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Path planning is one of the core issues in the autonomous navigation of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV), as the accuracy of the results directly affects the safety of the USV. Hence, this paper proposes a USV path planning algorithm that integrates an improved Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm with a Dynamic Window Approach (DWA). Firstly, in order to advance the solution accuracy and convergence speed of the PSO algorithm, a nonlinear decreasing inertia weight and adaptive learning factors are introduced. Secondly, in order to solve the problem of long path and path non-smoothness, the fitness function of PSO is modified to consider both path length and path smoothness. Finally, the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) are utilised to achieve dynamic obstacle avoidance while complying with maritime practices. Numerical cases verify that the path planned via the proposed algorithm is shorter and smoother, guaranteeing the safety of USV navigation while complying with the COLREGS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryo-electron micrograph images have various characteristics such as varying sizes, shapes, and distribution densities of individual particles, severe background noise, high levels of impurities, irregular shapes, blurred edges, and similar color to the background. How to demonstrate good adaptability in the field of image vision by picking up single particles from multiple types of cryo-electron micrographs is currently a challenge in the field of cryo-electron micrographs. This paper combines the characteristics of the MixUp hybrid enhancement algorithm, enhances the image feature information in the pre-processing stage, builds a feature perception network based on the channel self-attention mechanism in the forward network of the Swin Transformer model network, achieving adaptive adjustment of self-attention mechanism between different single particles, increasing the network's tolerance to noise, Incorporating PReLU activation function to enhance information exchange between pixel blocks of different single particles, and combining the Cross-Entropy function with the softmax function to construct a classification network based on Swin Transformer suitable for cryo-electron micrograph single particle detection model (Swin-cryoEM), achieving mixed detection of multiple types of single particles. Swin-cryoEM algorithm can better solve the problem of good adaptability in picking single particles of many types of cryo-electron micrographs, improve the accuracy and generalization ability of the single particle picking method, and provide high-quality data support for the three-dimensional reconstruction of a single particle. In this paper, ablation experiments and comparison experiments were designed to evaluate and compare Swin-cryoEM algorithms in detail and comprehensively on multiple datasets. The Average Precision is an important evaluation index of the evaluation model, and the optimal Average Precision reached 95.5% in the training stage Swin-cryoEM, and the single particle picking performance was also superior in the prediction stage. This model inherits the advantages of the Swin Transformer detection model and is superior to mainstream models such as Faster R-CNN and YOLOv5 in terms of the single particle detection capability of cryo-electron micrographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problems of high storage resource consumption and low efficiency of the RRT exploration algorithm in the late stage of exploration, this paper proposes an Improved Artificial Fish Swarm based Optimize Rapidly-exploring Random Trees multi-robot Exploration Algorithm. Firstly, the efficiency of a single robot's exploration of nearby unknown regions is improved by dynamically adjusting the step size of the RRT tree.Secondly, the improved artificial fish swarm algorithm is used to delete the redundant nodes in the RRT tree and optimize the node state in the RRT tree, which reduces the occupation of memory resources and improves the exploration efficiency of the RRT tree in the narrow environment.Results from comparative experiments in simulation environments with different degrees of openness show that the optimized exploration algorithm can save significant storage resources and show better exploration performance in narrow environments compared to the original RRT exploration algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) is a swarm intelligence algorithm developed based on the foraging behavior of the ocean's predators. This algorithm has drawbacks including, insufficient population diversity, leading to trapping in local optima and poor convergence. To mitigate these drawbacks, this paper introduces an enhanced MPA based on Adaptive Sampling with Maximin Distance Criterion (AM) and the horizontal and vertical crossover operators – i.e. Adaptive Crossover-based MPA (AC-MPA). The AM approach is used to generate diverse and well-distributed candidate solutions. Whereas the horizontal and vertical crossover operators maintain the population diversity during the search process. The performance of AC-MPA was tested using 51 benchmark functions from CEC2017, CEC2020, and CEC2022, with varying degrees of dimensionality, and the findings are compared with those of its basic version, variants, and numerous well-established metaheuristics. Additionally, 11 engineering optimization problems were utilized to verify the capabilities of the AC-MPA in handling real-world optimization problems. The findings clearly show that AC-MPA performs well in terms of its solution accuracy, convergence, and robustness. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm demonstrates considerable advantages in solving engineering problems, proving its effectiveness and adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic fuzzy neural network algorithm has slow convergence and large amount of calculation, so this paper designed a particle swarm optimization trained fuzzy neural network algorithm to solve this problem. Traditional particle swarm optimization is easy to fall into local extremes and has low efficiency, this paper designed new update rules for inertia weight and learning factors to overcome these problems. We also designed training rules for the improved particle swarm optimization to train fuzzy neural network, and the hybrid algorithm is applied to solve the path planning problem of intelligent driving vehicles. The efficiency and practicability of the algorithm are proved by experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to present an improved neural network algorithm (INNA) for solving the reliability-redundancy allocation problem (RRAP) with nonlinear resource constraints. In this RRAP, both the component reliability and the redundancy allocation are to be considered simultaneously. Neural network algorithm (NNA) is one of the newest and efficient swarm optimization algorithms having a strong global search ability that is very adequate in solving different kinds of complex optimization problems. Despite its efficiency, NNA experiences poor exploitation, which causes slow convergence and also restricts its practical application of solving optimization problems. Considering this deficiency and to obtain a better balance between exploration and exploitation, searching procedure for NNA is reconstructed by implementing a new logarithmic spiral search operator and the searching strategy of the learner phase of teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) and an improved NNA has been developed in this paper. To demonstrate the performance of INNA, it is evaluated against seven well-known reliability optimization problems and finally compared with other existing meta-heuristics algorithms. Additionally, the INNA results are statistically investigated with the Wilcoxon sign-rank test and Multiple comparison test to show the significance of the results. Experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm is highly competitive and performs better than