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This article explores Msgr. Germano Straniero's Report on the State of the Catholic Church in America (1886), based on his official visit to the United States. It provides a historical context for the document, an understudied source of American Catholic history, and examines its significance within the Germano Straniero Papers housed at the University of Notre Dame Archives. Additionally, the article discusses a critical and pedagogical project resulting in the first digital edition of the text, which includes a translation and pedagogical resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand the emergence of digital reformatting as a technique for preserving information within the cultural heritage preservation community by reviewing historical trends in modern preservation research. Design/methodology/approach: This paper analyzes secondary sources, reviews and historical texts to identify trends in the intellectual and technological histories of preservation research, beginning with the first applications of the scientific method to combating book decay in the early nineteenth to the emergence of digitization techniques in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Findings: This paper identifies five major historical periods in the development of preservation knowledge: the early experimental era; era of microfilm experimentation; era of professionalization; era of digital library research; and the era of digital reformatting and mass digitization; and identifies three major trends in its development: empirical inquiry, standardization and centralization. Research limitations/implications: Findings reflect broad trends in the field of preservation, primarily in a United States context and are limited to the modern era of preservation research. Practical implications: This paper's broad historical overview provides a reference for preservation professionals and students in library science or archives programs. Identifying historical trends enables practitioners to critically examine their own preservation techniques and make better decisions when adopting and using new preservation technologies. Originality/value: This paper provides a unique perspective on the history of preservation knowledge that synthesizes existing historical research in order to identify periods and trends that enable a clearer understanding of digital reformatting in its historical emergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A second presidential social media transition in the United States occurred as Joe Biden took office on January 20, 2021. In the years since Barack Obama pioneered the use of platforms like Facebook and Twitter while President, Donald Trump shaped his Presidency around the use of Twitter, primarily through a personal account created before entering politics. In this paper, we examine Donald Trump's use of Twitter during his presidency as a lens through which to understand the ongoing archival preservation and data management challenges posed by social media platforms. The blurred lines between public and private records, deleting tweets, and the preservation issues that appeared after his suspension from Twitter and other platforms following the January 6, 2021 insurrection at the US Capitol all highlight an urgent, ongoing need by archivists, digital preservationists, and information scholars to consider how we might collect and manage social media records in an ever‐changing information landscape. This paper draws primarily on publicly available information from existing preservation initiatives to analyze the state of digital preservation for presidential records. Our findings highlight how both public and private entities manage and provide access to Donald Trump's tweets, pointing to broader implications for social media data preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The archival record of incarceration in the United States presents a substantial challenge for historical research. This becomes particularly acute in those instances where historians seek to use individual patient or prisoner records. Some of these records have been deposited in state archives, but many have not, and the use of specific inmate case files can involve restrictive rules of access. In every instance, complex interplays of power, access and privacy pose challenges for historians who wish to foreground the voices and experiences of the incarcerated, and to better understand the practices and impacts of state power. This paper uses a series of episodes from the author's own work to highlight these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine research trends regarding archivists in Scopus-indexed journals. The research method used is bibliometric analysis, with data collection from the Scopus database, carried out on September 8, 2023, using the keyword "Archivist" from 2013 to 2022 and specifically for final publications with journal type. Data is processed and analyzed using Publish or Perish (PoP) and VOSviewer to display visualization results. The research results concluded that the number of publications regarding archivists in the last ten years was 1241 documents. American Archivist became the most dominant publication source by publishing 94 documents. Poole was the most prolific writer, and the United States was the most contributing country by publishing 439 documents. The document type in articles is the largest, with 1024. Social Science is the subject area most often discussed in archivist topics. The total number of publication citations regarding archivists is 4528. Publication trends based on the appearance of a minimum of ten keywords are divided into five clusters, with the most dominant keywords being "metadata treatment, archives, human, digitization, and librarians." The publication trend seen from the latest publication year discusses "artificial intelligence," which has 5 (five) related links: artificial intelligence-copyright, artificial intelligence-photography, artificial intelligence-automation, artificial intelligence-digitization, and artificial intelligence-metadata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay makes the case for the 1968 community newspaper Black Newark as an archival site that provides an alternative account of the growth of the Black Power movement in the city of Newark. The issues written about in this radical publication are an abundant resource for historians and researchers of New Jersey culture and Black cultural production in the United States. This essay contests the fact that no books devoted to the history of the Black press in the United States or surveys of African American newspapers make mention of Black Newark. It is the aim of this essay to examine both the 1968 edition of Black Newark and the later 1972-1974 edition of Black New Ark with the express goal of including the publications in the archive of both the history of Newark, New Jersey, and the Black press in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of