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Allergic conjunctivitis, allergy, atopic dermatitis, birth cohort study, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, meconium-stained amniotic fluid Keywords: allergic conjunctivitis; allergic rhinitis; allergy; atopic dermatitis; birth cohort study; food allergy; meconium-stained amniotic fluid EN allergic conjunctivitis allergic rhinitis allergy atopic dermatitis birth cohort study food allergy meconium-stained amniotic fluid 1 5 5 05/30/23 20230501 NES 230501 PEER REVIEW The peer review history for this article is available at https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway/wos/peer-review/10.1111/pai.13956. Data on MSAF at childbirth were retrieved from medical record transcripts, by answering yes or no to the question "Was there MSAF?". [Extracted from the article]

Pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) can negatively impact the family quality of life (QoL). We report data from the real-world Epidemiology of Children with Atopic Dermatitis Reporting on their Experience (EPI-CARE) study in Japanese pediatric patients, focusing on disease impact on family QoL. Children and adolescents aged 6 months to <18 years completed an online survey between September 2018–December 2019. The impact of disease severity on family QoL and its effect on parents' time were assessed using the dermatitis family impact (DFI) questionnaire. The impact of a family history of allergic conditions, current residency, second-hand smoke exposure, and household pets on AD prevalence and severity was also assessed. Family QoL decreased as AD severity increased, particularly in families with children aged <6 years; but had the greatest impact on sleep and tiredness in families with children aged <12 years. Parents spent at least 4.6 h/week caring for children <6 years, including those with mild symptoms. Most children (>80%) had a family history of allergic conditions; AD prevalence was increased in those exposed to second-hand smoke or household pets. This study demonstrated that pediatric AD in Japanese individuals has negative impacts on family QoL and that family and household environments can influence pediatric AD prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atopic march is defined as the progression from atopic dermatitis (AD) during early life to other allergic diseases in later childhood. In a nationwide birth cohort study, the Japan Environment and Children's Study, we investigated the association of bathing habits, which are known to affect skin conditions, for infants with their later development of allergic diseases. Methods: Pregnant women who lived in 15 designated regional centers throughout Japan were recruited. We obtained information on bathing habits for their 18‐month‐old infants and the prevalence of allergic diseases when they were aged 3 years. Results: Data for 74,349 children were analyzed. Most 18‐month‐old infants were bathed or showered almost every day. When they were divided into four groups according to the frequency of soap use during bathing (every time, most of the time, sometimes, and seldom), the risk of AD later at age 3 was shown to increase in association with a decreasing frequency of soap use [most of the time: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.34; sometimes: aOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.46–2.03; seldom: aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.58–2.50], compared with soap use every time during bathing at 18 months of age. Similar results were obtained for food allergy but not for bronchial asthma. Conclusions: Frequent soap use when bathing 18‐month‐old infants was associated with a decreased risk of them developing allergic diseases at age 3. Further well‐designed clinical studies are warranted to determine an effective bathing regimen for preventing the development of allergic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the association between maternal use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) during pregnancy and the onset of allergy among offspring. This study aimed to determine whether maternal HTP smoking is associated with allergy in their offspring and to evaluate the potential dose–response association. Methods: In this web‐based, cross‐sectional survey conducted in July and August 2021 in Japan, we investigated 5688 pairs of postpartum women and infants (<3 years). Clinical diagnoses of infant asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, or atopic dermatitis were reported. Using multilevel Poisson regression, we estimated the prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of allergy in infants with HTP smoking categories cross‐classified by pregnancy periods, and adjusted for potential covariates including maternal cigarette smoking and partner's smoking status. Non‐smokers served as the reference group. Results: In total, 2.4% women smoked HTPs during pregnancy. Allergy occurred in 7.8% of the infants. The prevalence of allergy increased among the offspring of current HTP smokers during pregnancy at 15.2% (PR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.28–3.05); this association was the most pronounced during the first trimester but attenuated before pregnancy and postpartum. Dose–response associations were observed, for example a one‐unit increase in daily maternal HTP use during pregnancy was associated with a 5% increase in allergy onset. Sub‐group analyses excluding cigarette smokers during pregnancy and sensitivity analyses using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire showed a similar pattern. Conclusions: Maternal HTP smoking during pregnancy is associated with allergy in the offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Prenatal selenium exposure was inversely associated with allergic disease risks. • The inverse associations were more evident for lower mercury exposure. • Selenium-rich foods but not predatory fish are recommended for pregnant women. • Selenium exposure may be beneficial for allergic disease risk reduction. Prenatal exposure to metallic elements may adversely affect early childhood health. However, more evidence is needed as population-based cohort studies are currently limited. We aimed to examine the associations between prenatal metallic (mercury, selenium, and manganese) exposure and the risk of allergic diseases in early childhood until three years of age. The data from 94,794 mother-infant pairs, who participated in the Japan Environment and Children's study, were used in this study. Prenatal metallic element exposure was measured in maternal blood collected during mid-pregnancy. The incidence of atopic dermatitis, food allergies, asthma, and allergic rhinitis during the first three years of life was prospectively investigated using self-reports of physician-diagnosed allergies. A multivariable modified Poisson regression model was used to estimate the cumulative incidence ratio and their 95% confidence intervals of allergic diseases associated with prenatal exposure to mercury, selenium, and manganese. We further evaluated the interaction between mercury and selenium exposures in this association. We confirmed 26,238 cases of childhood allergic diseases: atopic dermatitis, food allergies, asthma, and allergic rhinitis in 9,715 (10.3%), 10,897 (11.5%), and 9,857 (10.4%), 4,630 (4.9%), respectively. No association was found between prenatal mercury or manganese exposure and the risk of allergic diseases. Prenatal selenium exposure was inversely associated with atopic dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and any allergic diseases, but not with asthma. These inverse associations were more pronounced for lower mercury exposures than for higher exposures. Our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to selenium may be beneficial for reducing the risk of atopic dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and any allergic diseases in early childhood, especially with lower prenatal mercury exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]