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2. Automated Segmentation of the Right Ventricle from Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
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Punithakumar, Kumaradevan, Carscadden, Adam, Noga, Michelle, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Puyol Antón, Esther, editor, Pop, Mihaela, editor, Martín-Isla, Carlos, editor, Sermesant, Maxime, editor, Suinesiaputra, Avan, editor, Camara, Oscar, editor, Lekadir, Karim, editor, and Young, Alistair, editor
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- 2022
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3. Right Ventricular Segmentation in Multi-view Cardiac MRI Using a Unified U-net Model
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Queirós, Sandro, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Puyol Antón, Esther, editor, Pop, Mihaela, editor, Martín-Isla, Carlos, editor, Sermesant, Maxime, editor, Suinesiaputra, Avan, editor, Camara, Oscar, editor, Lekadir, Karim, editor, and Young, Alistair, editor
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- 2022
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4. Electroanatomic mapping in athletes: Why and when. An expert opinion paper from the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology.
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Dello Russo, Antonio, Compagnucci, Paolo, Zorzi, Alessandro, Cavarretta, Elena, Castelletti, Silvia, Contursi, Maurizio, D'Aleo, Antonio, D'Ascenzi, Flavio, Mos, Lucio, Palmieri, Vincenzo, Patrizi, Giampiero, Pelliccia, Antonio, Sarto, Patrizio, Delise, Pietro, Zeppilli, Paolo, Romano, Silvio, Palamà, Zefferino, and Sciarra, Luigi
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CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging , *VENTRICULAR arrhythmia , *SPORTS medicine , *CARDIAC arrest , *SPORTS physicians - Abstract
Three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping (EAM) has the potential to identify the pathological substrate underlying ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in different clinical settings by detecting myocardial areas with abnormally low voltages, which reflect the presence of different cardiomyopathic substrates. In athletes, the added value of EAM may be to enhance the efficacy of third-level diagnostic tests and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in detecting concealed arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies. Additional benefits of EAM in the athlete include the potential impact on disease risk stratification and the consequent implications for eligibility to competitive sports. This opinion paper of the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology aims to guide general sports medicine physicians and cardiologists on the clinical decision when to eventually perform an EAM study in the athlete, highlighting strengths and weaknesses for each cardiovascular disease at risk of sudden cardiac death during sport. The importance of early (preclinical) diagnosis to prevent the negative effects of exercise on phenotypic expression, disease progression, and worsening of the arrhythmogenic substrate is also addressed. • Three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping (EAM) has the potential to identify the pathological substrate underlying ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). • In athletes, EAM may enhance the efficacy of third-level diagnostic tests and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in detecting concealed arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies. • An electroanatomical mapping-guided endomyocardial biopsy may be considered as additional diagnostic tool among athletes presenting with complex ventricular arrhythmias and unclear findings after comprehensive clinical-imaging assessments and genetic testing. • The role of electroanatomical mapping is particularly relevant in the differentiation between myocarditis and forms of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, especially if integrated with the biopsy and histological examination that allows sampling in an extremely precise way the areas of altered voltage, expression of myocardial fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2022 Guidance Paper for Carcinoid Syndrome and Carcinoid Heart Disease.
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Grozinsky‐Glasberg, Simona, Davar, Joseph, Hofland, Johannes, Dobson, Rebecca, Prasad, Vikas, Pascher, Andreas, Denecke, Timm, Tesselaar, Margot E. T., Panzuto, Francesco, Albåge, Anders, Connolly, Heidi M., Obadia, Jean‐Francois, Riechelmann, Rachel, and Toumpanakis, Christos
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EXOCRINE pancreatic insufficiency , *MAST cell disease , *NEUROENDOCRINE tumors , *HEART diseases , *CARCINOID , *BRAIN natriuretic factor , *CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
Data regarding the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of carcinoid syndrome (CS) and carcinoid heart disease (CHD) were identified by searches of the MEDLINE database using specific terms in human studies: CS; CHD; screening; epidemiology; diagnosis; treatment; prognosis. CS, carcinoid syndrome; CHD, carcinoid heart disease; MDT, multidisciplinary team; PRRT, peptide receptor radioligand, therapy; SSA, somatostatin analogues; u5-HIAA, urinary 5-hydroxiindolic acid gl Ultimately, all patients develop symptomatic progression of CS when on an SSA. 2 TABLELevel of evidence and grade of recommendation as specified in the GRADE criteria HT
ht A. INTRODUCTION: GENERAL BACKGROUND a. Tumour burden is a relevant contributor to CS-associated mortality.4 CHD is present in approximately 20%-50% of CS patients and is a major prognostic indicator, with reduced overall survival at 3 years of 31% in patients with CHD, compared to 69% in patients without CHD.8 d. [Extracted from the article]Level of evidence for studies of diagnostic tests Criteria 1 An independent, masked comparison with reference standard among an appropriate population of consecutive patients 2 An independent, masked comparison with reference standard among non-consecutive patients or confined to a narrow population of study patients 3 An independent, masked comparison with an appropriate population of patients, but reference standard not applied to all study patients 4 Reference standard not applied independently or masked 5 Expert opinion with no explicit critical appraisal, based on physiology, bench research, or first principles - Published
- 2022
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6. Multi-modality imaging assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an EACVI and ESC council of valvular heart disease position paper
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Lancellotti, P., Pibarot, P., Chambers, J., Canna, G. la, Pepi, M., Dulgheru, R., Dweck, M., Delgado, V., Garbi, M., Vannan, M.A., Montaigne, D., Badano, L., Maurovich-Horvat, P., Pontone, G., Vahanian, A., Donal, E., Cosyns, B., European Assoc Cardiovasc Imaging, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (CHU-Liège), Maria Cecilia Hospital [Cotignola], Anthea Hospital [Bari, Italy], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London], Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Edinburgh, Universiteit Leiden, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Récepteurs Nucléaires, Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - U1011 (RNMCD), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Semmelweis University of Medicine [Budapest], Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS (UMR_S_1148 / U1148)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel = University Hospital of Brussels (UZ Brussel), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Récepteurs Nucléaires, Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (RNMCD - U1011), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universitair Ziekenhus Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical sciences, Cardio-vascular diseases, Cardiology, Lancellotti, P, Pibarot, P, Chambers, J, La Canna, G, Pepi, M, Dulgheru, R, Dweck, M, Delgado, V, Garbi, M, Vannan, M, Montaigne, D, Badano, L, Maurovich-Horvat, P, Pontone, G, Vahanian, A, Donal, E, and Cosyns, B
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mitral valve ,cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ,Heart Valve Diseases ,Mitral Valve Insufficiency ,computed tomography ,General Medicine ,MED/11 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO CARDIOVASCOLARE ,tricuspid valve ,aortic valve ,Multimodal Imaging ,Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ,valvular regurgitation ,pulmonary valve ,expert's consensu ,Echocardiography ,cardiovascular system ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,[SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering ,expert's consensus ,cardiovascular diseases ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Valvular regurgitation represents an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Imaging is pivotal in the evaluation of native valve regurgitation and echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for this purpose. The imaging assessment of valvular regurgitation should integrate quantification of the regurgitation, assessment of the valve anatomy and function, and the consequences of valvular disease on cardiac chambers. In clinical practice, the management of patients with valvular regurgitation largely relies on the results of imaging. It is crucial to provide standards that aim at establishing a baseline list of measurements to be performed when assessing native valve regurgitation. The present document aims to present clinical guidance for the multi-modality imaging assessment of native valvular regurgitation.
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- 2021
7. Heart Best Paper Award 2023.
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Otto, Catherine M.
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CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,AWARDS ,HEART - Published
- 2023
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8. Clinical application of CMR in cardiomyopathies: evolving concepts and techniques: A position paper of myocardial and pericardial diseases and cardiac magnetic resonance working groups of Italian society of cardiology.
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Merlo, Marco, Gagno, Giulia, Baritussio, Anna, Bauce, Barbara, Biagini, Elena, Canepa, Marco, Cipriani, Alberto, Castelletti, Silvia, Dellegrottaglie, Santo, Guaricci, Andrea Igoren, Imazio, Massimo, Limongelli, Giuseppe, Musumeci, Maria Beatrice, Parisi, Vanda, Pica, Silvia, Pontone, Gianluca, Todiere, Giancarlo, Torlasco, Camilla, Basso, Cristina, and Sinagra, Gianfranco
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CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,PERICARDIUM diseases ,CARDIOMYOPATHIES ,CLINICAL medicine ,PROGNOSIS ,LEFT ventricular hypertrophy - Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has become an essential tool for the evaluation of patients affected or at risk of developing cardiomyopathies (CMPs). In fact, CMR not only provides precise data on cardiac volumes, wall thickness, mass and systolic function but it also a non-invasive characterization of myocardial tissue, thus helping the early diagnosis and the precise phenotyping of the different CMPs, which is essential for early and individualized treatment of patients. Furthermore, several CMR characteristics, such as the presence of extensive LGE or abnormal mapping values, are emerging as prognostic markers, therefore helping to define patients' risk. Lastly new experimental CMR techniques are under investigation and might contribute to widen our knowledge in the field of CMPs. In this perspective, CMR appears an essential tool to be systematically applied in the diagnostic and prognostic work-up of CMPs in clinical practice. This review provides a deep overview of clinical applicability of standard and emerging CMR techniques in the management of CMPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. Multi-modality imaging assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an EACVI and ESC council of valvular heart disease position paper.
