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This paper reports an experiment that investigates interpretive distinctions between two different expressions of generalization in Spanish. In particular, our aim was to find out when the distinction between generic statements (GS) such as "Tigers have stripes" and universally quantified statements (UQS) such as "All tigers have stripes" was acquired in Spanish-speaking children of two different age groups (4/5-year-olds and 8/9-year-olds), and then compare these results with those of adults. The starting point of this research was the semantic distinction between GS and UQS in that the former admit exceptions, unlike the latter. On the other hand, several authors have observed a Generic overgeneralization effect (GOG) consisting in allowing for UQS to be felicitous in the face of exceptions, thus proposing that this "error" stems from GS being defaults (simpler, more easily learned and processed). In the current paper we aimed to test the "Generics as Default" (GaD) hypothesis by comparing GS and UQS in three different age ranges. Our data show that, overall, the accuracy of GS is greater than the accuracy of UQS. Moreover, we also confirm a hypothesized interaction between age and NP type (GS vs UQS). Further, we present several data points that are not predicted by the GaD, including an observed decline in the accuracy of GS in the older group of children as well as in adults, and that children fail at rejecting statements that are not considered to be true generalizations.

In this paper, I first provide a brief review of how scholars have conceptualized, tested, and elaborated aptitude frameworks relevant to second language (L2) speech learning. Subsequently, I introduce an emerging paradigm that assigns a fundamental role to domain-general auditory processing (i.e., having a good ear) in L1 speech acquisition and proposes that the same faculty acts as a cornerstone of L2 speech learning (i.e., the Auditory Precision Hypothesis-L2). This hypothesis predicts that learners with more precise auditory processing ability will be able to make the most of every input opportunity, which will result in more advanced L2 speech proficiency. To close, I will provide suggestions on how scholars can assess L2 students' auditory processing ability (e.g., our team's offline test deposited at L2 Speech Tools for Researchers & Teachers [http://sla-speech-tools.com/]) and discuss how the results can be used to maximize learners' L2 speech learning opportunities via optimal, profile-matched training programs (e.g., explicit vs. incidental training; naturalistic vs. classroom learning; phonetic vs. auditory training).

This study aims to identify the literacy skills of individuals whose highest level of education was in the field 'teacher training and educational sciences'. The study sample comprised 10,618 individuals in the field of teacher training and educational sciences, selected from 31 countries (participating in the International Adult Skills Assessment Programme during the 2014-2015 survey) using a multi-stage sampling method. The study employed multi-level latent class analysis and three-step analysis in order to determine both the number of multi-level latent classes of educators' literacy scores as well as the selected independent variables' success in predicting those latent classes. The analysis revealed that educators in Germany constituted the group with the highest literacy skills while educators from Singapore comprised the group with the lowest literacy skills. [This study was presented at the 9th International Congress of Educational Research. Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.]

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the experience of working with different conceptualisations of participation and participatory practice. This is done through an examination of the involvement of a technology company within a multinational, 3-years participatory research project involving 13 partners and over 200 disabled people. Design/methodology/approach: This paper provides a case study, narrative account of a range of activities undertaken within the project, presenting a rare and much-needed explicit insight into the emergence of participatory ways of working and the reasoning and tensions behind them. Findings: Through the case study gaze of one of the technology companies involved, it explicates the underpinning processes of the participatory approach and how these challenged the notions of various partners. Originality/value: This paper shows how engaging in meaningfully participatory research creates profound institutional challenges for technology developers. The subsequent need to make hard decisions and compromises throughout disrupts traditional ways of working and anticipated outcomes. However, it also reveals opportunities for delivering unanticipated and transformative outcomes, highlighting the need for greater flexibility in funding research that aims to be participatory.

