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This paper explores a possible future of postdigital education in 2050 using the means of social science fiction. The first part of the paper introduces the shift from 20th century primacy of physics to 21st century primacy of biology with an accent to new postdigital--biodigital reconfigurations and challenges in and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The second part of the paper presents a fictional speech at the graduation ceremony of a fictional military academy in a fictional East Asian country in 2050. This fictional world is marked by global warfare and militarization, and addressed graduates are the first generation of artificially evolved graduates in human history. The third part of the paper interprets the fictional narrative, contextualizes it into educational challenges of today, and argues for a dialogical, humanistic conception of new postdigital education in a biotech future.

Since ChatGPT's release in November 2022, artificial intelligence has come into the spotlight. Inspiring both fascination and fear, chatbots have stirred debates among researchers, developers, and policy makers. The concerns range from concrete and tangible ones—which include replication of existing biases and discrimination at scale, harvesting personal data, and spreading misinformation—to more existential fears that their development will lead to machines with human-like cognitive abilities. Understanding how chatbots work and the human labor and data involved can better help evaluate the validity of concerns surrounding these systems, which although innovative, are hardly the stuff of science fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article explores the theme of human-machine convergence as portrayed in modern science fiction movies and TV/streaming series and compares them to real-world advancements in robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), and virtual reality (VR). It examines how science fiction often depicts humanoid robots and AI with human-like emotions and intentions, contrasting with the actual technological challenges and ethical considerations in developing intelligent machines. The text discusses the evolution of humanoid robots from fictional portrayals to real-life examples like Boston Dynamics' Atlas and Tesla's Optimus. The paper also explores the reverse interaction, where humans become avatars in virtual worlds, and briefly discusses the ethical implications of simulating deceased individuals in digital form. Through this examination, the paper emphasizes the complexity of human-machine convergence and the importance of considering social, ethical, and emotional aspects in technological progress. It concludes by suggesting that while science fiction provides insights into societal fears and hopes regarding technology and thus into ethical and regulative necessities, the real trajectory of human-machine convergence cannot be predicted through film but will be determined by ongoing and after all incidental developments in the real world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. Artificial intelligence can be both a blessing and a curse, and potentially a double-edged sword if not carefully wielded. While it holds massive potential benefits to humans—particularly in healthcare by assisting in treatment of diseases, surgeries, record keeping, and easing the lives of both patients and doctors, its misuse has potential for harm through impact of biases, unemployment, breaches of privacy, and lack of accountability to mention a few. In this article, we discuss the fourth industrial revolution, through a focus on the core of this phenomenon, artificial intelligence. We outline what the fourth industrial revolution is, its basis around AI, and how this infiltrates human lives and society, akin to a transcendence. We focus on the potential dangers of AI and the ethical concerns it brings about particularly in developing countries in general and conflict zones in particular, and we offer potential solutions to such dangers. While we acknowledge the importance and potential of AI, we also call for cautious reservations before plunging straight into the exciting world of the future, one which we long have heard of only in science fiction movies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AI Amok (2020), directed by Yu Irie, offers an incisive exploration of artificial intelligence’s role in a near-future Japanese society and is set in the year 2030. Employing the analytical framework provided by Bordwell and Thompson’s Film Art: An Introduction, this research explores the film’s narrative construction, visual storytelling techniques, and its thematic depth, particularly focusing on the portrayal and implications of artificial intelligence. Distinct from the often distant futures depicted in science fiction cinema, AI Amok presents a vision of the future that mirrors current technological trajectories, especially in healthcare and urban development. This stands in contrast to films like Blade Runner 2049 (2017) and Her (2013), which envision more abstract futures. AI Amok thus distinguishes itself through a narrative that integrates AI into societal fabrics, confronting the ethical quandaries this integration elicits. The analysis reveals a scenario that feels immediate and tangible, offering a credible sight into the technological advancements and challenges of the near future. Moreover, the study highlights AI Amok’s nuanced depiction of AI’s roles within healthcare and government, suggesting a reflection on and projection of these technologies’ evolving paths. Unlike the overt technologization seen in The Matrix (1999) or Ex Machina (2014), AI Amok opts for more subtle visual effects to convey AI’s ubiquity, providing a unique perspective on AI’s potential to shape societal dynamics. This approach enriches the discourse on science fiction cinema, contributing a distinctive viewpoint to the ongoing debates concerning the ethical development and integration of artificial intelligence in real-world contexts.