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Lancellotti, Patrizio, Pibarot, Philippe, Chambers, John, Canna, Giovanni La, Pepi, Mauro, Dulgheru, Raluca, Dweck, Mark, Delgado, Victoria, Garbi, Madalina, Vannan, Mani A, Montaigne, David, Badano, Luigi, Maurovich-Horvat, Pal, Pontone, Gianluca, Vahanian, Alec, Donal, Erwan, Cosyns, Bernard, and Imaging, the Scientific Document Committee of the European Association of Cardiovascular
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HEART valve diseases ,ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ,MITRAL valve insufficiency ,THREE-dimensional imaging ,TRICUSPID valve diseases ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,PULMONARY valve diseases ,HEART valves ,COMPUTED tomography ,AORTIC valve insufficiency - Abstract
Valvular regurgitation represents an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Imaging is pivotal in the evaluation of native valve regurgitation and echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for this purpose. The imaging assessment of valvular regurgitation should integrate quantification of the regurgitation, assessment of the valve anatomy and function, and the consequences of valvular disease on cardiac chambers. In clinical practice, the management of patients with valvular regurgitation largely relies on the results of imaging. It is crucial to provide standards that aim at establishing a baseline list of measurements to be performed when assessing native valve regurgitation. The present document aims to present clinical guidance for the multi-modality imaging assessment of native valvular regurgitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. European Heart Journal paper on COVID-19 scoops top award for London-based researcher.
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Ozkan, Judith
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CARDIAC amyloidosis ,RESEARCH awards ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,COVID-19 ,HEART - Published
- 2022
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11. A cardiac MRI motion artifact reduction method based on edge enhancement network.
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Jiang, Nanhe, Zhang, Yucun, Li, Qun, Fu, Xianbin, and Fang, Dongqing
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CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,GAUSSIAN curvature ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,MOTION ,FEATURE extraction - Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) usually requires a long acquisition time. The movement of the patients during MRI acquisition will produce image artifacts. Previous studies have shown that clear MR image texture edges are of great significance for pathological diagnosis. In this paper, a motion artifact reduction method for cardiac MRI based on edge enhancement network is proposed. Firstly, the four-plane normal vector adaptive fractional differential mask is applied to extract the edge features of blurred images. The four-plane normal vector method can reduce the noise information in the edge feature maps. The adaptive fractional order is selected according to the normal mean gradient and the local Gaussian curvature entropy of the images. Secondly, the extracted edge feature maps and blurred images are input into the de-artifact network. In this network, the edge fusion feature extraction network and the edge fusion transformer network are specially designed. The former combines the edge feature maps with the fuzzy feature maps to extract the edge feature information. The latter combines the edge attention network and the fuzzy attention network, which can focus on the blurred image edges. Finally, extensive experiments show that the proposed method can obtain higher peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index measure compared to state-of-art methods. The de-artifact images have clear texture edges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Future Horizons: The Potential Role of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology.
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Patrascanu, Octavian Stefan, Tutunaru, Dana, Musat, Carmina Liana, Dragostin, Oana Maria, Fulga, Ana, Nechita, Luiza, Ciubara, Alexandru Bogdan, Piraianu, Alin Ionut, Stamate, Elena, Poalelungi, Diana Gina, Dragostin, Ionut, Iancu, Doriana Cristea-Ene, Ciubara, Anamaria, and Fulga, Iuliu
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,MACHINE learning ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,ARRHYTHMIA ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,CORONARY angiography ,LITERATURE reviews - Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature death and disability globally, leading to significant increases in healthcare costs and economic strains. Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a crucial technology in this context, promising to have a significant impact on the management of CVDs. A wide range of methods can be used to develop effective models for medical applications, encompassing everything from predicting and diagnosing diseases to determining the most suitable treatment for individual patients. This literature review synthesizes findings from multiple studies that apply AI technologies such as machine learning algorithms and neural networks to electrocardiograms, echocardiography, coronary angiography, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. A narrative review of 127 articles identified 31 papers that were directly relevant to the research, encompassing a broad spectrum of AI applications in cardiology. These applications included AI models for ECG, echocardiography, coronary angiography, computed tomography, and cardiac MRI aimed at diagnosing various cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, pulmonary embolism, and valvulopathies. The papers also explored new methods for cardiovascular risk assessment, automated measurements, and optimizing treatment strategies, demonstrating the benefits of AI technologies in cardiology. In conclusion, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cardiology promises substantial advancements in diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Congenital Absence of Pericardium: The Largest Systematic Review in the Field on 247 Worldwide Cases (1977-Now).
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Bassareo, Pier Paolo, Secinaro, Aurelio, Ciliberti, Paolo, Chessa, Massimo, Perrone, Marco Alfonso, Walsh, Kevin Patrick, and Mcmahon, Colin Joseph
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PERICARDIUM ,BUNDLE-branch block ,SYMPTOMS ,ATRIAL septal defects ,CONGENITAL heart disease ,PERICARDITIS - Abstract
Background: Congenital absence of pericardium (CAP), also known as pericardial agenesis, represents an uncommon cardiac abnormality and mostly incidental finding. It can be subdivided into complete and partial (left or right-sided) forms. Because of its infrequency, just case reports and a few case series have been released so far. This paper represents the largest systematic review in the field. Nine features (age at diagnosis, type, gender, clinical presentation, electrocardiography, imaging (ultrasounds, CT/MRI), concomitant cardiac defects, and outcome) were analysed. Methods: The electronic database PubMed was investigated from its establishment up to July 15
th , 2023. Just case reports and case series were included. Animal studies, papers that were not in English, Spanish, and Italian, and those manuscripts not reporting at least seven of the nine analysed features. were ruled out. The analysed data were reported mostly in terms of percentage. Results: One hundred eighty studies were included encompassing 247 patients. More than half of reviewed CAP cases were in males (63.2%). The mean age at diagnosis was 31.8 ± 19.3 years; a range of 32 weeks of gestation-81 years). 23.5% of the patients did not report any symptoms. The most common clinical presentations were chest pain (35.2%) and dyspnoea (29.2%). The most commonly seen ECG changes were right axis deviation (28.7%) and right bundle branch block (23.9%). CAP was suspected or diagnosed by echocardiography in 20.1% of cases. The diagnosis was made by CT and/or MRI in 61.9% of cases. CAP was left-sided in 71.2%, complete in 23.1%, and right-sided in 5.7%. A concomitant congenital heart defect was found in 22.7%, especially in the form of atrial septal defect (6.5%) and patency of ductus arteriosus (2.8%). The pericardial repair was required in 12.9% of the incomplete forms of the disease. Never did the complete form require surgical correction. The outcome appeared favourable in the vast majority of cases, with just 18 deaths (7.3%). Discussion: The main limitation of this systematic review is that it is based just on case reports and case series, due to the lack of large studies on CAP. However, it represents the largest analysis in the field. Due to the rarity of CAP establishing an International Registry is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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14. Reduction in left atrial and pulmonary vein dimensions after ablation therapy is mediated by scar
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Nora Al Jefairi, Jérôme Lamy, Hubert Cochet, Nadjia Kachenoura, Dounia El Hamrani, Bruno Quesson, Lukas R.C. Dekker, Ruben Coronel, Lisa A. Gottlieb, Marion Constantin, Jérôme Naulin, Graduate School, Cardiology, and ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiac magnetic resonance ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pulmonary vein isolation ,Pulmonary vein ,Contractility ,Left atrial ,Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Sinus rhythm ,Ablation scar ,Reduction (orthopedic surgery) ,Original Paper ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Atrial fibrillation ,medicine.disease ,Ablation ,Atrial contractility ,RC666-701 ,Cardiology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Graphical abstract The reduction in LA and PV dimensions after ablation. Clinically successful PVI ablation decreased the PV and LA dimensions in AF patients (left panel). We make observations (right panel) that are compatible with the direct effect of ablation energy and subsequent scar formation causing the atrial downsizing., Background Ablative pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) decreases pulmonary vein (PV) and left atrial (LA) dimensions in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. These changes are attributed to reverse structural remodeling following sinus rhythm restoration but evidence is lacking. We hypothesized that the downsizing is directly caused by the ablative energy and subsequent scar formation. Methods We studied cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in 21 paroxysmal AF patients before and 3 months after successful PVI and in healthy sheep (n = 12) before and after PVI of the right PV only. Results PVI decreased the PV diameter in patients and sheep by 11.0(10.3) and 9.2(11.0)%, (p
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- 2021
15. Association between pre-hospital chest pain severity and myocardial injury in ST elevation myocardial infarction: A post-hoc analysis of the AVOID study
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Paul S. Myles, Karlheinz Peter, David M. Kaye, Peter Cameron, Michael Stephenson, Andris H. Ellims, Andrew J. Taylor, Romi Stub, Janet Bray, Karen Smith, Stephen Bernard, Himawan Fernando, Dion Stub, and Ziad Nehme
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Heart disease ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Chest pain ,Culprit ,Infarct size ,Opioid analgesia ,Chest pain predictors ,Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Myocardial infarction ,Original Paper ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Chronic pain ,Percutaneous coronary intervention ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,RC666-701 ,Cardiology ,Pain severity ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background We sought to determine if an association exists between prehospital chest pain severity and markers of myocardial injury. Methods and Results Patients with confirmed ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by emergency medical services were included in this retrospective cohort analysis of the AVOID study. The primary endpoint was the association of pre-hospital initial chest pain severity, cardiac biomarkers and infarct size based on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Groups were categorized based on moderate to severe chest pain (numerical rating scale pain ≥ 5/10) or less than moderate severity to compare procedural and clinical outcomes. 414 patients were included in the analysis. There was a weak correlation between initial pre-hospital chest pain severity and peak creatine kinase (r = 0.16, p = 0.001) and peak cardiac troponin I (r = 0.14, p = 0.005). Both were no longer significant after adjusting for known confounders. There was no association between moderate to severe chest pain on arrival and major adverse cardiac events at 6 months (20% vs. 14%, p=0.12). There was a weak correlation between history of ischemic heart disease (r = 0.16, p = 0.001), percutaneous coronary intervention (r = 0.16, p = 0.001), left anterior descending artery (r = 0.12, p = 0.012) as the culprit vessel and a weak negative correlation between age (r = -0.14, p = 0.039) and chest pain. Conclusion Only a weak association between pre-hospital chest pain severity and markers of myocardial injury was identified, supporting more judicious use of opioid analgesia with a focus on patient comfort.
