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The study aims to analyze the economic determinants of national carbon emissions in a large cross-section of 119 countries. The study followed the 'theory of sustainable development' to assess the national sustainable developmental agenda. The study employed cross-sectional, robust least squares, and Markov switching regression for parameter estimates. The findings indicate that information disclosure, the cost of business start-up procedures, sustainable fuel imports, and renewable energy decrease emissions stock. In contrast, ease of doing business and logistics operations increase it. According to the ex-ante analysis, information disclosure, the cost of business start-up procedures, and environmentally friendly logistical operations would likely reduce emissions stock. Ease of doing business and lower renewable fuel expenditures will almost certainly increase emissions stock in the majority of subsequent years. Over time, information disclosure is expected to significantly impact carbon emissions, followed by renewable energy consumption, doing business, and logistical operations. Sustainable economic policies worldwide make it possible for green technology and environmentally friendly manufacturing to be put into place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial inclusion is critical element of economic growth as it makes financial services available to all facets of society and hence has an influence on environmental quality. Using data from 2004 to 2019, this research evaluates the asymmetric nexus between financial inclusion and environmental quality in the top-10 polluted nations (China, India, Russia, USA, Japan, Iran, Germany, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, and Indonesia). Previous research used panel data approaches, which resulted in usual findings of the connection between financial inclusion and environmental quality, even with the reality that numerous nations did not show such a linkage individually. This research, conversely, utilizes an exclusive method 'Quantile-on-Quantile (QQ)', which permits us to probe each nation distinctly to provide multilateral yet country-specific information about the relation between the variables. The estimations demonstrate that financial inclusion degrades environmental quality in 7 out of the 10 economies at many quantiles of data distribution. Additionally, the outcomes reveal that the degree of asymmetry between financial inclusion and carbon emissions differs by nation, stressing the need of governments giving particular attention while implementing policies related to financial inclusion and a sustainable environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humanity is in more danger from escalating greenhouse gas (G.H.G.) emissions, making the world warmer. The study examined the relationship between China's environmental technologies, ecological innovation, and carbon emissions using time-series data from 1975 to 2020. The N.A.R.D.L. approach is used to examine the cointegration of variables in the short and long run. In the short run, environmental technologies, industrialisation (I.N.D.), positive shocks to natural resource depletion (N.R.D.), negative shocks to renewable energy (R.E.) use, and technical advancements affect carbon emissions. On the other hand, positive shocks to environmental technologies and financial development (F.D.), negative shocks to N.R.D., R.E. consumption (E.C.), and technical innovation all have a long-term effect on carbon emissions. Granger causality was used to examine the causal link between variables. According to the findings, environmental technologies, F.D., technical innovation, N.R.D., and economic growth (E.G.) cause carbon emissions. The impulse response function revealed an inverse link between asymmetric environmental technology and carbon emissions. In contrast, F.D. and N.R.D. directly affect environmental degradation over time. The outcome of the variance decomposition revealed that negative shocks of F.D. would likely exert greater pressure on achieving sustainable environmental agenda. Investment in environmental technology, F.D., technological innovation and R.E. should be encouraged by the Chinese government to achieve sustainable prosperity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationship between technological innovation, logistics performance, economic growth, and carbon emissions. It assessed Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices across 101 countries from 2010 to 2018. The panel quantile regression's results confirmed the hump-shaped relationship between technology-induced carbon emissions and countries' economic growth in different quantile distributions. Logistics-induced carbon emissions show an increasing relationship with economic growth obstructing GSCM's agenda at the entire quantile distribution. The impact of insurance and financial services (IFS) and industry value-added positively affects the per capita income of countries GSCM practices. The causal inferences exhibit a feedback relationship between technological innovation, carbon emissions, logistics performance, and economic growth. In contrast, industry value-added Granger causes economic growth and IFS across countries. The results indicate that carbon damage primarily obstructs GSCM practices worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon emission is not only harmful for environment but is also expensive. The goal of financial institutions is increasingly important now that pollution emissions is rising. We used a novel econometric model in this work to assess the effect of green financing, renewable energy, trade openness, industrial upgradation, and financial development on carbon neutrality using data from Chinese cities from 2000 to 2020. According to the conclusions of the econometric research, CO2 emissions is decreased by investments in green finance, renewable energy, and financial development, but CO2 emission is raised by variables like economic growth, energy consumption, trade, and foreign direct investment. Additionally, the growth of sustainable growth helps China to achieve carbon neutrality goals. While the immediate effects