previously developed algorithms in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Golden jackal optimization (GJO) is an effective metaheuristic algorithm that imitates the cooperative hunting behavior of the golden jackal. However, since the update of the prey's position often depends on the male golden jackal and there is insufficient diversity of golden jackals in some cases, it is prone to falling into a local optimal optimum. In order to address these drawbacks of GJO, this paper proposes an improved algorithm, called a hybrid GJO and golden sine (S) algorithm (Gold-SA) with dynamic lens-imaging (L) learning (LSGJO). First, this paper proposes novel dual golden spiral update rules inspired by Gold-SA. These rules give GJO the ability to think like a human (Gold-SA), making the golden jackal more intelligent in the process of preying, and improving the ability and efficiency of optimization. Second, a novel nonlinear dynamic decreasing scaling factor is introduced into the lens-imaging learning operator to maintain the population diversity. The performance of LSGJO is verified through 23 classical benchmark functions and 3 complex design problems in real scenarios. The experimental results show that LSGJO converges faster and more accurately than 11 state-of-the-art optimization algorithms, the global and local search ability has improved significantly, and the proposed algorithm has shown superior performance in solving constrained problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the shortcomings of whale optimization algorithm (WOA) when solving problems such as high dimension, multi-peak and non-origin of optimal value, such as low convergence accuracy and easy to be captured by local optimum, this paper proposed a whale optimization algorithm based on multi-dimensional variation learning and distributed optimization (MLDOWOA) . Firstly, this algorithm introduced adaptive weights and dominant individual interference to dynamically adjust the direction of individual spiral surround, which improved the global search ability and convergence accuracy of the algorithm. Then, in order to further expand the search range of the algorithm, the improved algorithm used a multi-dimensional variation learning mechanism to adaptively plan the direction of population variation. Finally, it put forward the distributed optimization mechanism to coordinate the step size of search, so as to help the population break through the limitation of search stagnation in the middle and late stage. The test results on 8 high dimensional benchmark functions and 4 fixed dimensional benchmark functions show that, compared with the basic WOA, SSA and the improved WOA algorithms ACWOA, AWOA, MSIWOA, ADWOA, the proposed algorithm has significant advantages in convergence accuracy and ability to cope with high dimensional functions. This paper used the algorithm to tune the parameters of the FOPID controller, and compared the control results with the research results of this engineering problem in recent years, which prove the excellent performance of the proposed algorithm in FOPID parameter tuning problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ideal gas molecular movement (IGMM) as a metaheuristic optimization method is a prominent option for solving optimization problems. However, in some complex cases, IGMM may possess premature convergence or get trapped in local optima. Therefore, to tackle these issues, this paper indicates a new modified IGMM algorithm named opposition‐based IGMM, which has been incorporated with opposition based learning (OBL), Cauchy mutation (CM), velocity clamping (VC), and mirror operator (MO) to enhance its performance. OBL, VC, and MO improve the convergence of IGMM, whereas CM assists IGMM to escape local optima. The effect of each strategy, OBL, CM, VC, and MO, on IGMM, is confirmed through 30 low and high‐dimensional benchmarks, including 23 well‐known mathematical problems and CEC2017 as complex test functions and three engineering problems. Analysis results represent that integration IGMM with OBL, CM, VC, and MO has the best performance among other IGMM variants and eventually improved IGMM in exploration, exploitation, accelerating convergence, and local optima avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem of crane anti-swing, fuzzy PID is a common method. However, the parameter configuration of fuzzy PID requires a lot of time and effort from professionals. Based on this, we introduce the LSO algorithm and add the stray operator, which effectively improves its global search performance. By combining SLSO and fuzzy PID and comparing them with other methods, this paper confirms that even without the targeted optimization by professionals, the optimization algorithm can find the appropriate parameter configuration for fuzzy PID which can be effectively used in the crane anti-swing problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is difficult to accurately classify a service into specific service clusters for the multirelationships between services. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a service partition method based on particle swarm fuzzy clustering, which can effectively consider multirelationships between services by using a fuzzy clustering algorithm. Firstly, the algorithm for automatically determining the number of clusters is to determine the number of service clusters based on the density of the service core point. Secondly, the fuzzy c -means combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm to find the optimal cluster center of the service. Finally, the fuzzy clustering algorithm uses the improved Gram-cosine similarity to obtain the final results. Extensive experiments on real web service data show that our method is better than mainstream clustering algorithms in accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithms encounter significant challenges when tackling many-objective optimization problems. This is mainly because of the imbalance between convergence and diversity that occurs when increasing the selection pressure. In this paper, a novel adaptive MOPSO (ANMPSO) algorithm based on R2 contribution and adaptive method is developed to improve the performance of MOPSO. First, a new global best solutions selection mechanism with R2 contribution is introduced to select leaders with better diversity and convergence. Second, to obtain a uniform distribution of particles, an adaptive method is used to guide the flight of particles. Third, a re-initialization strategy is proposed to prevent particles from trapping into local optima. Empirical studies on a large number (64 in total) of problem instances have demonstrated that ANMPSO performs well in terms of inverted generational distance and hyper-volume metrics. Experimental studies on the practical application have also revealed that ANMPSO could effectively solve problems in the real world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic weapon target assignment (DWTA) is an effective method to solve the multi-stage battlefield fire optimization problem, which can reflect the actual combat scenario better than static weapon target assignment (SWTA). In this paper, a meaningful and effective DWTA model is established, which contains two practical and conflicting objectives, namely, maximizing combat benefits and minimizing weapon costs. Moreover, the model contains limited resource constraints, feasibility constraints and fire transfer constraints. The existence of multi-objective and multi-constraint makes DWTA more complicated. To solve this problem, an improved multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm (IMOPSO) is proposed in this paper. Various learning strategies are adopted for the dominated and non-dominated solutions of the algorithm, so that the algorithm can learn and evolve in a targeted manner. In order to solve the problem that the algorithm is easy to fall into local optimum, this paper proposes a search strategy based on simulated binary crossover (SBX) and polynomial mutation (PM), which enables elitist information to be shared among external