digital archives, a transformative shift is currently underway, with archives emerging as crucial spaces for community building, particularly within Latin American diasporic communities in the United States. This essay reflects on the Home Movie Remezcla project, a critical digital archives initiative I currently facilitate that works collaboratively with individuals to remix their home movie footage with video-recorded "testimonios," a Latin American oral history tradition, to create a new archival record that enacts a description process in which record creators exercise their agency and control over their narratives. This project reimagines the archive as a site for communal resistance and healing from the effects of imbalanced power dynamics, including those in the archive, by drawing on the principles of Latiné feminist relationality. Ultimately, it aims to create spaces for collectively reimagining and enacting alternative ways of doing archiving that emphasizes caring, reciprocal, and responsible archival relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivaria is the property of Association of Canadian Archivists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay traces the transformation and standardization of the first cohort of Asian physicians trained outside the United States into Foreign Medical Graduates (FMGs) within the United States through documentary regimes. Congress solicited foreign physicians under the Hart-Celler Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 to address doctor shortages in inner-city and rural communities throughout the country—a trend that continues today. Central to their migratory journey was an archive of expertise, a compilation of documents intended to verify identity, skill, and competence. Through the analysis of a physician's case file, new relations to documentation emerge that reveal how claims of underdocumentation, incorrect documentation, and overdocumentation regulate immigrant possibilities. In adopting this approach, this case study moves away from the unskilled / model minority dichotomy to show how documentary proceduralism operates as a racializing, disciplinary strategy across categories of immigrant labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questions of how to sustain interest in the history of medicine and broader health sciences (HOM/HS) in a changing institutional environment, and how to collaborate with stakeholders to offer activities to do so, are on the radar for many academic health sciences centers and their libraries. This essay is an initial exploratory study of non-curricular HOM/HS efforts at United States medical schools ranked in the top thirty in primary care or research. In 2019, we collected public information pertinent to any presence of an on-campus HOM/HS community and the group's structure, including funding, activities, and the library's involvement with the group. Seventeen of forty-five institutions in the sample presented information about an institutional HOM/HS group. All posted a mission statement. Their funding varied in nature; some collected fees from members, while others relied on university support. Half were student-led. Most groups hosted regular lecture series, with fifteen groups hosting at least one annually. Six groups sponsored publications or awards. These findings indicate that several institutions with active programs offer potential models and lessons for sustaining HOM/HS communities. Beyond providing a physical or digital space in which HOM/HS groups connect, libraries play an active role in fostering some of these communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal Focus values (PF = Openness to change values + Self-enhancement values) motivate self-centred behaviours, and Social Focus values (SF = Conservation values + Self-transcendence values) promote self-sacrificial counterparts. This research investigated how a state-level PF-SF value-continuum would explain the geographic variation in COVID-19 severity in the United States. This research estimated state-level values by Google search data (from 2004 to 2019) on value-related words (e.g. family for conservation values) (Study 1a) and archival indicators (e.g. gun ownership rate for security values) (Study 1b). COVID-19 severity was measured by shorter time delay of first documented cases, shorter overall doubling times, higher reproductive ratio and higher case fatality ratio. Hierarchical and multilevel analyses examined how state-level values would predict COVID-19 severity across U.S. states (Studies 1a and 1b) and 3,135 counties (Study 2). State-level analyses accounting for spatial autocorrelation and covariates (e.g. COVID-19 testing rate, airport traffic, personality, etc.) revealed that the PF-SF value-continuums measured with different methods positively and significantly predicted COVID-19 severity, and the effects of state-level values on county-level COVID-19 severity were significant when county- and state-level covariates were controlled. Social focus values may mitigate the devastating effect of COVID-19 in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do archivists who find themselves in dual librarian/archivist positions approach library instruction and reference services? This case study examines the instructional experiences of an archivist serving in an interim role as a liaison librarian to a public affairs college at a large, public university in the United States. Utilizing action research methodology to study and inform their instruction approach and philosophy, the archivist created an instructional model which incorporates archival principles and concepts into a landscape mapping exercise. Archivists can make material contributions to library instruction through their unique knowledge, skills, and perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the late Victorian and early Edwardian period references to 'social work' in the UK emerged in the context of the movement for social reform. Using a wide variety of contemporary literature, archival sources and Internet searches this article finds that, alongside charitable and philanthropic work, the term 'social work' referred to a particularly wide range of social, health, educational, industrial welfare and recreation activity. Few attempts were made to attribute an explicit meaning to the term and it was not used as frequently as is sometimes implied by commentaries about the period. However, voluntary and paid workers were increasingly referred to collectively as 'social workers' and became the subject of increasing discussion about their roles and need for training. This article traces the developments in references to social work and social workers in the literature and highlights the early debate that took place in the UK and USA about the relative importance of practical work and study of the social sciences, introducing the tension which characterised social workers' subsequent difficulties in establishing a professional identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]