of green financing on carbon neutrality through influencing renewable energy are hysterical, the direct impact of funding green on carbon neutrality is longer-lasting and more critical. These finding have significant practical implications for China's efforts to create sustainable financing and renewable energy to accomplish its carbon neutrality objectives against climate change and global warming. • Novel econometric model is used to access the relationship among the variables. • CO2 emission decreased by green finance investment. • CO2 emission increased by development of economic growth and energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 is a deadly disease that globally infected millions of people. It enormously increases economies national healthcare bills and death tolls that deprive the global world. The negative environmental externality further strains the country's healthcare sustainability agenda, causing to decline in global income. The study evaluates the different socio-economic and environmental factors to assess ecological complexity in a large, cross-country data set that includes 60 countries. The study used the following variables for estimation, i.e., coronavirus cases, cost of carbon emissions, per capita economic growth, foreign direct investment inflows, and population growth. Markov Switching Regression, VAR Granger causality and variance decomposition analysis applied on the given dataset. The results show that the COVID-19 cases have a rebound effect on environmental quality. Economic activities started after a lifted lockdown, and unsustainable production and consumption led to a deteriorating natural environment. The U-shaped relationship is found between carbon pollution and per capita income. On the other hand, the inverted U-shaped relationship is found between coronavirus cases and carbon pollution. The foreign direct investment inflows and population density increases carbon pollution. The study concludes that stringent environmental policies and incentive-based regulations help to minimize coronavirus cases and mitigate carbon pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon emissions are primarily the result of human activity in urban areas. Inadequate sanitary facilities, contaminated drinking water, nonrenewable energy, and high traffic congestion have all impacted the natural ecosystem. Using data from 1975 to 2019, the study assessed the impact of the aforementioned variables on Pakistan's carbon emissions in light of this crucial fact. The ARDL cointegration method was used to estimate the short- and long-run parameter estimates. Urban sanitation challenges and energy consumption increase carbon emissions, which affects the natural environment by raising a country's carbon intensity. Economic expansion confirmed the inverted U-shaped relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth to verify the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the long run. In contrast, the monotonically rising function of carbon emissions provides evidence of the nation's economic development in the short run. Access to clean drinking water improves population health and encourages the purchase of eco-friendly products. The government must improve sanitation services and use renewable energy sources to enhance air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's autonomy remains under pressure from male dominancy in corporate business and household affairs. Women possess natural, analytical, social, political, and economic autonomy that acknowledges the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDG-5) to empower women and girls in inclusive business. The study analyzes different aspects of women's autonomy in corporate business and the natural environment, leading to sustainable business outcomes in China between 1975 and 2019. In practice, Chinese women's political power in the decision-making process is minimal. It needs to restructure its socio-political autonomy to move toward the SDG-5 agenda. The results show that women have the political wisdom to handle corporate sustainability affairs, manage matters of corporate environmental responsibility, and increase their participation in the workforce, enabling them to sustain their lives as knowledge workers. Corporate women hold more stewardship values than men, enabling them to handle corporate sustainability matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nation sustainable development goals are largely emphasized on advancement in cleaner production technologies to take action against climate change and maintain the average global temperature less than 1.5°C. The role of carbon pricing, renewable energy, and sustainable food production would be helpful to achieve sustainable development goals in line with technological innovations. This study works in given factors and evaluated the global pace of economic growth towards sustainable development. The ex-ante and ex-post analysis is carried out on the world aggregated data for a period of 1980–2017. The results show that knowledge spillover, combustible renewables & waste, and carbon pricing substantially decreases carbon emissions, whereas trademark applications have a direct relationship with carbon emissions that exhibit the innovation embodied emissions at a global scale. The results support the inverted U-shaped relationship between carbon emissions and global income with a turning point of US$15,800 and US$11,100 by using FMOLS and DOLS estimators respectively. The ex-ante analysis shows that knowledge spillover, trademark applications, and carbon pricing will largely decrease carbon emissions while carbon pricing, food production index, FDI inflows, and broad money supply will decrease fossil fuel emissions for the next 10 years time period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Logistics operations are considered essential for transporting commodities from one location to another, helping to promote global economic activity. On the other hand, its negative impact eclipses its positive impact, namely the rise in healthcare expenditures due to its ecological footprint. Globally, rising out-of-pocket health expenses result from logistic-induced carbon