archive and enhances the exploratory capabilities of IMOPSO. In addition, a dynamic archive maintenance strategy is applied to improve the diversity of non-dominated solutions. Finally, this algorithm is compared with three state-of-the-art multiobjective optimization algorithms, including solving benchmark functions and DWTA model in this article. Experimental results show that IMOPSO has better convergence and distribution than the other three multiobjective optimization algorithms. IMOPSO has obvious advantages in solving multiobjective DWTA problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfer learning methods exploit similarities between different datasets to improve the performance of the target task by transferring knowledge from source tasks to the target task. "What to transfer" is a main research issue in transfer learning. The existing transfer learning method generally needs to acquire the shared parameters by integrating human knowledge. However, in many real applications, an understanding of which parameters can be shared is unknown beforehand. Transfer learning model is essentially a special multi-objective optimization problem. Consequently, this paper proposes a novel auto-sharing parameter technique for transfer learning based on multi-objective optimization and solves the optimization problem by using a multi-swarm particle swarm optimizer. Each task objective is simultaneously optimized by a sub-swarm. The current best particle from the sub-swarm of the target task is used to guide the search of particles of the source tasks and vice versa. The target task and source task are jointly solved by sharing the information of the best particle, which works as an inductive bias. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the proposed algorithm on several synthetic data sets and two real-world data sets of a school data set and a landmine data set, which show that the proposed algorithm is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the meta-heuristic algorithm solves the joint resource allocation problem of multi-beam satellites, the computational complexity increases and the algorithm is difficult to converge due to the time delay constraint and capacity constraint. This paper introduced a penalty mechanism in the objective function, and added a penalty value to the objective function of the invalid solution, so that the optimized solution adaptively satisfied these two constraints. Based on this, this paper proposed a joint resource allocation algorithm based on quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization. Simulation results show that the introduction of the penalty strategy solves the problem of difficulty in handling the delay constraint and capacity constraint when applying the meta-heuristic algorithm. The quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm with penalty mechanism outperforms the existing joint allocation algorithm in terms of allocation fairness index and total system capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the location of the sensor nodes is a challenging aspect of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in a distributed environment. It is vital to understand where data and events come from when sensor nodes collect data and report on them. This paper uses a nature-inspired Jaya algorithm to estimate the location coordinates of target nodes in a distributed architecture of WSNs. The Jaya algorithm handles the nonlinear optimization problem of node localization in a randomly distributed sensor node configuration. The range-based, Received Signal Strength Indicator method is used for the distance estimation. MATLAB software is used to assess the proposed work, and a comparison is made with the Particle Swarm Optimization, Krill Herd Optimization, and Salp Swarm Algorithm based node localization algorithms in terms of localization error and computation time. The localization error analysis is done for the different numbers of anchor nodes and different values of degree of irregularity to verify the effectiveness of the proposed work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problems of low convergence accuracy, slow convergence speed and easy to fall into local optimum of traditional particle swarm algorithm, this paper proposed an improved particle swarm algorithm with multistrategy fusion. Firstly, in order to accelerate the convergence speed of free particles, the improved algorithm used a method of updating the position of free particles based on the midperpendicular algorithm. secondly, the improved algorithm designed a strategy of generating exploding particles near the optimal particles to enhance the optimizationseeking accuracy and optimization-seeking speed of the algorithm, and the improved algorithm also designed a particle velocity updating strategy relying only on the global optimal particle position to accommodate the first two strategies. Finally, The algorithm also used the inertia weights and particle position update methods of the simplified particle swarm optimization algorithm based on probabilistic hierarchy. This paper designed a few comparison experiments with other five improved particle swarm algorithms, and the results show that the improved algorithm in this paper has a greater advantage and better performance whether dealing with low-dimensional problems or high-dimensional problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional Distributed Constraint Optimization Problems (F-DCOPs) are a constraint processing framework for continuous variables in the multi-agent system. Particle swarm optimization-based F-DCOP (PFD) is a population-based algorithm to solve F-DCOP collaboratively. Although it can significantly reduce the computational overhead and memory requirements, its solution depends on the decision of root agent in the Breadth First Search (BFS) pseudo-tree and it is easy to fall into local optimum. To solve the above problems, this paper designed an improved PFD algorithm with Local Decision named PFD-LD, which effectively reduces the dependence on root agent through local decision. In addition, a mutation operator is used to avoid falling into local optimum. It is proved that PFD-LD is an anytime algorithm and local decision can expand the search of the solution space. Finally, the extensive experiments based on four types of benchmark problems show that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art F-DCOP solving algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parameter extraction of photovoltaic (PV) models based on measured current–voltage data plays an important role in the control, simulation, and optimization of PV systems. Despite the fact that various parameter extraction strategies have been dedicated to solving this problem, they may have certain drawbacks. In this paper, an effective hybrid optimization method based on adaptive rat swarm optimization (ARSO) and pattern search (PS) is presented for effectively and consistently extracting PV parameters. The proposed method employs the global search ability of ARSO and the local search ability of PS. The performance of the new algorithm is investigated using a set of benchmark test functions, and the results are compared with those of the standard RSO and some other methods from the literature. The extraction of parameters from several PV models, such as single‐diode, double‐diode, and PV modules, confirms the performance of the suggested method. Simulation results show that the proposed method surpasses other state‐of‐the‐art procedures in terms of accuracy, reliability, and convergence speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering (17264073) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To solve the problem that the K-means algorithm is sensitive to the initial clustering centers and easily falls into local optima, we propose a new hybrid clustering algorithm called the IGWOKHM algorithm. In this paper, we first propose an improved strategy based on a nonlinear convergence factor, an inertial step size, and a dynamic weight to improve the search ability of the traditional grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. Then, the improved GWO (IGWO) algorithm and the K-harmonic means (KHM) algorithm are fused to solve the clustering problem. This fusion clustering algorithm is called IGWOKHM, and it combines the global search ability of IGWO with the local fast optimization ability of KHM to both solve the problem of the K-means algorithm's sensitivity to the initial clustering centers and address the shortcomings of KHM. The experimental results on 8 test functions and 4 University of California Irvine (UCI) datasets show that the IGWO algorithm greatly improves the efficiency of the model while ensuring the stability of the algorithm. The fusion clustering algorithm can effectively overcome the inadequacies of the K-means algorithm and has a good global optimization ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clustering is an important data mining technique described as unsupervised learning. Till date, many single-objective clustering algorithms have been developed on the basis of swarm intelligence and evolutionary techniques. It is noticed that these clustering algorithms provide better solutions for clustering problems, but sometimes, these solutions seem to be biased and also not appropriate for the problem with geometrical shapes datasets. In turn, performance of the clustering algorithms can be degraded. One of the possible solutions is to adopt multi-objective approach instead of single objective. In multi-objective approach, more than one objective functions can be considered for solving the clustering problems and these functions are conflicted in nature. Further, in multi-objective approach, Pareto-optimal solutions can be generated for improving the clustering performance. Hence, this paper presents a multi-objective clustering algorithm based on vibrating particle system (VPS) for effective cluster analysis, called MOVPS. This work considers intra-cluster variance and connectedness as objective functions, and VPS algorithm is used for optimizing the aforementioned objectives to obtain good clustering results. The performance of MOVPS algorithm is tested over a set of benchmark datasets and validated by comparing clustering results with various multi-objective and single-objective clustering algorithms from the literature. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the MOVPS algorithm based on F-measure, coverage, distribution, convergence, non-dominating vector generation and intra-cluster distance measures. The simulation results showed that the proposed MOVPS algorithm enhances the clustering results significantly in comparison with existing multi-objective and single-objective clustering algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve engineering problems with evolutionary algorithms, many expensive function evaluations (FEs) are required. To alleviate this difficulty, surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) have attracted increasingly more attention in both academia and industry. Most existing SAEAs either waste computational resources due to the lack of accuracy of the surrogate model or easily fall into the local optimum as the dimension increases. To address these problems, this paper proposes an adaptive surrogate-assisted particle swarm optimization algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, a surrogate model is adaptively selected from a single model and an ensemble model by comparing the best existing solution and the latest obtained solution. Additionally, a model output criterion based on the standard deviation is suggested to improve the stability and generalization ability of the ensemble model. To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, 10 benchmark functions with different modalities from 10 to 50 dimensions are tested, and the results are compared with those of five state-of-the-art SAEAs. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm performs well for most benchmark functions within a limited number of FEs. Moreover, the performance of the proposed algorithm in solving engineering problems is verified by applying the algorithm to the PX oxidation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Convolutional neural network (CNN) is now widely applied in bearing fault diagnosis, but the design of network structure or parameter tuning is time-consuming. To solve this problem, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the network structure and a self-adaptive CNN is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, a theoretical method is used to automatically determine the window size of short-time Fourier transform (STFT). To reduce the computation time, PSO is only applied to obtain the optimal key parameters in CNN with a small number of training samples and a small epoch number. To simplify the CNN structure, a fitness function considering the numbers of kernels and neuron nodes is used in PSO. According to the verification experiments for two well-known public datasets, the proposed method can get higher accuracy than other state-of-art methods. Furthermore, the parameters that are required to be input only involve the bearing parameters, so the proposed method can be applied in industry readily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper designed an advanced hybrid algorithm (haDEPSO) to solve the optimization problems, based on multi-population approach. It integrated with suggested advanced DE (aDE) and PSO (aPSO). Where in aDE a novel mutation strategy and crossover probability along with the slightly changed selection scheme are introduced, to avoid premature convergence. And aPSO consists of the novel gradually varying inertia weight and acceleration coefficient parameters, to escape stagnation. So, convergence characteristic of aDE and aPSO provides different approximation to the solution space. Thus, haDEPSO achieve better solutions due to integrating merits of aDE and aPSO. Also in haDEPSO individual population is merged with other in a pre-defined manner, to balance between global and local search capability. The algorithms efficiency is verified through 23 basic, 30 CEC 2014 and 30 CEC 2017 test suite and comparing the results with various state-of-the-art algorithms. The numerical, statistical and graphical analysis shows the effectiveness of these algorithms in terms of accuracy and convergence speed. Finally, three real world problems have been solved to confirm problem-solving capability of proposed algorithms. All these analyses confirm the superiority of the proposed algorithms over the compared algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Balancing the convergence and the diversity is one of the crucial researches in solving multi-objective problems (MOPs). However, the optimization algorithms are inefficient and require massive iterations. The convergence accuracy and the distribution of the obtained non-dominated solutions are defective in solving complex MOPs. To solve these problems, a novel adaptive multi-objective particle swarm optimization using a three-stage strategy (tssAMOPSO) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an adaptive flight parameter adjustment is proposed to manage the states of the algorithm, switching between the global exploration and the local exploitation. Then, the three-stage strategy, including adaptive optimization, decomposition, and Gaussian attenuation mutation, is conducted by population in each iteration. The three-stage strategy remarkably promotes the diversity and efficiency of the optimization process. Furthermore, the convergence analysis of three-stage strategy is provided in detail. Finally, particles are equipped with memory interval to improve the reliability of personal best selection. In the maintenance of external archive, the proposed fusion index can enhance the quality of non-dominated solutions directly. A series of benchmark instances, ZDT and DTLZ test suits, are used to verify the performance of tssAMOPSO. Several classical and state-of-the-art algorithms are employed for experimental comparisons. Experimental results show that tssAMOPSO outperforms the other algorithms and achieves admirable comprehensive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) path planning algorithm represents each particle as a path and evolves the particles to find an optimal path. However, there are problems in premature convergence, poor global search ability, and to the ease in which particles fall into the local optimum, which could lead to the failure of fast optimal path obtainment. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes an improved PSO combined gray wolf optimization (IPSO-GWO) algorithm with chaos and a new adaptive inertial weight. The gray wolf optimizer can sort the particles during evolution to find the particles with optimal fitness value, and lead other particles to search for the position of the particle with the optimal fitness value, which gives the PSO algorithm higher global search capability. The chaos can be used to initialize the speed and position of the particles, which can reduce the prematurity and increase the diversity of the particles. The new adaptive inertial weight is designed to improve the global search capability and convergence speed. In addition, when the algorithm falls into a local optimum, the position of the particle with the historical best fitness can be found through the chaotic sequence, which can randomly replace a particle to make it jump out of the local optimum. The proposed IPSO-GWO algorithm is first tested by function optimization using ten benchmark functions and then applied for optimal robot path planning in a simulated environment. Simulation results show that the proposed IPSO-GWO is able to find an optimal path much faster than traditional PSO-GWO based methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Sparrow search algorithm (SSA) is a novel global optimization method, but it is easy to fall into local optimization, which leads to its poor search accuracy and stability. The purpose of this study is to propose an improved SSA algorithm, called levy flight and opposition-based learning (LOSSA), based on LOSSA strategy. The LOSSA shows better search accuracy, faster convergence speed and stronger stability. Design/methodology/approach: To further enhance the optimization performance of the algorithm, The Levy flight operation is introduced into the producers search process of the original SSA to enhance the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimum. The opposition-based learning strategy generates better solutions for SSA, which is beneficial to accelerate the convergence speed of the algorithm. On the one hand, the performance of the LOSSA is evaluated by a set of numerical experiments based on classical benchmark functions. On the other hand, the hyper-parameter optimization problem of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is also used to test the ability of LOSSA to solve practical problems. Findings: First of all, the effectiveness of the two improved methods is verified by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Second, the statistical results of the numerical experiment show the significant improvement of the LOSSA compared with the original algorithm and other natural heuristic algorithms. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the LOSSA in solving the hyper-parameter optimization problem of machine learning algorithms are demonstrated. Originality/value: An improved SSA based on LOSSA is proposed in this paper. The experimental results show that the overall performance of the LOSSA is satisfactory. Compared with the SSA and other natural heuristic algorithms, the LOSSA shows better search accuracy, faster convergence speed and stronger stability. Moreover, the LOSSA also showed great optimization performance in the hyper-parameter optimization of the SVM model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disaster preparedness measures can prepare for disaster relief to ensure that emergency supplies can reach the disaster area in a timely and effective manner. This paper proposed a bi-level programming emergency resource scheduling location-routing model with considering preparedness ( BLERSLR-P) In the model, the upper level aimed to minimize the total cost of supply station construction and operation, while the lower level aimed to minimize the cost of distribution route. This paper designed an improved bi-level salp swarm genetic algorithm (BLSSAGA) to solve this problem, combined the concept of iterative division to update the leader position, used the natural exponential inertia weight strategy to modify the control factor, used the chaotic map to update the follower position, and used Taguchi analysis to obtain reasonable values of parameters. Finally, this paper used bi-level salp swarm genetic algorithm ( BLSSAGA) and genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm ( GAPSO), particle swarm optimization algorithm( PSO), and immune optimization algorithm(IA ) to solve and compare and analyze the LRP data set in OR-Library, which verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Feature selection and lung nodule recognition are the core modules of the lung computer-aided detection (Lung CAD) system. To improve the performance of the Lung CAD system, algorithmic research is carried out for the above two parts, respectively. First, in view of the poor interpretability of deep features and the incomplete expression of clinically defined handcrafted features, a feature cascade method is proposed to obtain richer feature information of nodules as the final input of the classifier. Second, to better map the global characteristics of samples, the multiple kernel learning support vector machine (MKL-SVM) algorithm with a linear convex combination of polynomial kernel and sigmoid kernel is proposed. Furthermore, this paper applied the methods for speed contraction factor and roulette strategy, and a mixture of simulated annealing (SA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used for global optimization, so as to solve the problem that the PSO is easy to lose particle diversity and fall into the local optimal solution as well as improve the model's training speed. Therefore, the MKL-SVM algorithm is presented in this paper, which is based on swarm intelligence optimization is proposed for lung nodule recognition. Finally, the algorithm construction experiments are conducted on the cooperative hospital dataset and compared with 8 advanced algorithms on the public dataset LUNA16. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can improve the accuracy of lung nodule recognition and reduce the missed detection of nodules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper improves the accuracy of a mine robot's positioning and mapping for rapid rescue. Specifically, we improved the FastSLAM algorithm inspired by the lion swarm optimization method. Through the division of labor between different individuals in the lion swarm optimization algorithm, the optimized particle set distribution after importance sampling in the FastSLAM algorithm is realized. The particles are distributed in a high likelihood area, thereby solving the problem of particle weight degradation. Meanwhile, the diversity of particles is increased since the foraging methods between individuals in the lion swarm algorithm are different so that improving the accuracy of the robot's positioning and mapping. The experimental results confirmed the improvement of the algorithm and the accuracy of the robot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem that the original sparrow search algorithm (Sparrow Search Algorithm, SSA) has reduced population diversity and the weak local development ability makes it difficult to jump out of the local optimum under the condition of approaching the global optimum. This paper proposes a sparrow search algorithm based on tangential flight (tangent flight Sparrow Search Algorithm, tanSSA). First of all, using adaptive t-distribution strategy to improve the finder location update formula can improve the individual sparrow’s optimization ability and prevent the algorithm from maturing. Then, the tangent