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- 2021
16. Right ventricular volume and its relationship to functional tricuspid regurgitation
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Sophie M. Offen, David Baker, Raj Puranik, and David S. Celermajer
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Original Paper ,RC666-701 ,cardiovascular system ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Right ventricle ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ,Functional tricuspid regurgitation - Abstract
Background: Significant right ventricular (RV) dilatation has long been considered integral to the pathogenesis of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR). Objectives: To explore the relationship of RV dilatation and FTR in patients with ‘pure’ RV volume overload. Methods: Patients (>17yrs) with RV dilatation due to pre-tricuspid shunts (atrial septal defect; ASD and/or partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage; PAPVD) referred to our service (2000–2019) were retrospectively identified. Those with pulmonary hypertension, primum ASD or left-heart disease were excluded. Using standard cardiac MRI protocols, RV, right atrial and TV parameters were measured and compared. Results: Of 52 consecutively eligible patients (42 ± 15yrs, 25 males), 25 had ASDs, 13 had PAPVD and 14 had both conditions. All were in sinus rhythm and none had pulmonary regurgitation. Left and right ventricular ejection fractions were normal (LVEF 63 ± 8%, RVEF 56 ± 8%). Indexed RV end-diastolic volumes (RVEDVi) were moderately increased (males 148 ± 33 mL/m2 and females 141 ± 42 mL/m2, range 95–267 mL/m2). Despite substantial RV volume overload, no patients had severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Only two had > mild TR. There was a weak correlation between tricuspid annular diameter and both degree of RV dilatation (r = 0.37; p = 0.01) and degree of TR (r = 0.38; p = 0.006). There was a similarly poor correlation between right atrial dimensions and the degree of TR (r = 0.34; p = 0.02). Conclusion: When RV dilatation is simply due to volume overload, we find that significant TR is extremely rare. This gives an important and novel insight; that RV dilatation per se does not result in FTR.
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- 2021
17. Interventional cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: current applications, technology readiness level, and future perspectives.
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Rier, Sophie C., Vreemann, Suzan, Nijhof, Wouter H., van Driel, Vincent J.H.M., and van der Bilt, Ivo A.C.
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CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,TECHNOLOGY assessment ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,CARDIAC catheterization - Abstract
Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) provides excellent temporal and spatial resolution, tissue characterization, and flow measurements. This enables major advantages when guiding cardiac invasive procedures compared with X-ray fluoroscopy or ultrasound guidance. However, clinical implementation is limited due to limited availability of technological advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible equipment. A systematic review of the available literature on past and present applications of interventional MR and its technology readiness level (TRL) was performed, also suggesting future applications. Methods: A structured literature search was performed using PubMed. Search terms were focused on interventional CMR, cardiac catheterization, and other cardiac invasive procedures. All search results were screened for relevance by language, title, and abstract. TRL was adjusted for use in this article, level 1 being in a hypothetical stage and level 9 being widespread clinical translation. The papers were categorized by the type of procedure and the TRL was estimated. Results: Of 466 papers, 117 papers met the inclusion criteria. TRL was most frequently estimated at level 5 meaning only applicable to in vivo animal studies. Diagnostic right heart catheterization and cavotricuspid isthmus ablation had the highest TRL of 8, meaning proven feasibility and efficacy in a series of humans. Conclusion: This article shows that interventional CMR has a potential widespread application although clinical translation is at a modest level with TRL usually at 5. Future development should be directed toward availability of MR-compatible equipment and further improvement of the CMR techniques. This could lead to increased TRL of interventional CMR providing better treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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18. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the identification of extra-cardiac causes of myocarditis: a case series.
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Sakhi, Hichem, Reverdito, Guillaume, Soulat, Gilles, and Mousseaux, Elie
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LIVER abscesses ,MAGNETIC resonance ,PYOGENIC liver abscess ,MYOCARDITIS ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
Background Myocarditis is challenging to diagnose due to its varied presentations. Endomyocardial biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, but its invasive nature has led to alternative non-invasive modalities, notably cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Identifying the precise aetiology of myocarditis is crucial for effective treatment, yet extra-cardiac causes are often overlooked. In this paper, we spotlight the underexplored role of CMR in diagnosing extra-cardiac aetiologies, utilizing three insightful cases for illustration. Case summary The first case is a 31-year-old patient with myocarditis secondary to a pyogenic liver abscess, identified through CMR, who improved after abscess drainage. The second case involves a 54-year-old patient with myocarditis attributed to adult T-cell leukaemia–lymphoma, with the loco-regional thickening process identified thanks to CMR. This patient had an unfavourable disease progression due to the underlying malignancy. The third case concerns a 23-year-old patient suffering from myocarditis associated with pneumonia, again illustrated effectively through CMR imaging, who recovered after antibiotic treatment. Discussion These cases underline the overlooked potential of CMR in diagnosing extra-cardiac aetiologies of myocarditis, even though such causes are rare. Despite current guidelines recognizing the importance of identifying the aetiology of myocarditis, they do not explicitly address the role of CMR in diagnosing extra-cardiac aetiologies. This article, therefore, proposes that future guidelines could emphasize the utility of CMR in exploring these causes, potentially leading to more accurate diagnoses and improved patient outcomes. It also advocates for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to myocarditis diagnosis, encouraging vigilance for potential loco-regional causes, and calls for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. IgG4-Related disease with diffuse myopericardial involvement- value of CMR: a case report and literature review of cardiac involvement.
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Houshmand, Golnaz, Moosavi, Najme-Sadat, Shahbazkhani, Amirhossein, and Pouraliakbar, Hamidreza
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LITERATURE reviews ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,CARDIOVASCULAR system ,SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Background: IgG4-related disease is a fibro-inflammatory disorder with an unknown etiology, which can affect multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. While most reported cases of cardiovascular involvement are primarily associated with the aorta, there have been sporadic reports of isolated cardiac involvement. Case presentation: This paper presents a documented case of IgG4-related systemic disease with symptoms indicative of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Subsequent Cardiac Magnetic Resonance imaging revealed diffuse myopericardial involvement, characterized by pericardial thickening and enhancement, accompanied by subepicardial and myocardial infiltration. Considering the rarity of cardiac involvement in our case, we conducted a thorough review of the existing literature pertaining to various patterns of cardiac involvement in IgG4-related disease, as well as the diagnostic modalities that can be employed for accurate identification and assessment. Conclusions: This case report sheds light on the importance of recognizing and evaluating cardiac manifestations in IgG4-related systemic disease to facilitate timely diagnosis and appropriate management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. DECTNet: Dual Encoder Network combined convolution and Transformer architecture for medical image segmentation.
