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In this paper, the gamma radiation shielding properties of S-TV/TiX glasses are investigated at different photon energies using data from FLUKA simulations and the XCOM library. Three samples of TV screen glass (S-TV) doped with TiO2 were prepared using cold isostatic pressing. The samples were designated as S-TV, S-TV/Ti10, and S-TV/Ti20 for TiO2 concentrations of 0 wt.%, 10 wt.%, and 20 wt.%, respectively. The gamma radiation transmission data for the samples obtained from FLUKA simulations and the XCOM database were used to compute the mass attenuation coefficient (µ/ρ) of the S-TV/TiX samples. Other photon interaction parameters, including the half-value layer (HVL ), mean free path (λ ), effective atomic number (Z eff ), electron density ( N eff ), specific gamma constants (Γ ), dose rate ( D r ), equivalent atomic number ( Z eq ), exposure (EBF ), and energy absorption (EABF ) buildup factors were calculated from the µ/ρ data based on standard expressions and procedures. The µ/ρ values were in the range of 0.02442–12.57505 cm2/g, 0.02438–13.54632 cm2/g, and 0.02434–14.50959 cm2/g for S-TV, S-TV/Ti10, and S-TV/Ti20, respectively. Based on the obtained HVLs, it was observed that as the TiO2 content increased, the glass thickness required to attenuate photons also increased. Analysis of the effective atomic number and electron density showed that the glass sample with lower TiO2 content exhibited more electron interaction and hence absorbed more photons. The photon scattering potential of the glasses varied with glass composition and gamma energy. The study further showed that the trend of photon scattering ability among the glasses fluctuated at different energies. However, at 1.5 MeV, the glasses with lower TiO2 content exhibited higher photon buildup factors. In comparison with standard radiation shielding materials such as concrete and glasses, TiO2-doped S-TV glasses have better gamma absorption capacity and are therefore suitable for gamma-shielding applications, especially for low (keV) energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the influence of ZnCl 2 on the gamma attenuation and radiation shielding properties of tellurite glasses incorporating Bi 2 O 3 and B 2 O 3. Employing Geant4 simulation and XCOM program, the study explores the impact of varying ZnCl 2 content on different gamma attenuation parameters such as linear attenuation coefficient (μ), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), effective atomic number (Z eff), and HVL. Moreover, the relation between these factors and the density of the studied glass system is discussed in details. It is found that the incremental addition of Bi 2 O 3 significantly enhanced the photon attenuation properties of the tellurite glasses involved. The maximum Zeff values are observed at the low energy region between 0.015 and 0.1 MeV with the values of 53.016, 60.133, 65.950, 70.370, and 73.791 for the glass samples namely TBBZC1, TBBZC2, TBBZC3, TBBZC4, and TBBZC5, respectively. Furthermore, the HVL values fall between 0.0016 cm and 4.3546 cm indicates that the current glass system can be utilizes for gamma shielding applications. The results provide insights into the potential enhancement of radiation shielding efficiency in tellurite glasses, contributing valuable knowledge for the development of advanced materials in nuclear safety applications. • Radiation protection of TeO 2 –ZnCl 2 –B 2 O 3 –Bi 2 O glass system. • Significant influence of ZnCl 2 on the radiation shielding. • Monte Carlo simulations are employed. • A good agreement between the theory and the simulation. • TBBZC5 system has a potential use in nuclear and medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four sulfide compounds' attenuation features of gamma-ray (Ag 2 ZnSnS 4 , Ag 2 ZnSnSe 4 , ZnS, and Ag 2 S) were described in this paper by a new software Phy-X/PSD. We calculated radiation attenuation parameters for the selected samples for a broad range of energies (0.015–15 MeV), including linear attenuation, the mean free path, the half-value layer, and total atomic and electronic cross-sections. The effective atomic number and the effective conductivity were also analyzed to investigate the radiation attenuation features. Also, the analyzed samples' buildup factors were studied. The samples' parameters were compared to materials frequently used to shield against radiation, including ferrite, chromite, barite, magnetite, and RS (253 G18, 360, 520) glass. Due to MFP and HVL values, Ag 2 S has better attenuation features than all the other samples utilized in the comparison. Fast neutron removal cross-sections (FNRCS) were also studied, and the best neutron attenuation composite among the samples under study, according to the FNRCS data, is Ag 2 S (0.116 cm−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear radiation shielding parameters for glass samples composed of 20 mol.