flight strategy in the tangent search algorithm can enhance the search space ability of the algorithm, and can make the algorithm jump out of the advantage of the local optimal solution. In original sparrow search algorithm, using the tangent flight disturbance strategy to disturb the optimal solution. The combination of these two strategies can effectively improve the exploration and development performance of tanSSA algorithm. Finally, using 12 standard benchmark functions to test and verify the optimization performance of tanSSA algorithm combined with Wilcoxon rank sum test, and compared with the original SSA algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm and adaptive t-distribution SSA algorithm. The experimental results show that the optimization ability and convergence speed of the sparrow search algorithm based on tangent flight have a significant improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feature Selection (FS) is regarded as an important preprocessing technique with the main aim of discarding irrelevant and redundant features on the premise of improving or retaining classification accuracy. As one of the most popular FS methods, the swarm intelligent (SI) algorithm based FS method faces great challenges in solution quality. Given this, a novel probe mechanism based particle swarm optimization (PPSO) is proposed. The probe mechanism is proposed to test the dataset with different filter methods by employing a part of features to generate high-quality initial population, thus playing a critical role in enhancing the final results of the algorithm. Next, the repeated binarized solution avoid mechanism prevents the same binarized solution from repeating compute the fitness function, which can improve the exploration capability. Additionally, a volcanic eruption mechanism based on the updated information of the global best solution is designed to improve the performance in convergence rate and search precision. In the experiment section, 14 UCI datasets are employed to assess the performance of the PPSO. The outcomes show that the designed strategies can significantly improve the original PSO, and the PPSO is more efficient than the other comparative algorithms for solving the FS problems. In addition, the impact of each strategy is analyzed, and the volcanic eruption mechanism is the most efficient among the three strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) is a novel nature-inspired metaheuristics algorithm proposed in recent years. The basic BOA is slow convergence, low accuracy and easy to fall into local optimum. To solve the above problem of basic BOA, this paper proposed an adaptive butterfly optimization algorithm based on mutation strategies ( ABO A-MS) . Firstly, it introduced the strategy of adjust the conversion probability dynamically, which effectively balanced the ability of the global exploration and local search, by means of dynamically adjusting the switching probability of the change information of iteration times and individual fitness. Secondly, it introduced the adaptive inertia weight strategy and local mutation strategy. It applied the inertia weight value and chaotic memory weight factor, which further improved the diversity of this algorithm, and effectively avoided its precocious convergence, as well as accelerated its convergence speed and solving accuracy. In order to verify the optimization performance of the modified algorithm, it carried out the simulation experiments among the modified algorithm, the basic BOA algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the salp swarm algorithm, the gray wolf optimization and the others. Simulation results illustrate that the modified algorithm has excellent performance of fast convergence speed, high optimization accuracy and strong stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stable, efficient and lossless fruit picking has always been a difficult problem, perplexing the development of fruit automatic picking technology. In order to effectively solve this technical problem, this paper establishes a multi-objective trajectory model of the manipulator and proposes an improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (represented as GMOPSO). The algorithm combines the methods of mutation operator, annealing factor and feedback mechanism to improve the diversity of the population on the basis of meeting the stable motion, avoiding the local optimal solution and accelerating the convergence speed. By adopting the average optimal evaluation method, the robot arm motion trajectory has been testified to constructively fulfill the picking standards of stability, efficiency and lossless. The performance of the algorithm is verified by ZDT1~ZDT3 benchmark functions, and its competitive advantages and disadvantages with other multi-objective evolutionary algorithms are further elaborated. In this paper, the algorithm is simulated and verified by practical experiments with the optimization objectives of time, energy consumption and pulsation. The simulation results show that the solution set of the algorithm is close to the real Pareto frontier. The optimal solution obtained by the average optimal evaluation method is as follows: the time is 34.20 s, the energy consumption is 61.89 °/S2 and the pulsation is 72.18 °/S3. The actual test results show that the trajectory can effectively complete fruit picking, the average picking time is 25.5 s, and the success rate is 96.67%. The experimental results show that the trajectory of the manipulator obtained by GMOPSO algorithm can make the manipulator run smoothly and facilitates efficient, stable and nondestructive picking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UAV trajectory planning is one of the research focuses in artificial intelligence and UAV technology. The asymmetric information, however, will lead to the uncertainty of the UAV trajectory planning; the probability theory as the most commonly used method to solve the trajectory planning problem in uncertain environment will lead to unrealistic conclusions under the condition of lacking samples, while the uncertainty theory based on uncertain measures is an efficient method to solve such problems. Firstly, the uncertainties in trajectory planning are sufficiently considered in this paper; the fuel consumption, concealment and threat degree with uncertain variables are taken as the objective functions; the constraints are analyzed according to the maneuverability; and the uncertain multi-objective trajectory planning (UMOTP) model is established. After that, this paper takes both the long-term benefits and its stability into account, and then, the expected-value and standard-deviation efficient trajectory model is established. What is more, this paper solves the Pareto front of the trajectory planning, satisfying various preferences, which avoids the defects of the trajectory obtained by traditional model only applicable to a certain specific situation. In order to obtain a better solution set, this paper proposes an improved backbones particle swarm optimization algorithm based on PSO and NSGA-II, which overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional algorithm such as premature convergence and poor robustness, and the efficiency of the algorithm is tested. Finally, the algorithm is applied to the UMOTP problem; then, the optimal trajectory set is obtained, and the effectiveness and reliability of the model is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current evaluation index systems (EISs) of innovation and entrepreneurship (I&E) ability are not sufficiently systematic, scientific, or practical. To solve the problem, this paper tries to evaluate the I&E ability of computer majors, using neural networks improved by particle swarm optimization (PSO). Firstly, an EIS of 22 second-level indexes under 5 firstlevel indexes was designed to evaluate the I&E ability of college computer majors. Next, an evaluation model was developed based on fuzzy neural network (FNN), and the corresponding training algorithm was created. Moreover, an improved PSO was introduced to