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Li, Boliang, Xu, Yaming, Wang, Yan, and Zhang, Bo
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CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,TRANSFORMER models ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,DEEP learning ,IMAGE segmentation ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Automatic and accurate segmentation of medical images plays an essential role in disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Convolution neural networks have achieved remarkable results in medical image segmentation in the past decade. Meanwhile, deep learning models based on Transformer architecture also succeeded tremendously in this domain. However, due to the ambiguity of the medical image boundary and the high complexity of physical organization structures, implementing effective structure extraction and accurate segmentation remains a problem requiring a solution. In this paper, we propose a novel Dual Encoder Network named DECTNet to alleviate this problem. Specifically, the DECTNet embraces four components, which are a convolution-based encoder, a Transformer-based encoder, a feature fusion decoder, and a deep supervision module. The convolutional structure encoder can extract fine spatial contextual details in images. Meanwhile, the Transformer structure encoder is designed using a hierarchical Swin Transformer architecture to model global contextual information. The novel feature fusion decoder integrates the multi-scale representation from two encoders and selects features that focus on segmentation tasks by channel attention mechanism. Further, a deep supervision module is used to accelerate the convergence of the proposed method. Extensive experiments demonstrate that, compared to the other seven models, the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results on four segmentation tasks: skin lesion segmentation, polyp segmentation, Covid-19 lesion segmentation, and MRI cardiac segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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21. Cardiac MRI-Derived Inferior Vena Cava Cross-Sectional Area Correlates with Measures of Fontan-Associated Liver Disease.
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Gunsaulus, Megan, Wang, Li, Haack, Lindsey, Christopher, Adam, Feingold, Brian, Squires, James, Horslen, Simon, Hoskoppal, Arvind, Rose-Felker, Kirsten, West, Shawn, Trucco, Sara, Squires, Judy, Olivieri, Laura, Kreutzer, Jacqueline, Goldstein, Bryan, and Alsaied, Tarek
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VENA cava inferior ,LIVER diseases ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,CIRRHOSIS of the liver ,MEDICAL screening - Abstract
There is currently no clear consensus on screening techniques to evaluate the presence or severity of Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD). Cardiac MRI (CMR) is used routinely for post-Fontan surveillance, but CMR-derived measures that relate to the severity of FALD are not yet defined. This was a cross-sectional single-center study of post-Fontan patients who underwent a CMR. CMR exams were re-analyzed by a single pediatric cardiologist. Surrogates of FALD included Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Fibrosis-4 laboratory score (FIB-4), and imaging findings. Findings consistent with cirrhosis on liver ultrasound included increased liver echogenicity and/or nodularity. Statistical analyses were performed to investigate potential relationships between CMR parameters and markers of FALD. Sixty-one patients were included. A larger inferior vena cava cross-sectional area (IVC-CSA) indexed to height was significantly associated with a higher FIB-4 score (Spearman's ρ = 0.28, p = 0.04), a higher GGT level (Spearman's ρ = 0.40, p = 0.02), and findings consistent with cirrhosis on liver ultrasound (OR 1.17, 95% CI: (1.01, 1.35), p = 0.04). None of the other CMR parameters were associated with markers of FALD. A larger indexed IVC-CSA was associated with higher systemic ventricle end-diastolic pressure (EDP) on cardiac catheterization (Spearman's ρ = 0.39, p = 0.018) as well as older age (Spearman's ρ = 0.46, p = < 0.001). Indexed IVC-CSA was the only CMR parameter that was associated with markers of FALD. This measure has the potential to serve as an additional non-invasive tool to improve screening strategies for FALD. Visual abstract summarizing the primary findings of this paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Importance of Multimodality Cardiac Imaging in the Diagnosis of Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interatrial Septum—A View beyond Standard Situations.
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Șoșdean, Raluca, Lazăr, Mihai-Andrei, Pescariu, Silvius Alexandru, Mircea, Monica-Nicoleta, Lala, Radu Ioan, Mornoș, Cristian, Luca, Constantin Tudor, and Ionac, Adina
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ATRIAL septum ,CARDIAC imaging ,LUNGS ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,TRANSESOPHAGEAL echocardiography ,DIAGNOSIS ,ATRIAL flutter - Abstract
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum (LHIAS) represents a benign proliferation of lipoid cells at the level of the interatrial septum (IAS) inducing an important thickening of this structure. It respects the fossa ovalis (FO) region, having a typical "hourglass" echocardiographic appearance. There are certain cases though, with unusual appearances and/or with associated pathologies that may induce similar lesions in the heart, in which the differential diagnosis cannot be guaranteed using only the standard methods. The final diagnosis has important implications in these patients' treatment plan. In this paper, we present an unusual case of a female patient undergoing chemotherapy for lung carcinoma, suspected of right atrial thrombosis/metastasis. As the diagnosis was unclear after transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), inducing the suspicion of an IAS mass with atrial wall infiltration, bi- and tridimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) was performed, revealing a severely and homogenously hypertrophied IAS respecting the FO, but lacking a clear visualization of the atrial wall. The diagnosis of LHIAS was established by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) that certified the adipose nature of the structure, excluding the need for invasive investigations and/or treatment options. Multimodality imaging is very important for the clinician in adopting the best management plan for each individual patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Native cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping and cardiac mechanics as assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with beta-thalassaemia major
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Wing-Shan See, Edwina Kam-fung So, Gloria Yu-Yan Hwang, Leanne Chin, Lawrence Ip, Wendy Wai-man Lam, Shau-yin Ha, and Yiu-fai Cheung
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Original Paper ,Cardiac mechanics ,RC666-701 ,cardiovascular system ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Thalassaemia major ,T1 mapping ,Myocardial strain ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
Background: We hypothesize that cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) native T1 is associated with myocardial deformation in thalassaemia patients. The present study aimed to compare CMR native T1 values to conventional T2* values in patients with beta-thalassaemia and to explore relationships between these CMR parameters of myocardial iron overload and left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) myocardial deformation. Methods: Thirty-four (16 males) patients aged 35.5 ± 9.2 years were studied. Myocardial T2* and T1 mapping were performed to assess the cardiac iron overload, while two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed in determine LV and LA myocardial deformation. Results: T2* was 36.4 ± 8.7 ms with 3 patients having myocardial iron load (T2*
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- 2022
24. Alcohol septal ablation markedly reduces energy loss in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction: A four-dimensional flow cardiac magnetic resonance study
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Mamoru Nanasato, Morimasa Takayama, Mitsuru Kanisawa, Nobuo Iguchi, Zhehao Dai, Shohei Miyazaki, Naokazu Mizuno, Itaru Takamisawa, and Mitsuaki Isobe
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LV, left ventricle/left ventricular ,Alcohol septal ablation ,Energy loss ,medicine.medical_specialty ,ASA, alcohol septal ablation ,LVOTO, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction ,HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ,ROI, region of interest ,Ventricular outflow tract obstruction ,Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ,Interquartile range ,Internal medicine ,LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Medicine ,NYHA, New York Heart Association ,Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction ,4D flow MRI ,Original Paper ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cardiac cycle ,4D, four-dimensional ,business.industry ,Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,TTE, transthoracic echocardiography ,RC666-701 ,cardiovascular system ,Cardiology ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,MRI, magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
Background: Functional follow-up modalities of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with left ventricular (LV) outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) subjected to alcohol septal ablation (ASA) are limited. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients of HCM with LVOTO who underwent ASA and four-dimensional (4D) flow cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) both before and after ASA. We analyzed energy loss in one cardiac cycle within the three-chamber plane of the LV and aortic root, and compared between pre- and post-ASA measurements. Results: Of the 26 included patients, 10 (39%) were male, and median age was 71 (interquartile range 58–78) years. ASA significantly reduced not only LVOT pressure gradient (70 [19–50] to 9 [3–16], P
- Published
- 2021
25. A Convolutional Neural Network Model to Segment Myocardial Infarction from MRI Images.
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Shaaf, Zakarya Farea, Jamil, Muhammad Mahadi Abdul, and Ambar, Radzi
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MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,HEART diseases ,LEFT heart ventricle ,MACHINE learning ,MYOCARDIUM ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases - Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the deadliest cardiac diseases that require more consideration. Recently, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been applied as a standard technique for assessing such diseases. The segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) and myocardium from MRI images is vital in detecting MI disease at its early stages. The automatic segmentation of LV is still challenging due to the complex structures of MRI images, inhomogeneous LV shape and moving organs around the LV, such as the lungs and diaphragm. Thus, this study proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for LV and myocardium segmentation to detect MI. The layers selection and hyper-parameters fine-tuning were applied before the training phase. The model showed robust performance based on the evaluation metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, dice score coefficient (DSC), Jaccard index and intersection over union (IOU) with values of 0.86, 0.91, 0.84, 0.81, 0.69 and 0.83, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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26. Segmentation of the Left Ventricle in Cardiac MRI Using Random Walk Techniques.
- Author
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Faragallah, Osama S., Abdel-Aziz, Ghada, El-sayed, Hala S., and Geweid, Gamal G. N.