We are living in an era when the influence of robotization is continually increasing in all possible spheres of human life. Robots are not only helpful for physical activities; they are even taking on, for example, the position of psychotherapists. This article analyzes the current influence of robots in healthcare and bioethically examines their mutual coexistence with humans - the robot-patient relationship. We find that it is necessary to consider a new ethics of robots, because it is not always clear why artificial intelligence has arrived at a given solution and what exact sequences it has used to do so. Bioethics should also be inspired by the possible scenarios presented to us by sci-fi stories about the potential technical future. When analyzing these narratives, we find that although machines and people coexist, they nevertheless differ from each other, with their own logic, emotions and empathy, their own physics and laws of nature. This machine difference can be a predictable factor of potential dystopias, when machines, based either on their autonomy or the logical consequence of the algorithm, come to violate ethics towards people. Although robots have human-like features, they are not human; therefore, there exists a species boundary between us and them that needs to be controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stories are an important indicator of our vision of the future. In the case of artificial intelligence (AI), dominant stories are polarized between notions of threat and myopic solutionism. The central storytellers—big tech, popular media, and authors of science fiction—represent particular demographics and motivations. Many stories, and storytellers, are missing. This paper details the accounts of missing AI narratives by leading scholars from a range of disciplines interested in AI Futures. Participants focused on the gaps between dominant narratives and the untold stories of the capabilities, issues, and everyday realities of the technology. One participant proposed a "story crisis" in which these narratives compete to shape the public discourse on AI. Our findings indicate that dominant narratives distract and mislead public understandings and conceptions of AI. This suggests a need to pay closer attention to missing AI narratives. It is not simply about telling new stories, it is about listening to existing stories and asking what is wanted from AI. We call for realistic, nuanced, and inclusive stories, working with and for diverse voices, which consider (1) story-teller; (2) genre, and (3) communicative purpose. Such stories can then inspire the next generation of thinkers, technologists, and storytellers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Esferas is the property of Esferas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This book review discusses a publication titled "Mapping the posthuman: Perspectives on the non-human in literature and culture." The book explores the intersections between science and art, focusing on posthumanism and related fields such as ecocriticism and critical animal studies. It is divided into five parts, each examining different aspects of posthuman mapping and featuring contributions from various scholars and authors. The book offers a comprehensive exploration of posthumanism and provides valuable insights for researchers interested in this topic. [Extracted from the article]

Artificial intelligence (AI), the most widespread technological term, has become an integral part of human daily life. People are becoming increasingly dependent on AI-powered devices; thus, it is now essential to have a legal framework to oversee artificial intelligence's various uses and legal peculiarities. As artificial intelligence has entered all areas of life and into various sectors, which requires examining in detail the legal nature of artificial intelligence, determining the laws that must be applied to it, and identifying the people or entities responsible for it to determine the scope of their responsibilities for the resulting damages that may be caused to others as a result of the use of intelligence. Artificial, this research aimed to examine the adequacy of the legal rules in Jordanian legislation regulating the provisions of artificial intelligence in light of the diversity of its applications and its different legal nature. The research is divided into two chapters. The first chapter presents the concept of artificial intelligence, and the second chapter discusses the legal liability of artificial intelligence. The results of the research revealed that the Jordanian legislator did not specify the legal nature of the artificial intelligence and contented himself with stipulating it in separate texts, Legal liability resulting from utilizing artificial intelligence systems can be challenged under regulations of the defect in manufacturing, responsibility for guarding things, and the distinction between responsibilities due to the degree of independence and intelligence of artificial intelligence, In determining the liability of artificial intelligence, the legislator should consider the types of artificial intelligence systems, their different capabilities, and their independence from humans, The process of enacting special laws regulating all aspects of artificial intelligence must be expedited. This law should be characterized by flexibility that enables it to keep pace with and rapid development witnessed in this field.

