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Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and cannabis (marijuana) use is rapidly increasing. Objectives: To report percentage prevalence and changes over time in current (past 30 days) e-cigarette, cannabis, and dual (concurrent) use in the population of reproductive age women (18–44 years old) in the United States. Methods: Our cross-sectional analysis involved data of 11, 004 women from Waves 1 to 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013–2016). We estimated weighted percentage prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and changes between 2013 and 2016 in current e-cigarette, cannabis, and dual use at each wave overall and across race/ethnicity, age, education, cigarette smoking status, alcohol use, and perceived mental health. Changes were reported as p for trend. Results: Between 2013 and 2016, e-cigarette use increased 13.6% (p for trend <.001) [15.2% (95% CI:14.2, 16.2) in 2013–2014; 22.2% (95% CI: 20.2, 24.3) in 2014–2015; and 28.8% (95% CI: 26.3, 31.3) in 2015–2016]; cannabis use increased 6.2% (p for trend <.001) [23.6% (95% CI: 22.1, 25.1) in 2013–2014; 28.5% (95% CI: 26.0, 31.0) in 2014–2015; and 29.8% (95% CI: 27.9, 31.1) in 2015–2016]; and dual use declined 0.3% (p for trend <.001) [5.8% (95% CI: 5.2, 6.3) in 2013–2014; 4.8% (95% CI: 3.7, 5.8) in 2014–2015; and 5.5% (95% CI: 4.2, 6.7) in 2015–2016]. Increases and declines in prevalence varied across sociodemographic characteristics, cigarette smoking status, alcohol use, and perceived mental health. Conclusions: Continued monitoring can capture further changes in prevalence and patterns to inform targeted public health intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to examine the trend and factors associated with smoking marijuana from a hookah device among US adults. Methods: Data were drawn from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, an ongoing nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of the US population. Adult respondents who self-reported ever smoking marijuana from a hookah at Wave 5 (2018–19, N = 34,279 US adults) were included in the multivariable analysis. Trend analysis also was conducted using National Cancer Institute JoinPoint software from 2015 to 2019. Results: In 2018–19, an estimated 23.6 million (9.7%) US adults reported ever smoking marijuana from a hookah. Trend analysis showed the increasing prevalence of using marijuana from a hookah device from Wave 3 (8.9%) to Wave 5 (9.7%; time trend p =.007). Adults aged 25–44 years old (vs. 18–24; 13%, vs. 9%), whites (vs. Black; 11% vs. 9%), and lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB vs. straight; 17% vs. 9%) were more likely to report ever smoking marijuana from a hookah (ps <.05). Former and current users (vs. never users) of e-cigarettes (19% and 25% vs. 5%), cigarettes (11% and 21% vs. 2%), cigars (17% and 27% vs. 3%), and pipes (21% and 33% vs. 7%) and past 30-day blunt users (vs. non-users; 39% vs. 9%) were more likely to ever smoke marijuana from a hookah (ps <.05). Pregnant women (vs. non-pregnant; 12.8% vs. 8.6%; p = 0.03) were more likely to smoke marijuana from a hookah. Conclusions: Smoking marijuana from a hookah device is prevalent among young adults in the US, especially among vulnerable populations, and has increased significantly from 2015–2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]