% Li2O-40 mol.% ZnO-40 mol.% P2O5: x wt.% Yb2O3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 2) were evaluated. The samples were synthesized using the melt-quenching technique. The prepared samples were encoded Yb0.0, Yb0.2, Yb0.4, Yb0.6, Yb0.8, Yb1 and Yb2 according to the Yb2O3 content. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals that all the prepared samples were amorphous. The gamma ray shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) were obtained using Phy-X/PSD and XCOM software programs. The atomic cross section (ACS), electronic cross section (ECS), effective atomic number (Zeff), and electron density (Neff) were evaluated, as well as exposure buildup factor (EBF) and energy absorption buildup factor (EABF). The MAC values were found to be 26.304–31.872 cm2/g for Yb0.0–Yb2, respectively. The HVL and MFP values were found to be (0.008–0.007 cm) and (0.012–0.010 cm) for Yb0.0–Yb2, respectively. The ACS and ECS values were found to be (9.912 × 10−21 cm2/g) up to 13.06 × 10−21 cm2/g) and (3.990 × 10−23 up to 4.900 × 10−23 cm2/g) for Yb0.0–Yb2, respectively. The Zeff and Neff values were found to be (24.83–26.64) and (6.59 × 1023 up to 6.50 × 1023 electrons/g) for Yb0.0–Yb2, respectively. The results showed that the addition of Yb2O3 improves gamma-ray shielding properties of the glass. On the other hand, adding Yb2O3 to the prepared glass leads to a decrease in the removal cross section for fast neutrons (ƩR) from 0.103 to 0.096 cm for Yb0.0–Yb2, respectively. The gamma-ray shielding parameters for the present samples were compared with commercial concrete and glass used as gamma ray shields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we synthesized binary germanate glasses with compositions of GeO2 – Bi2O3, GeO2 – PbF2, and GeO2 – V2O5. The traditional melt-quenching method was used for glass synthesis. The radiation shielding properties of the synthesized samples were calculated theoretically and measured experimentally as well. A narrow-beam transmission geometry, which uses a NaI(Tl) detector, was employed to measure linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, and effective atomic number values of the glasses at gamma-ray energies of 662, 1173, and 1332 keV and, 137Cs, and 60Co radioactive point sources were used to produce gamma-ray photons of these energies. Additionally, all the above parameters were also calculated theoretically using the WinXCOM software in the 0.015-15 MeV energy range to confirm the accuracy of the measurements. A good agreement between theoretical and experimental findings was observed. It was also found that the increase in the concentrations of Bi2O3, PbF2, and V2O5 network modifiers improved the radiation shielding capacity of synthesized germanate glasses. The results revealed that the GeBi30 glass has superior shielding properties among the synthesized germanate glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the γ-radiation shielding traits of some new types of borate glasses of composition (70–x)B 2 O 3 –10Bi 2 O 3 –10BaO–10CdO–xPbO (where 0 ≤ x ≤ 20 mol%) prepared using melt quenching method. As-quenched samples were characterized to determine the effects of various PbO contents on their γ-radiation shielding properties. XRD patterns of the samples verified their amorphous nature. The Phy-X and XCOM was used to compute the mass attenuation coefficients of the glasses and then compared with the experimental data. The γ-radiation shielding performance of the proposed glasses were evaluated in terms of diverse attenuation parameters like mean free path, half and tenth value layer, atomic cross-section, electronic cross-section, effective atomic number and effective electron density. The γ-radiation shielding performance of the glasses were significantly improved with the increase of PbO contents. This new borate glass system is established to be advantageous for the radiation shielding applications. • The borate glass samples with different PbO content were prepared by the standard melt-quenching method. • The μ/ρ values of the glasses were increased with the increase of the PbO content. • The relatively higher Zeff at lower energies due to the dominance of PE effect. • Promising HVT and TVL achieved with the new prepared glasses. • The proposed glass improves the efficiency of IR shielding material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]