This study examines how members of the public frame artificial intelligence (AI) along with how news use predicts “frames in mind” for AI. The study also tests whether news use, science fiction viewing, and discussing technology influence attitudes toward AI independently and in conjunction with one another. The analyses use data from a nationally representative online panel survey. Respondents invoked social progress and Pandora’s box frames for AI, and technology news use predicted mentioning each frame. Use of technology news also predicted change in support for AI, while science fiction viewing and discussing technology were conditionally related to such change.

This paper embarks on a methodical exploration of TVTropes.org, a comprehensive crowd-sourced wiki that documents storytelling conventions across various forms of media, with a special focus on representations of artificial intelligence and future scenarios. The study delineates the multifaceted nature of the platform, asserting that its offerings extend beyond mere television tropes, and explores its potent applicability for futurists and scholars. Through the strategic application of web scraping and data analysis, this research quantifies diverse aspects of science fiction media and the embedded tropes therein. The paper underscores the pivotal role of tropes in shaping societal perceptions and influencing discourse, particularly in the realm of futuristic thinking, using instances such as the impact of "The Terminator" franchise on military strategic thinking as a case study. Furthermore, the research engages in a quantitative analysis of trope density and frequency within science fiction works, offering a nuanced understanding and uncovering patterns in storytelling conventions. This study thus offers a foundational framework for understanding, categorizing, and analyzing the influential images of the future that permeate today's media environment, thereby providing a valuable resource for futurists, researchers, and media scholars in their respective endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article situates the potential for intellectual work to be renewed through an enriched engagement with the relationship between indigenous protocols and artificial intelligence (AI). It situates this through a dialectical storytelling of the contradictions that emerge from the relationships between humans and capitalist technologies, played out within higher education. It argues that these have ramifications for our conceptions of AI, and its ways of knowing, doing and being within wider ecosystems. In thinking about how technology reinforces social production inside capitalist institutions like universities, the article seeks to refocus our storytelling around mass intellectuality and generative possibilities for transcending alienating social relations. In so doing, the focus shifts to the potential for weaving new protocols, from existing material and historical experiences of technology, which unfold structurally, culturally and practically within communities. At the heart of this lies the question, what does it mean to live? In a world described against polycrisis, is it possible to tell new social science fictions, as departures towards a new mode of higher learning and intellectual work that seeks to negate, abolish and transcend the world as-is? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osmosis (Netflix, 2019) is only the second French television series to be commissioned by Netflix. Set in a near-future Paris and dramatising the final beta-testing and launch of a revolutionary dating application, the programme has frequently been compared to Black Mirror (Channel 4 Television Corporation/Netflix, 2011–19). This article argues that the parallel is unhelpful since Osmosis does not contain the underlying technophobia that characterises the UK series and is largely, though not entirely, optimistic about the implications of artificial intelligence and technological advances for humanity. Nonetheless, the two series do share a common preoccupation with critiquing certain excesses of late capitalism. In its blend of dystopian and utopian elements and allusions to and subversions of Anglophone science-fiction conventions, Osmosis constitutes an original – and unashamedly French – futuristic series whose key characteristic is ambivalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the newest technological hype. Although it involves a great diversity of technologies, the disseminated image of AI has been a generic, super-powerful, extremely negative one, at the edge of dystopian, especially in works of science fiction. Recently, following the launch of ChatGPT, one finds an explosion of journalistic and academic publications, some of which reinforce this public imagination. In academia, AI’s risks remain highlighted and even apocalyptic scenarios related to it are taken into consideration. Ethical concerns, then, take on eminently negative connotations, and the much more realistic possible benefits of AIs are under-focused. We highlight in this paper the importance of going beyond the hype and developing multi/interdisciplinary, delimited, realistic, and thoughtful approaches. Employing the