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RANDOM walks ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,IMAGE segmentation ,HEART ventricles ,MEDICAL personnel ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases - Abstract
As a regular tool for assessing and diagnosing cardiovascular disease (CVD), medical professionals and health care centers, are highly dependent on cardiac imaging. The purpose of dividing the cardiac images is to paint the inner and outer walls of the heart to divide all or part of the limb's boundaries. In order to enhance cardiologist in the process of cardiac segmentation, new and accurate methods are needed to divide the selected object, which is the left ventricle (LV). Segmentation techniques aim to provide a fast segmentation process and improve the reliability of the process. In this paper, a comparative study is made on basic random walk (BRW), extended random walk with priors (ERW), and high-speed random walk (HSRW) techniques. In the presented paper, we have applied three different types of medical image segmentation techniques to many Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance images (CMRIs) in our experimental evaluation to lead statistically significant conclusion and confirm that our results are generalized. We have used 125 sets of CMRIs generated from five groups of patients with different types of cardiovascular disease to get the precise capacity of the productivity of the introduced method. In this paper, several performance metrics are used for instance correspondence coefficient D, distance, and PSNR. In the presented paper, a short-axis 3D multilayer CMRIs database has been taken and applied on many case studies to decide the outcomes of several segmentation methods. Throughout the experiments, the performance time for three segmentation methods are also calculated and utilized in the comparison process as another important performance factor. The experimental results show that ERW technique is the furthermost accurate segmentation technique among all the approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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27. Multimodality Imaging in Advanced Heart Failure for Diagnosis, Management and Follow-Up: A Comprehensive Review.
- Author
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Pergola, Valeria, Cameli, Matteo, Mattesi, Giulia, Mushtaq, Saima, D'Andrea, Antonello, Guaricci, Andrea Igoren, Pastore, Maria Concetta, Amato, Filippo, Dellino, Carlo Maria, Motta, Raffaella, Perazzolo Marra, Martina, Dellegrottaglie, Santo, Pedrinelli, Roberto, Iliceto, Sabino, Nodari, Savina, Perrone Filardi, Pasquale, and Pontone, Gianluca
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HEART failure ,CARDIAC imaging ,SPECKLE tracking echocardiography ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ,HEART transplantation ,HOMOGRAFTS ,CARDIAC radionuclide imaging - Abstract
Advanced heart failure (AHF) presents a complex landscape with challenges spanning diagnosis, management, and patient outcomes. In response, the integration of multimodality imaging techniques has emerged as a pivotal approach. This comprehensive review delves into the profound significance of these imaging strategies within AHF scenarios. Multimodality imaging, encompassing echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), nuclear imaging and cardiac computed tomography (CCT), stands as a cornerstone in the care of patients with both short- and long-term mechanical support devices. These techniques facilitate precise device selection, placement, and vigilant monitoring, ensuring patient safety and optimal device functionality. In the context of orthotopic cardiac transplant (OTC), the role of multimodality imaging remains indispensable. Echocardiography offers invaluable insights into allograft function and potential complications. Advanced methods, like speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), empower the detection of acute cell rejection. Nuclear imaging, CMR and CCT further enhance diagnostic precision, especially concerning allograft rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy. This comprehensive imaging approach goes beyond diagnosis, shaping treatment strategies and risk assessment. By harmonizing diverse imaging modalities, clinicians gain a panoramic understanding of each patient's unique condition, facilitating well-informed decisions. The aim is to highlight the novelty and unique aspects of recently published papers in the field. Thus, this review underscores the irreplaceable role of multimodality imaging in elevating patient outcomes, refining treatment precision, and propelling advancements in the evolving landscape of advanced heart failure management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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28. Enhancement of intra-cardiac flow-field data using adaptive Kernel filtering.
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Banerjee, Shataneek, Ghosh, Amardip, and Pal, Prasanta
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ADAPTIVE filters ,HEART size ,HARMONIC functions ,RANDOM noise theory ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,KALMAN filtering ,KERNEL (Mathematics) - Abstract
A method of determining the optimal kernel size for filtering noise in vortex dominated flow-fields, as found in the cardiac chambers is presented in this paper. Using synthetic flow fields generated using harmonic functions and perturbed using Gaussian noises of different amplitudes and spreads, the effect of kernel size on noise removal using the Median filter is tested systematically. It is shown that there exists an optimal kernel size at which the Median filter works best. The size of the optimal kernel is shown to be related to the vortex size. When applied to MRI generated cardiac flow-fields, the approach is seen to reveal underlying vortex patterns thereby aiding as an effective tool in the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac diseases based on vortices as clinical biomarkers. The behavior of the restored cardiac flow fields which are filtered with the optimal kernel size and also with some values preceding and succeeding it are similar to that observed in studies with synthetic flow fields. This confirms that the optimal size of the kernel is related to the cardiac vortex size as is observed in the case of synthetic flow fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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29. How Imaging Techniques Improve Ventricular Arrhythmia Ablation: A Multimodality-Based Approach.
- Author
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Robles, Antonio Gianluca, Jan, Matevž, Prolič Kalinšek, Tine, Antolič, Bor, Rauber, Martin, Klemen, Luka, Šinkovec, Matjaž, Romano, Silvio, Sciarra, Luigi, and Pernat, Andrej
- Subjects
VENTRICULAR arrhythmia ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,CARDIAC arrest ,COMPUTED tomography ,IMPLANTABLE cardioverter-defibrillators - Abstract
Although implantable cardioverter defibrillators offer the best protection against sudden cardiac death, catheter ablation for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) can modify or prevent this event from occurring. In order to achieve a successful ablation, the correct identification of the underlying arrhythmogenic substrate is mandatory to tailor the pre-procedural planning of an ablative procedure as appropriately as possible. We propose that several of the imaging modalities currently used could be merged, including echocardiography (also intracardiac), cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac computed tomography, nuclear techniques, and electroanatomic mapping. The aim of this state-of-the-art review is to present the value of each modality, that is, its benefits and limitations, in the assessment of arrhythmogenic substrate. Moreover, VAs can be also idiopathic, and in this paper we will underline the role of these techniques in facilitating the ablative procedure. Finally, a hands-on workflow for approaching such a VA and future perspectives will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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30. Utility of Fetal Cardiac Resonance Imaging in Prenatal Clinical Practice: Current State of the Art.
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Pozza, Alice, Reffo, Elena, Castaldi, Biagio, Cattapan, Irene, Avesani, Martina, Biffanti, Roberta, Cavaliere, Annachiara, Cerutti, Alessia, and Di Salvo, Giovanni
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CARDIAC imaging ,MEDICAL personnel ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,MEDICAL specialties & specialists - Abstract
The field of prenatal cardiac imaging has revolutionized the way we understand and manage congenital heart diseases (CHD) in the developing fetus. In the prenatal period, cardiac imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnostic pathway, from screening to classification and follow-up of CHD. The ability to visualize the fetal heart in utero allows healthcare professionals to detect abnormalities early, thus enabling timely interventions and informed decision-making processes for both the mother and the medical team. Early CHD detection improves preparation for delivery, postnatal care, and postnatal outcomes. Advancements in medical technology and imaging techniques have provided clinicians with insights into the fascinating workings of the fetal heart. Several imaging modalities have proven to be helpful in this field, with echocardiography undoubtedly representing the primary modality for evaluating the fetus. By providing detailed anatomical and functional information, fetal cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging contributes to better prenatal counseling and enhances the coordination of care between obstetricians, maternal–fetal medicine specialists, and pediatric cardiologists. Shortcomings of fetal CMR are due to technical concerns related to the intrauterine position of the fetus and subsequent challenges to following a standard scan protocol. The aim of this paper was to revise the current state-of-the-art in the field of fetal CMR and its clinical applications and to delve into methods, challenges, and future directions of fetal CMR in prenatal imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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31. ESTENOSE AÓRTICA: AVALIAÇÃO CLÍNICA E TRATAMENTO CIRÚRGICO.
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Nunes Faria, Iollanda, Mendonça Andrade, Bianca, Silame Braga, Victor, Vieira Duarte Baptista, Izabela, Mota Vidal, Maria Luiza, Ferreira Rocha, Jayne, Macedo Lembrance, Ana Julia, Ferreira de Souza, Graciano Samuel, Alves de Souza Rodrigues, Juliana, and Alzamora Copio, Lais
- Subjects
CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,AORTIC stenosis ,AORTIC valve transplantation ,AORTIC valve ,LITERATURE reviews ,SCIENTIFIC literature - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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32. Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging of Cardiotoxicity Due to Cancer Therapy.