optimize the FNN, and the optimization process was detailed. The proposed model was proved effective through experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of network security is to keep services available at all times by dealing with hacker attacks. One of the mechanisms obtainable is the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) which is used to sense and classify any abnormal actions. Therefore, the IDS system should always be up-to-date with the latest hacker attack signatures to keep services confidential, safe, and available. IDS speed is a very important issue in addition to learning new attacks. A modified selection strategy based on features was proposed in this paper one of the important swarm intelligent algorithms is the Meerkat Clan Algorithm (MCA). Meerkat Clan Algorithm has good diversity solutions through its neighboring generation conduct and it was used to solve several problems. The proposed strategy benefitted from mutual information to increase the performance and decrease the consumed time. Two datasets (NSL-KDD & UNSW-NB15) for Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) have been used to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental findings indicate that, compared to other approaches, the proposed algorithm produces good results in a minimum of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem of multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) collaborative logistics task allocation in urban areas, a collaborative logistics task allocation model for multiple UAVs is constructed with the objective function of minimizing economic cost, time penalty and safety risk by comprehensively considering the factors of different UAVs' performance, logistics timeliness and flight reliability. Because of the large scale and high complexity of task allocation, an improved quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm is designed to solve the problem. Firstly, in order to enhance the ergodicity and diversity of particles, particle initialization is carried out by homogenization cascade Logistic mapping. Then, in order to improve the search ability of particles and speed up the running efficiency of the algorithm, particle mutation method based on Gaussian distribution is introduced. Finally, in order to improve the efficiency of the algorithm, adaptive inertia weight method is used to assign different values to each particle. Simulation results show that the constructed model can achieve multi-objective optimization of task allocation. It is close to the reality of UAV logistics distribution in urban areas. Compared with the traditional quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm and the genetic algorithm, the task allocation cost of the improved algorithm is reduced by 5.9% and 6.3% respectively. Furthermore, the parameter weight setting is also analyzed in this paper. When the weight coefficients of the three sub objective functions are 0.225, 0.275 and 0.500 respectively and the population size is 150, the task allocation scheme planned by this algorithm is optimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the key technologies in the fifth generation of mobile communications, massive multi-input multioutput (MIMO) can improve system throughput and transmission reliability. However, if all antennas are used to transmit data, the same number of radiofrequency chains is required, which not only increases the cost of system but also reduces the energy efficiency (EE). To solve these problems, in this paper, we propose an EE optimization based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. First, we consider the base station (BS) antennas and terminal users and analyze their impact on EE in the uplink and downlink of a single-cell multiuser massive MIMO system. Second, a dynamic power consumption model is used under zero-forcing processing, and it obtains the expression of EE that is used as the fitness function of the PSO algorithm under perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) in single-cell scenarios and imperfect CSI in multicell scenarios. Finally, the optimal EE value is obtained by updating the global optimal positions of the particles. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional iterative algorithm and artificial bee colony algorithm, the proposed algorithm not only possesses the lowest complexity but also obtains the highest optimal value of EE under the single-cell perfect CSI scenario. In the single-cell and multicell scenarios with imperfect CSI, the proposed algorithm is capable of obtaining the same or slightly lower optimal EE value than that of the traditional iterative algorithm, but the running time is at most only 1/12 of that imposed by the iterative algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolutionary algorithms are suitable methods for solving complex problems. Many changes have thus been made on their original structures in order to obtain more desirable solutions. Parallelization is a suitable technique to decrease the runtime of the algorithm, and therefore, to obtain solutions with higher quality. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed with two approaches, which is based on a parallelization technique with shared memory architecture. In the proposed algorithm, the search space is firstly decomposed into multiple equal and independent subspaces. Then, a subtask is performed on each subspace simultaneously in a parallel manner which leads to providing more qualified solutions. Splitting the search space into smaller subspaces causes the algorithm to find optimal solutions in each region in an easier way. The algorithm RAPSO is improved with applying a new acceleration coefficient which has been named IRAPSO. In the proposed algorithm, the IRAPSO is used as the subtask. For the sake of testing the proposed algorithm, fourteen well-known benchmarks of numerical optimizing problems are inspected. Then, the proposed algorithm is compared with algorithms PPBO and PSOPSO that were both based on the island model. The results of the proposed algorithm are much better than those of the other two algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The path planning of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in three-dimensional (3D) environment is an important part of the entire UAV's autonomous control system. In the constrained mission environment, planning optimal paths for multiple UAVs is a challenging problem. To solve this problem, the time stamp segmentation (TSS) model is adopted to simplify the handling of coordination cost of UAVs, and then a novel hybrid algorithm called HIPSO-MSOS is proposed by combining improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) and modified symbiotic organisms search (MSOS). The exploration and exploitation abilities are combined efficiently, which brings good performance to the proposed algorithm. The cubic B-spline curve is used to smooth the generated path so that the planned path is flyable for UAV. To assess performance, the simulation is carried out in the virtual three-dimensional complex terrain environment. The experimental results show that the HIPSO-MSOS algorithm can successfully generate feasible and effective paths for each UAV, and its performance is superior to the other five algorithms, namely PSO, Firefly, DE, MSOS and HSGWO-MSOS algorithms in terms of accuracy, convergence speed, stability and robustness. Moreover, HIPSO-MSOS performs better than other tested methods in multi-objective optimization problems. Thus, the HIPSO-MSOS algorithm is a feasible and reliable alternative for some difficult and practical problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, modified constant modulus algorithm based on bat algorithm is proposed for wireless sensor communications systems. The bat algorithm is a swarm intelligence optimization algorithm, which mainly used to solve optimization problems. The proposed algorithm focused on modified constant modulus algorithm, which is also applicable to the constant modulus algorithm. The error function of blind equalization