collective intelligence embodied in the interaction between researchers from three fields —Computer Science, Linguistics, and Philosophy— we approach a free machine translation tool: Google Translate. Our goal is to show that well-defined, multidisciplinary, technically supported approaches that do not adhere to sensationalist discourse lead us to more epistemically consistent and more thoughtful critical-normative reflections, which would be crucial for advancing the debate on AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a genre, science fiction has long played with the idea of all-powerful virtual beings and explored notions of transcendence through technological advancements. It has also been at the forefront of exploring our anxieties and hopes regarding new technologies and the ethical and moral consequences of scientific advancement, raising deeply philosophical and theological concerns about an age-old question, namely: what makes us distinct as human beings and what lies beyond our own existence? This article aims to provide an overview of recent themes that have emerged in science fiction film and television, especially with regard to extending our lives beyond their natural biological age. As the article will outline, these ideas generally appear in notions of cyborgization or mind uploading into cyberspace. Both indicate a deeply human desire to avoid death, and the films and shows discussed in this article offer a range of different ideas on this. As we will see, the final case study, the Amazon Prime television show Upload (2020–), brings both of these elements together, touching on a broad range of ideas about cyber-spirituality along the way. The article concludes that although many shows raise interesting questions about the ethical challenges inherent in transhumanist fantasies of mind uploading, they ultimately remain ambiguous in their critique of the dream of digital immortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise of artificial intelligence, along with an incremental process of androidization, we are faced with the necessity of postulating a new direction and a new understanding of the dichotomy of human and non-human, animate and inanimate. The present article endeavors to explore the new delineations of the humanity and humanness as found in Alastair Reynolds' short story, Zima Blue, through a posthumanist lens. We look at posthumanism through a multifaceted lens, combining concepts from a variety of fields in our attempt to contextualize identity and personhood. As such, the analysis of the short story will offer the middle ground between the epistemological infinite regress and the psychoanalytic primal trauma, as embodied by the namesake main character of the story. The posthumanist approach solidifies the need for a decentralization of the human and a move away from anthropocentrism, in an attempt to create a solid theoretical framework, facilitated by the medium of science-fiction literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with Mumbai-based contemporary artist Sahej Rahal discusses the potential of artificial intelligence-driven simulations and images to engage issues of temporality. The interview considers the AI simulation Anhad (2023), in which a tripedal figure is both driven by noises in the gallery and creates a haunting song with each step. It examines the implications of the work’s juxtaposition of various modes of temporality within and beyond an Indian political landscape dominated by a Hindu nationalist, authoritarian regime. Moving to a suite of AI-generated still images called Black Origin (2022), the conversation assesses the challenge artificial intelligence makes to photography. It contextualizes those images as they were presented in an exhibition that both reflected on the seventy-fifth anniversary of India’s independence and speculated about the country’s future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with Mumbai-based contemporary artist Sahej Rahal discusses the potential of artificial intelligence-driven simulations and images to engage issues of temporality. The interview considers the AI simulation Anhad (2023), in which a tripedal figure is both driven by noises in the gallery and creates a haunting song with each step. It examines the implications of the work’s juxtaposition of various modes of temporality within and beyond an Indian political landscape dominated by a Hindu nationalist, authoritarian regime. Moving to a suite of AI-generated still images called Black Origin (2022), the conversation assesses the challenge artificial intelligence makes to photography. It contextualizes those images as they were presented in an exhibition that both reflected on the seventy-fifth anniversary of India’s independence and speculated about the country’s future.

An editorial is presented that delves into the ethical considerations surrounding the development and application of artificial intelligence in healthcare, drawing parallels to science fiction narratives like Isaac Asimov's works. It highlights the rapid advancement of AI technologies in medical diagnostics and conversational AI tools like ChatGPT and Bard, emphasizing the need for robust ethical frameworks to guide their use.