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Contaldi, Carla, Montesarchio, Vincenzo, Catapano, Dario, Falco, Luigi, Caputo, Francesca, D'Aniello, Carmine, Masarone, Daniele, and Pacileo, Giuseppe
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CARDIAC radionuclide imaging ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,CARDIOTOXICITY ,CANCER treatment ,DOPPLER echocardiography ,HEART valve diseases ,CARDIOVASCULAR system - Abstract
Cancer therapies have revolutionized patient survival rates, yet they come with the risk of cardiotoxicity, necessitating effective monitoring and management. The existing guidelines offer a limited empirical basis for practical approaches in various clinical scenarios. This article explores the intricate relationship between cancer therapy and the cardiovascular system, highlighting the role of advanced multimodality imaging in monitoring patients before, during, and after cancer treatment. This review outlines the cardiovascular effects of different cancer therapy classes, offering a comprehensive understanding of their dose- and time-dependent impacts. This paper delves into diverse imaging modalities such as echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac computed tomography, and nuclear imaging, detailing their strengths and limitations in various conditions due to cancer treatment, such as cardiac dysfunction, myocarditis, coronary artery disease, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, arterial hypertension, valvular heart diseases, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Moreover, it underscores the significance of long-term follow-up for cancer survivors and discusses future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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33. Cardiac Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes.
- Author
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Rubiś, Paweł P.
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS ,LIPID metabolism ,BEHCET'S disease ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,DISEASE risk factors - Published
- 2022
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34. Technical Note: Swing golden angle – A navigator‐interleaved golden angle trajectory with eddy current suppression – Application in free‐running cardiac MRI.
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Li, Zhongsen, Sun, Aiqi, Liu, Chuyu, Sun, Haozhong, Wei, Haining, Wang, Shuai, and Li, Rui
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- *
CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *GOLDEN ratio , *STANDARD deviations , *CARDIAC imaging - Abstract
Background: Golden angle (GA) radial trajectory is advantageous for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recently, several advanced algorithms have been developed based on navigator‐interleaved GA trajectory to realize free‐running cardiac MRI. However, navigator‐interleaved GA trajectory suffers from the eddy‐current effect, which reduces the image quality. Purpose: This work aims to integrate the navigator‐interleaved GA trajectory with clinical cardiac MRI acquisition, with the minimum eddy‐current artifacts. The ultimate goal is to realize a high‐quality free‐running cardiac imaging technique. Methods: In this paper, we propose a new "swing golden angle" (swingGA) radial profile order. SwingGA samples the k‐space by rotating back and forth at the generalized golden ratio interval, with smoothly interleaved navigator readouts. The sampling efficiency and angle increment distributions were investigated by numerical simulations. Static phantom imaging experiments were conducted to evaluate the eddy current effect, compared with cartesian, golden angle radial (GA), and tiny golden angle (tGA) trajectories. Furthermore, 12 heart‐healthy subjects (aged 21–25 years) were recruited for free‐running cardiac imaging with different sampling trajectories. Dynamic images were reconstructed by a low‐rank subspace‐constrained algorithm. The image quality was evaluated by signal‐to‐noise‐ratio and spectrum analysis in the heart region, and compared with traditional clinical cardiac MRI images. Results: SwingGA pattern achieves the highest sampling efficiency (mSE > 0.925) and the minimum azimuthal angle increment (mAD < 1.05). SwingGA can effectively suppress eddy currents in static phantom images, with the lowest normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) values among radial trajectories. For the in‐vivo cardiac images, swingGA enjoys the highest SNR both in the blood pool and myocardium, and contains the minimum level of high‐frequency artifacts. The free‐running cardiac images have good consistency with traditional clinical cardiac MRI, and the swingGA sampling pattern achieves the best image quality among all sampling patterns. Conclusions: The proposed swingGA sampling pattern can effectively improve the sampling efficiency and reduce the eddy currents for the navigator‐interleaved GA sequence. SwingGA is a promising sampling pattern for free‐running cardiac MRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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35. Reference Values for Fetal Cardiac Dimensions, Volumes, Ventricular Function and Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain Using Doppler Ultrasound Gated Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Healthy Third Trimester Fetuses.
- Author
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Minocha, Prashant K., Englund, Erin K., Friesen, Richard M., Fujiwara, Takashi, Smith, Sarah A., Meyers, Mariana L., Browne, Lorna P., and Barker, Alex J.
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FETAL MRI ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,DOPPLER ultrasonography ,REFERENCE values ,FETAL ultrasonic imaging ,FETAL echocardiography - Abstract
Background: Recent advances in hardware and software permit the use of cardiac MRI of late gestation fetuses, however there is a paucity of MRI‐based reference values. Purpose: To provide initial data on fetal cardiac MRI‐derived cardiac dimensions, volumes, ventricular function, and left ventricular longitudinal strain in healthy developing fetuses >30 weeks gestational age. Study Type: Prospective. Population: Twenty‐five third trimester (34 ± 1 weeks, range of 32–37 weeks gestation) women with healthy developing fetuses. Field Strength/Sequence: Studies were performed at 1.5 T and 3 T. Cardiac synchronization was achieved with a Doppler ultrasound device. The protocol included T2 single shot turbo spin echo stacks for fetal weight and ultrasound probe positioning, and multiplanar multi‐slice cine balanced steady state free precession gradient echo sequences. Assessment: Primary analyses were performed by a single observer. Weight indexed right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) volumes and function were calculated from short axis (SAX) stacks. Cardiac dimensions were calculated from the four‐chamber and SAX stacks. Single plane LV longitudinal strain was calculated from the four‐chamber stack. Interobserver variability was assessed in 10 participants. Cardiac MRI values were compared against available published normative fetal echocardiogram data using z‐scores. Statistical Tests: Mean and SDs were calculated for baseline maternal/fetal demographics, cardiac dimensions, volumes, ventricular function, and left ventricular longitudinal strain. Bland–Altman and intraclass correlation coefficient analysis was performed to test interobserver variability. Results: The mean gestational age was 34 ± 1.4 weeks. The mean RV and LV end diastolic volumes were 3.1 ± 0.6 mL/kg and 2.4 ± 0.5 mL/kg respectively. The mean RV cardiac output was 198 ± 49 mL/min/kg while the mean LV cardiac output was 173 ± 43 mL/min/kg. Data Conclusion: This paper reports initial reference values obtained by cardiac MRI in healthy developing third trimester fetuses. MRI generally resulted in slightly larger indexed values (by z‐score) compared to reports in literature using fetal echocardiography. Evidence level: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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36. Selecting cardiac magnetic resonance images suitable for annotation of pulmonary arteries using an active-learning based deep learning model.
- Author
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van der Veen, Werner, Benjamins, Jan-Walter, Yeung, Ming Wai, and van der Harst, Pim
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DEEP learning ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,ACTIVE learning ,PULMONARY artery ,MEDICAL personnel ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
An increasing and aging patient population poses a growing burden on healthcare professionals. Automation of medical imaging diagnostics holds promise for enhancing patient care and reducing manpower required to accommodate an increasing patient-population. Deep learning, a subset of machine learning, has the potential to facilitate automated diagnostics, but commonly requires large-scaled labeled datasets. In medical domains, data is often abundant but labeling is a laborious and costly task. Active learning provides a method to optimize the selection of unlabeled samples that are most suitable for improvement of the model and incorporate them into the model training process. This approach proves beneficial when only a small number of labeled samples are available. Various selection methods currently exist, but most of them employ fixed querying schedules. There is limited research on how the timing of a query can impact performance in relation to the number of queried samples. This paper proposes a novel approach called dynamic querying, which aims to optimize the timing of queries to enhance model development while utilizing as few labeled images as possible. The performance of the proposed model is compared to a model trained utilizing a fully-supervised training method, and its effectiveness is assessed based on dataset size requirements and loss rates. Dynamic querying demonstrates a considerably faster learning curve in relation to the number of labeled samples used, achieving an accuracy of 70% using only 24 samples, compared to 82% for a fully-supervised model trained on the complete training dataset of 1017 images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
37. "Under the Bridge": Looking for Ischemia in a Patient with Intramyocardial Coronary Artery Course—The Role of the Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test.
- Author
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Mapelli, Massimo, Cattadori, Gaia, Salvioni, Elisabetta, Mattavelli, Irene, Pestrin, Emanuele, Attanasio, Umberto, Magrì, Damiano, Palermo, Pietro, and Agostoni, Piergiuseppe
- Subjects
EXERCISE tests ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,CORONARY arteries ,CORONARY artery stenosis ,LEFT ventricular dysfunction - Abstract
Many variables obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), including O
2 uptake (VO2 ) versus heart rate (HR, O2 -pulse) and work rate (VO2 /Watt), provide quantitative patterns of responses to exercise when left ventricular dysfunction is an effect of myocardial ischemia (MI). Therefore, CPET offers a unique approach to evaluate exercise-induced MI in the presence of fixed or dynamic coronary arteries stenosis. In this paper, we examined the case of a 74-year-old patient presenting with an ischemic CPET and a normal stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with dipyridamole. A coronary angiography demonstrated the presence of myocardial bridging (MB), a well-known congenital coronary anomaly that is able to generate MI during exercise (but not in provocative testing using coronary artery vasodilators, such as dipyridamole). Despite the good diagnostic accuracy of the imaging methods (i.e., stress CMR) in MI detection, this case shows that exercise should be the method of choice in elicit ischemia in specific cases, like MB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
38. A Hybrid Model for Cardiac Perfusion: Coupling a Discrete Coronary Arterial Tree Model with a Continuous Porous-Media Flow Model of the Myocardium.