algorithm is used as the evaluation function of the bat algorithm, and then the initial value of the weight vector is calculated adaptively by the bat algorithm. Theoretical analysis is provided to illustrate that the proposed algorithm has a faster convergence speed than the original one and is suitable for almost all blind channel equalization algorithms. The simulation results support the newly proposed improved algorithm. The proposed algorithm could be applied to some more complex wireless channel environments to improve the reception performance of sensor communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important and efficient methods in providing suitable solutions for various optimization problems is population-based optimization algorithms. The main contribution and innovation of this paper is to present a new optimization method called Three Influential Members Based Optimizer (TIMBO) which is used for implementation in solving optimization problems. The main idea in designing the proposed TIMBO is to use three important population members with the titles of best member, worst member, and member as mean population in updating the position of population members of the algorithm in the problem search space. The most important feature and advantage of the TIMBO is that it does not have any control parameters, which means that there is no need to control the parameter in this algorithm. TIMBO has been mathematically modeled for use in solving various optimization problems. The efficiency of the TIMBO is analyzed in order to provide suitable quasi-optimal solutions on a set of twenty-three standard objective functions of different types unimodal, high-dimensional multimodal, and fixed-dimensional. Evaluation of unimodal functions indicates the high exploitation power of the proposed TIMBO and evaluation of multimodal functions indicates the appropriate exploration power of the TIMBO. Also, the results obtained from the TIMBO are compared with the performance of eight other well-known optimization algorithms including Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Grasshopper Optimisation Algorithm (GOA), Hide Object Game Optimizer (HOGO), and Flow Direction Algorithm (FDA). The results of optimization of standard objective functions indicate the high capability of the TIMBO in providing quasi-optimal solutions suitable for various optimization problems. In addition, analyzing and comparing the performance of the other eight optimization algorithms shows that the TIMBO has a more effective ability to solve optimization problems and is much more competitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a hybridization of two efficient algorithm's Multi-objective Ant Lion Optimizer Algorithm (MOALO) which is a multi-objective enhanced version of the Ant Lion Optimizer Algorithm (ALO) and the Genetic Algorithm (GA). MOALO version has been employed to address those problems containing many objectives and an archive has been employed for retaining the non-dominated solutions. The uniqueness of the hybrid is that the operators like mutation and crossover of GA are employed in the archive to update the solutions and later those solutions go through the process of MOALO. A first-time hybrid of these algorithms is employed to solve multi-objective problems. The hybrid algorithm overcomes the limitation of ALO of getting caught in the local optimum and the requirement of more computational effort to converge GA. To evaluate the hybridized algorithm's performance, a set of constrained, unconstrained test problems and engineering design problems were employed and compared with five well-known computational algorithms-MOALO, Multi-objective Crystal Structure Algorithm (MOCryStAl), Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO), Multi-objective Multiverse Optimization Algorithm (MOMVO), Multi-objective Salp Swarm Algorithm (MSSA). The outcomes of five performance metrics are statistically analyzed and the most efficient Pareto fronts comparison has been obtained. The proposed hybrid surpasses MOALO based on the results of hyper volume (HV), Spread, and Spacing. So primary objective of developing this hybrid approach has been achieved successfully. The proposed approach demonstrates superior performance on the test functions, showcasing robust convergence and comprehensive coverage that surpasses other existing algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new BP-ANN calculation method for reactor fuel reloading optimization was developed. • The BP-ANNs developed in this paper have higher precision than those in similar paper. • Five different meta-heuristic algorithms were compared when combining with the BP-ANN calculation method for fuel reloading optimization. • The developed BP-ANN calculation method for reactor fuel reloading optimization obviously fasten the calculation time. In order to obtain optimal core configurations, the problems of fuel reloading optimization must be solved in nuclear engineering field. This problem is a combinational optimization problem with an enormous solution space. In the traditional calculation method, the meta-heuristic algorithms (MHAs) are used to search and update optimization solutions continuously, while the core physics calculation programs are used to calculate the optimization parameters. In this research, we developed a new BP-ANN calculation method to solve the problems of fuel reloading optimization for thorium-based block-type high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs). In this method, the function of core physics calculation programs are replaced by BP-ANNs in order to reduce calculation time. Besides, five different MHAs, which are genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), Teaching-learning based optimization algorithm (TLBO), harmony search (HS) and Rank-based ant system (RAS), are used under this new method to solve the problems of fuel reloading optimization, respectively. The results shows that PSO is the best MHA with a real feasible solution ratio of 0.30 and the best fitness function value of 0.455904. Compared to the traditional calculation method, the calculation time of BP-ANN calculation method is reduced to 0.7% of the former. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaheuristic optimization methods have been implemented for solving several problems. However, when it is required to implement those algorithms in hardware to run online, there is not enough information. This paper describes how could be programmed and implemented those optimization algorithms. Moreover, a complete evaluation is shown as well as a comparative study regarding the most important metaheuristic optimization algorithms. Thus, this paper presents a comparison between five optimization algorithms implemented into a cRIO field-programmable gate array (LabVIEW FPGA) NI-9030 of National Instruments T M (NI). The algorithms implemented were particle swarm optimization (PSO), bat algorithm (BA), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), earthquake algorithm (EA), and Nelder–Mead algorithm (NM). To analyze hardware device utilization and execution time by each algorithm, synthesis results were presented. In addition, a set of ten benchmark functions was selected to compare performance between algorithms. Results show the feasibility of this approach for NI FPGA hardware. From device utilization results, GWO presents the lowest placed usage (29%) while NM shows the fastest execution time (0.683 ms). Nevertheless, PSO, GWO and EA show better performance between benchmark functions due their exploration characteristics which make possible to find a better solution. [Display omitted] • Information about optimization implementation in hardware to run online is not enough • A hardware implementation of five optimization algorithms is described. • Five optimization algorithms were implemented into a cRIO LabVIEW FPGA. • Complete and comparative studies of those optimization algorithms are presented. • EA and GWO optimization algorithms are first time implemented into a FPGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]