded areas separately. Conclusions: These results emphasize the importance of elucidating the niche dynamics of invasive species for obtaining accurately predicted ranges, which may help identify risk areas masked by the assumption of niche conservatism. Furthermore, prevention and quarantine measures for ALB and CLB are clearly needed to avoid future serious damage to forest ecosystems. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beetle family Disteniidae is currently considered to be closely related to the much larger family Cerambycidae, the longhorned beetles. The 300 + species of disteniids are mostly native to tropical and subtropical regions, with the only described North American species north of Mexico being Elytrimitatrix undata (F.). Here we describe the identification and field testing of (1R,4R)-quercivorol as a male-produced aggregation-sex pheromone component for E. undata. This is the first pheromone identified for any species within the family Disteniidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Velvet longhorned beetle Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is native to Asia. It is reported to be polyphagous in its native range, but hosts have not been screened in its introduced range in the United States.We conducted choice and no‐choice host experiments. For choice assays, gravid T. campestris oviposited freely on cut branches of four tree species: Juglans nigra, Malus domestica, Acer saccharum, and Pinus strobus. We investigated oviposition between apple branches with and without cankers. Half of the choice trials underwent winter temperatures.For no‐choice assays, eggs were placed on cut branches of these same four species. Half of these branches were later dissected to measure larval development. The rest were exposed to winter temperatures and T. campestris emergence was quantified.Overall, Trichoferus campestris oviposition and development occur more readily on J. nigra and M. domestica than on A. saccharum or P. strobus. The insect oviposited more on cankered than uncankered apple wood. Cold exposure during an overwintering period benefitted insect development in adults.The insect's high degree of polyphagy and ability to reproduce in dry wood has likely facilitated its establishment in multiple locales around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycobius speciosus (Say) was studied in New York State to elucidate poorly known aspects of its biology. Head capsule size from excavated larvae coupled with gallery lengths measured at the time of excavation was used to characterize larval development. Partial life tables indicated nearly 20% of G. speciosus survive to adulthood. Larvae experienced 30% of their mortality during early development, 27% during mid-larval development, and 43% during late larval development. Predation by hairy woodpeckers, Dryobates villosus (Linnaeus) (Piciformes: Picidae), the only unambiguous source of mortality, accounted for 43% mortality in naturally infested trees located and followed 2004–2009, and 74% late instar mortality. One parasitoid, Dolichomitus irritator (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), was recovered from a single larva. Beetles emerged between 316 accumulated DD (base 10 °C) and 648 DD. Males emerged prior to, or simultaneously with, females and lived longer. Female fecundity averaged 41.3 ± 6 eggs. Larval eclosion occurred 7–10 days after oviposition. Non-functional ovipositors observed in 16% of females represented an appreciable reproductive loss. In 77% of infested trees 1 oviposition site was located and in 70% of oviposition sites examined only 1 or 2 larvae successfully eclosed, penetrated the bark to the phloem-xylem interface, and began feeding. Beetles preferred southern and eastern aspects for oviposition which occurred preferentially on the lower bole (<20 cm). Male beetles had longer and wider antennae than females, pronotal pits containing gland pores, and a straight to concave posterior margin of the terminal sternite compared to the more rounded margin of females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature increases and land-use changes induce altered annual activity periods of arthropods. However, sufficiently resolved long-term data sets (> 100 years) are mostly missing. We use a data set of longhorn beetle records (71 species) collected in Luxembourg 1864–2014. Increase of annual temperatures was significantly correlated with an earlier annual appearance. Forty-four species present before and after 1980 appeared on average 8.2 days earlier in the year in the more recent period. Since 1950, the estimated shift was 0.26 days per year. Increase of temperature in spring (March–June) preponed the first appearance of beetles by on average 9.6 days per 1 °C. We found significant changes in the composition of beetle communities, with a net gain in species richness during the last 40 years. Eleven species recorded only after 1997 were characterized by comparatively early annual appearance. Smaller beetles tended to appear earlier in the year in comparison to large-bodied species. Shifts in phenology did not correlate with species Red List status. As also demonstrated by our data, climate change in general affects insect phenologies and changes species composition. However, land-use change has taken place in parallel with climate change. Both aspects of global change are influencing the changes in longhorn beetle occurrences in Luxemburg in their combination. This might be most clearly reflected in the strong decrease of species with continental climate niches dwelling in old-growth deciduous forests that apparently are threatened by the loss of these habitats and increasing spring temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first cerambycid from Eocene Rovno amber, Poliaenus europaeus n. sp. (Lamiinae, Pogonocherini) is described. The new species is the first known fossil of Poliaenus Bates, 1880, as well as the first representative of this genus in Europe. Relations with extant species and with the putative hosts of this fossil are discussed, leading to suppose the presence of Abies in Eocene of Ukraine. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0E67C646-09FE-4789-94A5-313EAB48B797 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article shows the results of the examination of some cerambycids preserved in Baltic and Rovno amber. Vadoniocorymbia n. subgen. is proposed for Paracorymbia antiqua Vitali, 2005, which differs from all congeners of the Recent in the convex under margin of the eyes (concave in the extant species). A female specimen of Pedostrangalia (s. str.) pristina Vitali, 2014 is examined, allowing emending the original description regarding pattern and elytral shape. Pedostrangalia (s. str.) ostensackeni n. sp. is described from Baltic amber. Two new species are described from Rovno amber are described: Pedostrangalia (s. str.) rovnensis n. sp. and Anoplodera volyniensis n. sp. Differential characters with fossil and extant species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]