- Author
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Alves, João R., Berg, Lucas A., Gaio, Evandro D., Rocha, Bernardo M., de Queiroz, Rafael A. B., and dos Santos, Rodrigo W.
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MYOCARDIUM ,HEART ,CORONARY circulation ,PERFUSION ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,ARTERIAL stenosis ,CONTRAST media - Abstract
This paper presents a novel hybrid approach for the computational modeling of cardiac perfusion, combining a discrete model of the coronary arterial tree with a continuous porous-media flow model of the myocardium. The constructive constrained optimization (CCO) algorithm captures the detailed topology and geometry of the coronary arterial tree network, while Poiseuille's law governs blood flow within this network. Contrast agent dynamics, crucial for cardiac MRI perfusion assessment, are modeled using reaction–advection–diffusion equations within the porous-media framework. The model incorporates fibrosis–contrast agent interactions and considers contrast agent recirculation to simulate myocardial infarction and Gadolinium-based late-enhancement MRI findings. Numerical experiments simulate various scenarios, including normal perfusion, endocardial ischemia resulting from stenosis, and myocardial infarction. The results demonstrate the model's efficacy in establishing the relationship between blood flow and stenosis in the coronary arterial tree and contrast agent dynamics and perfusion in the myocardial tissue. The hybrid model enables the integration of information from two different exams: computational fractional flow reserve (cFFR) measurements of the heart coronaries obtained from CT scans and heart perfusion and anatomy derived from MRI scans. The cFFR data can be integrated with the discrete arterial tree, while cardiac perfusion MRI data can be incorporated into the continuum part of the model. This integration enhances clinical understanding and treatment strategies for managing cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Topological Identification of Vortical Flow Structures in the Left Ventricle of the Heart.
- Author
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Takashi Sakajo and Keiichi Itatani
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LEFT heart ventricle ,HEART ,FLOW visualization ,BLOOD flow ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,MEDICAL sciences ,HEART diseases - Abstract
Vortical blood flow structures inside the heart's left ventricle (LV) play a crucial role in an efficient blood supply from the heart to organs. Recent medical imaging and computational technology progress have brought us blood flow visualization tools in echocardiography and cardiac MRI. However, there are still few tools to precisely capture the vortical flow structures since the flow is highly unsteady and turbulent. Because of the importance of vortex flow power force on the prognosis of cardiac functions in heart diseases, identifying the vortex flow structure without ambiguity is essential in medical science. In this paper, we propose a mathematical method to describe the topological features of two-dimensional (2D) flows with symbolic graph expressions, called COT representations. Since the heart contracts and relaxes repeatedly in a short time range, the instantaneous blood flow pattern along this moving boundary would appear as a source/sink structure. This means that the flow does not satisfy the slip-boundary condition that is assumed in the preceding topological classification theory for 2D flows [T. Sakajo and T. Yokoyama, IMA J. Appl. Math., 83 (2018), pp. 380--411], [T. Sakajo and Y. Yokoyama, Discrete Math. Algorithms Appl., 15 (2023), 2250143]. We thus establish a new topological classification theory and an algorithm suitable for blood flow with the moving boundary condition by introducing a degenerate singular point named n-bundled ss-saddle. Applying the theory to 2D blood flow patterns obtained by the visualization tools, we successfully identify vortical flow structures as topological vortex structures. This realizes a new image processing characterizing healthy blood flow patterns as well as inefficient patterns in diseased hearts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Studies from Hebei University Further Understanding of Obesity, Fitness and Wellness (Superpixel Conditional Generation Adversarial Network for Cmr Artifact Correction).
- Subjects
GENERATIVE adversarial networks ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,IMAGE reconstruction ,FEATURE extraction ,ELECTRONIC records - Abstract
A study conducted at Hebei University in Baoding, People's Republic of China, has proposed a new method for correcting motion artifacts in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images. The researchers developed a superpixel conditional Generative Adversarial Network (spcGAN) that uses superpixel segmentation and pooling to enhance image reconstruction and consider local structure and details. The study found that the spcGAN performed better than existing methods in removing motion artifacts from CMR images. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in the journal Image and Vision Computing. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
41. Kardioonkologie – die Rolle der MRT: Inflammation, Fibrose, Outcome
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Erley, Jennifer, Beitzen-Heineke, Antonia, and Tahir, Enver
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- 2024
- Full Text
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42. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging as an Adjunct to the Evaluation of Cardiovascular Involvement in Diabetes Mellitus.
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Mavrogeni, Sophie I., Markousis-Mavrogenis, George, Bacopoulou, Flora, and Chrousos, George P.
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CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,DIABETES ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,TYPE 1 diabetes ,ARRHYTHMIA ,GLYCEMIC control - Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a new epidemic which has presented an immense increase in recent decades, due to the rapid increase in obesity. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) significantly reduces life expectancy and is the main cause of death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Strict glycemic control is a well-established method to combat microvascular CVD of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM); its role against CVD of the T2DM risk has not been well documented. Therefore, the most efficient prevention is multifactorial risk factor reduction. Recently, the European Society of Cardiology published its 2019 recommendations on CVD in DM. Although all clinical points were discussed in this document, only a few comments were presented about when and how we should recommend cardiovascular (CV) imaging. Currently, CV imaging is the "must" in CV noninvasive evaluation. Alterations in CV imaging parameters can lead to early recognition of various types of CVD. In this paper, we briefly discuss the role of noninvasive imaging modalities, emphasizing the benefits of including cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the evaluation of DM. CMR, in the same examination, can provide an assessment of tissue characterization, perfusion and function, with excellent reproducibility and without radiation or limitations, due to the body habitus. Therefore, it can play a dominant role in the prevention and risk stratification of DM. The suggested protocol for DM evaluation should include routine annual echocardiographic evaluation of all DM patients and CMR assessment of those with poorly controlled DM, microalbuminuria, heart failure, arrhythmia and recent alterations in clinical or echocardiographic evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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43. Structural Abnormalities in Brugada Syndrome and Non-Invasive Cardiac Imaging: A Systematic Review.
- Author
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De Raffele, Martina, Di Domenico, Assunta, Balla, Cristina, Vitali, Francesco, Boccadoro, Alberto, Pavasini, Rita, Micillo, Marco, Cocco, Marta, Campo, Gianluca, Bertini, Matteo, and Tonet, Elisabetta
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BRUGADA syndrome ,ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ,CARDIAC imaging ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,SODIUM channels - Abstract
Simple Summary: Brugada syndrome (BrS) has always been considered a purely electrical disease and imaging techniques do not currently play a specific role in the diagnosis of this arrhythmic syndrome. The aim of this review is to identify possible structural abnormalities of BrS and their potential association with symptoms, risk stratification, and prognosis. The aim of this review is to identify possible structural abnormalities of BrS and their potential association with symptoms, risk stratification, and prognosis. (1) Background: BrS has always been considered a purely electrical disease and imaging techniques do not currently play a specific role in the diagnosis of this arrhythmic syndrome. Some authors have recently hypothesized the presence of structural and functional abnormalities. Therefore, several studies investigated the presence of pathological features in echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with BrS, but results were controversial. (2) Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature on the spectrum of features detected by echocardiography and cardiac MRI. Articles were searched in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Biomed Central. Only papers published in English and in peer-reviewed journals up to November 2021 were selected. After an initial evaluation, 596 records were screened; the literature search identified 19 relevant articles. (3) Results: The imaging findings associated with BrS were as follows: right ventricular dilation, right ventricular wall motion abnormalities, delayed right ventricular contraction, speckle and feature tracking abnormalities, late gadolinium enhancement, and fat infiltration in the right ventricle. Furthermore, these features emerged more frequently in patients carrying the genetic mutation on the sodium voltage-gated channel α-subunit 5 (SCN5A) gene. (4) Conclusions: Specific imaging features detected by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance are associated with BrS. However, this population appears to be heterogeneous and imaging anomalies emerged to be more frequent in patients carrying genetic mutations of SCN5A. Future studies with an evaluation of BrS patients are needed to identify the specific association linking the Brugada pattern, imaging abnormalities and their possible correlation with prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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44. Deep learning watershed algorithm to calculate cardiac stroke volume of the left ventricle for the analysis to detect person suffering from cardiac vascular diseases using cardiac MRI data.