emissions, posing a danger to the long-term viability of healthcare. Methods: Based on this critical fact, this study examined the impact of logistics operations on healthcare costs by controlling for carbon emissions, fuel imports, and economic development across a large cross-section of 131 nations by using the Robust Least Squares Regression. Results: The findings demonstrate a U-shaped association between logistical operations and healthcare expenditures, i.e., if there is a 1% increase in logistics operations, healthcare expenditures decrease by 2.421% initially, while at later stages, healthcare costs would increase by 0.139%. On the other hand, increased fuel imports and economic growth due to logistics activities are increasing healthcare expenditures with an elasticity estimate of 0.087% and 0.147%, respectively. According to the forecasting predictions, logistics-induced carbon emissions, fuel imports, and economic expansion will increase healthcare expenses. Conclusions: A sustainable logistics operation is critical for strengthening healthcare infrastructure and meeting the global carbon neutrality goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The defense and peace literature have focused mainly on the military-growth nexus, with little attention paid to the environmental sustainability agenda, which is impacted by increased global arms transfers. The supply of lead-containing ammunition generates complex gas mixtures (including CO2 emissions) and particulates that harm the healthcare sustainability agenda. Based on the significance of the subject matter, the study uses the Indian economy as a case study, with a significant rate of arms transfers associated with higher carbon emissions. The study analyzed data from more than four decades, from 1975 to 2020. Data on arms imports, military personnel, and military expenditures are used to evaluate the 'ammunition emissions function'. It corresponds to the three research hypotheses, namely, the 'emissions-defense burden hypothesis' (arms transfers increase carbon emissions), the 'emissions-cleaner hypothesis' (arms transfers reduce carbon emissions), and the 'emissions-asymmetric hypothesis' (positive and negative shocks of arms transfers either support the 'defense burden hypothesis' or 'cleaner hypothesis'). The non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) results confirmed the 'emissions-defense burden hypothesis' in the long run, as positive and negative shocks from arms imports increase carbon emissions. However, in the short run, positive arms imports increase carbon emissions while negative arms imports decrease carbon emissions. Furthermore, the findings supported the 'emissions-cleaner hypothesis' in the relationship between armed forces personnel and carbon emissions. The findings imply that the positive and negative shocks experienced by armed forces personnel reduce carbon emissions in the short and long run. Positive shocks to military spending support the 'emissions-defense burden hypothesis' in the short run; however, the results vanished when negative shocks to military spending supported the 'emissions-spillover hypothesis' (lowering military spending reduces carbon emissions and increases economic productivity) in the short and long run. The country's unsustainable economic activities are viewed as a negative factor contributing to long-term carbon emissions increases. The negative shocks of armed forces personnel and positive arms imports would almost certainly have a significant long-term impact on carbon emissions. As a result, the 'treadmill theory of destruction' has been confirmed in a country. The study concludes that lead-free ammunition and managing ammunition safety are beneficial to a country's environmental sustainability agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern era, surging economic activities heighten energy demand, depleting traditional reserves and harming the environment. Renewable energy emerges as a vital alternative but faces technical, economic, and policy challenges. This study explores the impact of factors like energy grid, government incentives, CO2 emissions, economic growth, and electricity prices on renewable energy adoption in Pakistan from 1990Q1 to 2022Q4. Results reveal a U-shaped relationship between the energy grid and renewable energy penetration in the short and long terms. National support initially boosts green energy but diminishes over time. Economic incentives initially hinder adoption (i.e., 7.445, p < 0.000) but increase in the long run (i.e., −2.881, p < 0.000). Energy prices suppress adoption in the short term (i.e., −0.084, p < 0.050). Income correlates positively in the short term (i.e., 0.006, p < 0.000) but negatively in the long term (i.e., 0.019, p < 0.000). Policy-induced incentives and energy prices drive adoption, with impacts on income observed. Causal relationships and variance decomposition analysis highlight key factors influencing renewable energy integration in Pakistan, thereby informing policy and strategic decisions to foster sustainable energy practices. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy has become more popular since it is cost-effective and more efficient than conventional energy sources. Biomass-based renewable energy is primarily used in emerging economies to ensure environmental sustainability. This study examines the asymmetric correlation between biomass energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in the top-10 biomass energy consumer countries (Brazil, Canada, Thailand, China, Italy, India, Germany, USA, UK, and Japan). A new approach "Quantile-on-Quantile (QQ)" is employed by utilizing the data from 1991 to 2018. Biomass energy consumption, with the exception of Thailand, significantly mitigates CO 2 emissions at various quantiles in selected countries. As a robustness check, we used the quantile regression test, whose findings are consistent with the outcomes from the quantile-on-quantile method. However, the degree of asymmetry in the biomass energy-CO 2 nexus varies by country, necessitating extra attention and government vigilance when developing biomass energy and environmental policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]