This is a film review of Love Me (2024), directed by Sam Zuchero and Andy Zuchero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines two interconnected human-made nonhuman entities stemming from Shenzhen, China's first special economic zone, that have become dominant figures in mapping the city's - and by extension, China's - future: the robot and the drone. I bring an interdisciplinary, cultural studies approach to the multiple meaning-making practices that engage with these two objects; both participate in enacting the vision for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an extension of the success of Shenzhen. These practices simultaneously normalise aspirations for a future fuelled by the power of nonhuman technological agents while offering glimpses into the uneven power relations between different humans that underpin such future making. At the same time, they also point to the emergent possibilities of meaningmaking that conjoin the human and the nonhuman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects on securitization efforts with respect to 'killer robots', known more impartially as autonomous weapons systems (AWS). Our contribution focuses, theoretically and empirically, on the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots, a transnational advocacy network vigorously pushing for a pre-emptive ban on AWS. Marking exactly a decade of its activity, there is still no international regime formally banning, or even purposefully regulating, AWS. Our objective is to understand why the Campaign has not been able to advance its disarmament agenda thus far, despite all the resources, means and support at its disposal. For achieving this objective, we challenge the popular assumption that strong stigmatization is the universally best strategy towards humanitarian disarmament. We investigate the consequences of two specifics present in AWS, which set them apart from processes and successes of the campaigns to ban anti-personnel landmines, cluster munitions, and laser-blinding weapons: the complexity of AWS as a distinct weapons category, and the subsequent circumvention of its complexity through the utilization of pop-culture, namely science fiction imagery. We particularly focus on two mechanisms through which such distortion has occurred: hybridization and grafting. These provide the conceptual basis and heuristic tools to unpack the paradox of over-securitization: success in broadening the stakeholder base in relation to the first mechanism and deepening the sense of insecurity in relation to the second one does not necessarily lead to the achievement of the desired prohibitory norm. In conclusion, we ask whether it is not the time for a more epistemically-oriented expert debate with a less ambitious, lowest common denominator strategy as the preferred model of arms control for such a complex weapons category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article argues that legal discourses about robots are framed within a limiting 'human paradigm.' While this is not a specific failure of lawyers, it has significant consequences for law in a digital future. This visualising of robots has its origins in mainstream twentieth-century science fictional tropes of artificial beings. This article begins by identifying the predominant science fiction tropes regarding artificial beings as a source of anxiety for human futures, as located in discrete bodies and as separate from humans. The article then traces this 'human paradigm' in robot law scholarship. It is shown how a focus on embodiment and separation disrupts appreciation of the emerging partial disembodiment and hybridity of digital autonomy. There is a continual sense of needing to keep robots and humans distinct and separate, which is not how digital futures are manifesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread application of artificial intelligence is not the realm of utopias or science fiction any more. It is gradually entering practically all walks of life from science and technology to fine arts. It is most likely that architecture will neither escape this penetration in the near future. Moreover, besides some disturbing consequences, it will also reveal fundamentally new opportunities for the discipline/profession. It is up to us to decide what attitude we adopt towards it, but it is clear that this development should have profound consequences in the education of future architects, too. The paper focuses on the creative core (i.e. design) of architecture. The aims are to assess the changes and to raise awareness to these possible changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of Artificial Intelligence ("A.I.") from a speculative concept depicted in science fiction to its integration into various aspects of everyday life has brought about complex challenges for contemporary legislators. The proliferation of A.I. technology has led to a growing recognition of the need for regulation, as it poses both promises and threats to society. On the one hand, A.I. has the potential to enhance efficiency in various fields, such as medicine and automation of routine tasks. On the other hand, if left unregulated, A.I. has the potential to undermine democratic principles and infringe upon fundamental rights. Thus, legislators are facing the delicate task of balancing regulation with the need to foster continued innovation in the field of A.I. Both the United States ("U.S.") and the European Union ("E.U.") have begun taking steps towards the development of A.I. legislation, recognizing the need for a comprehensive approach to address the multifaceted challenges posed by this rapidly advancing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marie Darrieussecq's Notre vie dans les forêts (2017) is a science-fiction novel about cloning. Alternatively, it could be described as a notebook composed by a fugitive clone named Viviane writing before her imminent death in the tunnels constructed beneath a forest on the ghostly fringes of an unnamed city. Viviane has unplugged from this socially engineered illusion by following one of her former patients and a member of a fugitive group of scavengers and hackers who free their anesthetized clones. But, the fugitives comically struggle to prepare their clones—who just want to play—for the egalitarian, just, and liberatory future in which they hope. In this paper, I first provide a close reading of the narrative of Darrieussecq's novel, focusing on how it teaches us to read it subjunctively and contingently. I then argue that the clones' playfulness