- Author
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Pawar, Shilpa Devram, Wallis, Shipra, Singha, Priyanka, and Singh, Divya
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- *
CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging , *MACHINE learning , *VASCULAR diseases , *DEEP learning , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *IMAGE segmentation - Abstract
The broadly used approach for cardiac image segmentation is deep learning. In deep learning, the watershed algorithm is a conventional procedure used for segmentation that is for segregating different regions in an image. This paper calculated the cardiac stroke volume of the left ventricle per heartbeat of a healthy person and patients having Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVD) using a magnetic resonance image (MRI) data set. This paper plots the graph of the cardiac stroke volume of the left ventricle of healthy people and CVD patients. The graph is a plot by taking the mean of 15 healthy persons and 15 CVD patients' cardiac stroke volume of the left ventricle. Finally, by using the watershed algorithm, the analysis can detect whether the person is suffering from CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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45. Left Ventricle Detection from Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry Images Using Visual Transformer.
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De Santi, Lisa Anita, Meloni, Antonella, Santarelli, Maria Filomena, Pistoia, Laura, Spasiano, Anna, Casini, Tommaso, Putti, Maria Caterina, Cuccia, Liana, Cademartiri, Filippo, and Positano, Vincenzo
- Subjects
CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,OBJECT recognition (Computer vision) - Abstract
Left Ventricle (LV) detection from Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging is a fundamental step, preliminary to myocardium segmentation and characterization. This paper focuses on the application of a Visual Transformer (ViT), a novel neural network architecture, to automatically detect LV from CMR relaxometry sequences. We implemented an object detector based on the ViT model to identify LV from CMR multi-echo T2* sequences. We evaluated performances differentiated by slice location according to the American Heart Association model using 5-fold cross-validation and on an independent dataset of CMR T2*, T2, and T1 acquisitions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to localize LV from relaxometry sequences and the first application of ViT for LV detection. We collected an Intersection over Union ( I o U ) index of 0.68 and a Correct Identification Rate ( C I R ) of blood pool centroid of 0.99, comparable with other state-of-the-art methods. I o U and C I R values were significantly lower in apical slices. No significant differences in performances were assessed on independent T2* dataset ( I o U = 0.68, p = 0.405; C I R = 0.94, p = 0.066). Performances were significantly worse on the T2 and T1 independent datasets (T2: I o U = 0.62, C I R = 0.95; T1: I o U = 0.67, C I R = 0.98), but still encouraging considering the different types of acquisition. This study confirms the feasibility of the application of ViT architectures in LV detection and defines a benchmark for relaxometry imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Artificial Intelligence as a Diagnostic Tool in Non-Invasive Imaging in the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease.
- Author
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Doolub, Gemina, Mamalakis, Michail, Alabed, Samer, Van der Geest, Rob J., Swift, Andrew J., Rodrigues, Jonathan C. L., Garg, Pankaj, Joshi, Nikhil V., and Dastidar, Amardeep
- Subjects
CORONARY artery disease ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,ARRHYTHMIA ,MACHINE learning ,IMAGE analysis ,SKIN cancer - Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and it is associated with considerable economic burden. In an ageing, multimorbid population, it has become increasingly important to develop reliable, consistent, low-risk, non-invasive means of diagnosing CAD. The evolution of multiple cardiac modalities in this field has addressed this dilemma to a large extent, not only in providing information regarding anatomical disease, as is the case with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), but also in contributing critical details about functional assessment, for instance, using stress cardiac magnetic resonance (S-CMR). The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is developing at an astounding pace, especially in healthcare. In healthcare, key milestones have been achieved using AI and machine learning (ML) in various clinical settings, from smartwatches detecting arrhythmias to retinal image analysis and skin cancer prediction. In recent times, we have seen an emerging interest in developing AI-based technology in the field of cardiovascular imaging, as it is felt that ML methods have potential to overcome some limitations of current risk models by applying computer algorithms to large databases with multidimensional variables, thus enabling the inclusion of complex relationships to predict outcomes. In this paper, we review the current literature on the various applications of AI in the assessment of CAD, with a focus on multimodality imaging, followed by a discussion on future perspectives and critical challenges that this field is likely to encounter as it continues to evolve in cardiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Africans with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy.
- Author
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Tsabedze, Nqoba, du Plessis, Andre, Mpanya, Dineo, Vorster, Anelia, Wells, Quinn, Scholtz, Leonie, and Manga, Pravin
- Subjects
CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,DILATED cardiomyopathy ,VENTRICULAR ejection fraction - Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is a common yet poorly investigated cause of heart failure. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the gold standard for tissue characterisation and volumetric quantification. In this paper, we present CMR findings obtained from a cohort of patients with IDCM in Southern Africa suspected of having a genetic cause of cardiomyopathy. A total of 78 IDCM study participants were referred for CMR imaging. The participants had a median left ventricular ejection fraction of 24% [interquartile range, (IQR): 18–34]. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was visualised in 43 (55.1%) participants and localised in the midwall in 28 (65.0%) participants. At the time of enrolment into the study, non-survivors had a higher median left ventricular end diastolic wall mass index of 89.4 g/m
2 (IQR: 74.5–100.6) vs. 73.6 g/m2 (IQR: 51.9–84.7), p = 0.025 and a higher median right ventricular end-systolic volume index of 86 mL/m2 (IQR:74–105) vs. 41 mL/m2 (IQR: 30–71), p < 0.001. After one year, 14 participants (17.9%) died. The hazard ratio for the risk of death in patients with evidence of LGE from CMR imaging was 0.435 (95% CI: 0.259–0.731; p = 0.002). Midwall enhancement was the most common pattern, visualised in 65% of participants. Prospective, adequately powered, and multi-centre studies across sub-Saharan Africa are required to determine the prognostic significance of CMR imaging parameters such as late gadolinium enhancement, extracellular volume fraction, and strain patterns in an African IDCM cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Dilated convolution network with edge fusion block and directional feature maps for cardiac MRI segmentation.
- Author
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Zhensen Chen, Jieyun Bai, and Yaosheng Lu
- Subjects
CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging ,COMPUTER-assisted image analysis (Medicine) ,DEEP learning ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging - Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation task refers to the accurate segmentation of ventricle and myocardium, which is a prerequisite for evaluating the soundness of cardiac function. With the development of deep learning in medical imaging, more and more heart segmentation methods based on deep learning have been proposed. Due to the fuzzy boundary and uneven intensity distribution of cardiac MRI, some existing methods do not make full use of multi-scale characteristic information and have the problem of ambiguity between classes. In this paper, we propose a dilated convolution network with edge fusion block and directional feature maps for cardiac MRI segmentation. The network uses feature fusion module to preserve boundary information, and adopts the direction field module to obtain the feature maps to improve the original segmentation features. Firstly, multi-scale feature information is obtained and fused through dilated convolutional layers of different scales while downsampling. Secondly, in the decoding stage, the edge fusion block integrates the edge features into the side output of the encoder and concatenates them with the upsampled features. Finally, the concatenated features utilize the direction field to improve the original segmentation features and generate the final result. Our propose method conducts comprehensive comparative experiments on the automated cardiac diagnosis challenge (ACDC) and myocardial pathological segmentation (MyoPS) datasets. The results show that the proposed cardiac MRI segmentation method has better performance compared to other existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Cardiac disease in Cushing’s syndrome. Emphasis on the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
- Author
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Moustaki, Melpomeni, Markousis-Mavrogenis, George, Vryonidou, Andromachi, Paschou, Stavroula A., and Mavrogeni, Sophie
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Novel Techniques in Imaging Congenital Heart Disease: JACC Scientific Statement.
- Author
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Sachdeva, Ritu, Armstrong, Aimee K., Arnaout, Rima, Grosse-Wortmann, Lars, Han, B. Kelly, Mertens, Luc, Moore, Ryan A., Olivieri, Laura J., Parthiban, Anitha, and Powell, Andrew J.
- Subjects
- *
CONGENITAL heart disease , *CARDIAC imaging , *CARDIAC magnetic resonance imaging , *CARDIAC patients , *DIGITAL twins - Abstract
Recent years have witnessed exponential growth in cardiac imaging technologies, allowing better visualization of complex cardiac anatomy and improved assessment of physiology. These advances have become increasingly important as more complex surgical and catheter-based procedures are evolving to address the needs of a growing congenital heart disease population. This state-of-the-art review presents advances in echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac computed tomography, invasive angiography, 3-dimensional modeling, and digital twin technology. The paper also highlights the integration of artificial intelligence with imaging technology. While some techniques are in their infancy and need further refinement, others have found their way into clinical workflow at well-resourced centers. Studies to evaluate the clinical value and cost-effectiveness of these techniques are needed. For techniques that enhance the value of care for congenital heart disease patients, resources will need to be allocated for education and training to promote widespread implementation. [Display omitted] • Cardiac imaging plays a crucial role in the evaluation and management of patients with congenital heart disease. • Advancements in cardiac imaging techniques will likely find rapid clinical application in the assessment of patients with congenital heart disease. • Strategies to assess clinical value and resources for training are needed before widespread implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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