expresses an energy source resistant to exploitation. I conclude with a hypothesis: the book itself could be understood as an instance of artificial intelligence that resists exploitation because it teaches us to read subjunctively, contingently, and playfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's quick development of artificial intelligence (AI) brings us to the questions that have until recently been the domain of philosophy or even science fiction. When can be a system considered an intelligent one? What is a consciousness and where it comes from? Can systems gain consciousness? It is necessary to have in mind, that although the development seems to be a revolutionary one, the progress is successive, today's technologies did not emerge from thin air, they are firmly built on previous findings. As now some wild thoughts and theories where the AI development leads to have arisen, it is time to look back at the background theories and summarize, what do we know on the topics of intelligence, consciousness, where they come from and what are different viewpoints on these topics. This paper combines the findings from different areas and present overview of different attitudes on systems consciousness and emphasizes the role of systems sciences in helping the knowledge in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Humankind is entering a period in which it will share its formerly exclusive domain of the intellect with an entity which has the potential to outperform current human abilities, skills, and intellectual achievements. The objective of this paper is to consider the specific consequences of the introduction of technologies employing artificial intelligence in the domains of culture, education, family life and work and to evaluate its impact on the cohesive powers that allow for the creation, maintenance, and development of human communities. The authors argue that certain features embedded in fiction and non-fiction films depicting the effects of this technology can be considered primitive behavioural experiments, and that their analysis allows for the possibility to make informed judgements about the nature and potential impact of artificial intelligence on human collective behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Safety & Security Sciences Review / Biztonságtudományi Szemle is the property of Obuda University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the release of ChatGPT, the use of AI in language teaching has become an issue that we cannot ignore. In this commentary, we argue that AI tools, including ChatGPT, are now among the digital resources available to students and teachers. We therefore need to be aware of the challenges and affordances of their uses in teaching and learning and that helping students understand these issues is part of the language teacher's role in promoting digital literacy. We first discuss the history of AI in teaching writing and then highlight three issues related to its use: authorship, authenticity and accuracy, and digital literacies. Next, we provide examples of three tasks illustrating how AI can be used to promote language learning, genre awareness, and digital literacy. We conclude by suggesting some areas for further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the use of chatbots, specifically ChatGPT, in education, particularly in the field of geography teaching. Topics discussed include the growth of artificial intelligence (AI) in customer service interactions, concerns and approaches regarding the use of chatbots in the classroom, and the potential benefits and challenges of incorporating AI technology in geography education.

The article discusses the representation and utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in video games. Topics explored include the depiction of AI antagonists in the games "I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream" and "Portal," the emergence of the science fiction video game genre during the Cold War, and the gameplay produced by AI systems for the first-person shooter horror video game "Left 4 Dead."

A thorough reading reveals that Robert Venditti's graphic novels provide fertile ground for a Posthumanist interpretation, notably in terms of cybernetic identity, technology, and human-machine dialogue. As a posthumanist science fiction, his The Surrogates and The Surrogates: Flesh and Bone engage thoroughly in a progressive society where the boundary or relationship between human and artificial intelligence becomes in Haraway's term obsolete. Posthumanism, which challenges traditional humanist conceptions by combining technology and human consciousness, serves as a prism through which we may examine the intricate relationships between humans and their technological equivalents in these works. In this sense, Robert Venditti's post-humanist graphic novel The Surrogates investigates the effects of modern technology on human identity, authenticity, and society. It explores the blurred barriers between humans and technology, challenging traditional self-identity, gender roles, embodiment, and authenticity. This paper will analyse Robert Venditti's The Surrogates through a Posthumanist perspective by focussing on the use of graphic novels to improve knowledge of ethical and philosophical questions in the contemporary postmodernist era, milieu, or culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Poyang Lake is the property of Journal of Poyang Lake Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Chatbots could save time, increase efficiency and reduce the workload of scientists. • ChatGPT could be helpful in preparing scientific immunological manuscripts. • ChatGPT answers to basic scientific questions sound polished and convincing. • In-depth scientific questions usually provide wrong answers and wrong citations. • Special training is required if chatbots are to be used as scientific support. Artificial intelligence (AI) has made great progress in recent years. The latest chatbot to make a splash is ChatGPT. To see if this type of AI could also be helpful in creating an immunological review article, I put a planned review on different classes of small RNAs during murine B cell development to the test. Although the general wording sounded very polished and convincing, ChatGPT encountered great difficulties when asked for details and references and made many incorrect statements, leading me to conclude that this kind of AI is not (yet?) suitable for assisting in the writing of scientific articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]