Although leisure constraints that individuals have to cope with can negatively affect their social inclusion and satisfaction with life, little research has addressed the link between these variables. Therefore, the current paper examined the moderator role of leisure constraints on the relationship between satisfaction with life and leisure constraints among adults living in five different European countries. The respondents were 1,382 women and 877 men adults. The findings of analysis revealed that all factors used in the study accounted for 15% of the variance in satisfaction with life and social inclusion had a significant and positive impact on satisfaction with life. As a result, it can be said that leisure constraints had a moderating effect on the relationship between satisfaction with life and social inclusion. The present research study recommends that social inclusion should be encouraged through decreasing to leisure constraints to increase the life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article builds on APREN-DO research project, which explores how secondary school teachers learn, using an inclusive research approach and visual and narrative methods. To this end, twenty-eight secondary school teachers created and narrated their learning cartographies, showing what, how, where, with whom, and with what they learn. This paper challenges traditional conceptions of learning (mainly cognitive or individual) and introduces the notion of learning ecosystems where intra-action is at the core of learning. It considers the (dis)continuous, non-linear, fragmented and fractal dimensions of learning made up of intra-actions between living beings, culture, and matter. It provides results on the learning characteristics of teachers, and the peculiarities of their significant ecosystems (professional, familial, and educational). It evidences that teachers' learning takes place everywhere, in every space, at every moment of their lives, with different people and the surrounding resources. We also highlight suggestions for improving teachers' professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilingual education currently faces the challenge of improving teacher training to meet the linguistic and didactic demands of a content and language integrated approach. Our paper analyses what Spanish in-service primary school teachers consider the key training priorities for their involvement in bilingual programmes. Using content data analysis, we have detected the most frequently used terms in the teachers' answers to an open-ended question. 2,830 words were examined, and the net of relations among the training priorities emerging from their discourse was established. Our results confirm that teachers prioritise the need to be proficient in English over methodological issues, which prevail once language proficiency has been achieved. They highlight investment as being crucial both to implement school bilingual programmes and to provide training opportunities for their professional development. Our study concludes that only concerted personal and administrative efforts will bridge the gap between global educational agendas and classroom performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Futuro del Pasado: Revista Electrónica de Historia is the property of Futuro del Pasado: Revista Electronica de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos.info is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper uses the links between children born between 1800 and 1919 and their parents in 12 rural Aragonese villages to analyze the role of fathers in the survival, health, and lifespan of children. The researchers compared the effect of being fatherless (or being motherless) to having both parents alive. The results show that being fatherless increased the probability of death during childhood. Moreover, fatherlessness reduced the average age of death as an adult, a child's average height, the probability that a child is literate, the child's socioeconomic status, and the individual's age at marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Cannulation with a central venous catheter (CVC) is a common procedure used in critical care. One of the main complications is occlusion, which can lead to delayed treatment, prolonged hospital stay, and increased health care costs. Objective: The aim of this project was to promote evidence-based practice for nurses caring for patients with a CVC in a Spanish intensive care unit. The project also aimed to reduce CVC occlusion and ensure CVC patency. Methods: This project was guided by the JBI Model of Evidence-based Healthcare and the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework. Seven phases were followed using evidence-based auditing and feedback. The JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (PACES) and Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) tools were used to support data collection, data analysis, and implementation planning. Results: After project implementation, the following results were obtained. Criterion 1 (assessing the CVC, flushing, and aspirating) reached 100% compliance in both audits. Criterion 2 (occlusion documentation) showed a modest improvement, rising from 13.33% to 36.67%. Improvement for Criterion 3 (the need for a policy and protocol) was excellent, rising from 0% at baseline to 100% following implementation. Criterion 4 (rapid instillation of an appropriate thrombolytic agent if a CVC is occluded) remained at 0% compliance in both audits. Criterion 5 (continuing education for health care professionals) improved from 10% to 60%. Criterion 6 (flushing and locking before procedures) improved from 90% to 100%. Conclusion: The project objectives were largely met and resulted in a protocol, which has been shared with other departments within the hospital. The implementation of best clinical practice will be continued, including the use of thrombolytic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food neophobia has been defined as the reluctance to try new foods. Food neophobia is common in children and older people, but until now, scarce research has been carried out on food neophobia in the adult population. The aim of this study was to assess the most usual food neophobias in Spanish adults with overweight and obesity by sex, and their association with sociodemographic factors and the most prevalent chronic diseases. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on adults (mean age of 43.5 ± 13.7 years old; n = 590; 50% female) with overweight or obesity. Their anthropometrics, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, age, educational level, economic level, smoking and sleeping habits, physical activity, chronic diseases, and food neophobias were assessed. The highest food neophobias in Spanish adults with overweight or obesity were directed toward vegetables, meat, fish, pulses, game meat, and fruits, mostly among females, with differences between sexes. Phobias of the soft texture of foods were also observed, without differences between sexes. Age, educational level, sleeping habits, and physical activity were directly related, and economical level and smoking were inversely related to food neophobia, mainly to healthy foods, and more obvious in males than in females. There were associations between body mass index (BMI) and chronic diseases and food neophobia. Adherence to the adaption of healthy and sustainable diets is low within food neophobics, increasing the risk of diet-related chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyse trends in urinary tract infection (UTIs) hospitalisation among patients adults 18–65 aged in Spain from 2000–2015. Methods: Retrospective observational study using the Spanish Hospitalisation Minimum Data Set (CMBD), with codifications by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). Variables: Type of UTIs (pyelonephritis, prostatitis, cystitis and non-specific-UTIs), sex, age (in 5 categories: 18–49 and 50–64 years in men, and 18–44, 45–55 and 56–64 years in women), comorbidity, length of stay, costs and mortality associated with admission. The incidence of hospitalisation was studied according to sex, age group and type of UTIs per 100,000. Trends were identified using Joinpoint regression. Results: From 2000–2015, we found 259,804 hospitalisations for UTIs (51.6% pyelonephritis, 7.5% prostatitis, 0.6% cystitis and 40.3% non-specific UTIs). Pyelonephritis predominated in women and non-specific UTIs in men. The hospital stay and the average cost (2,160 EUR (IQR 1,7872,540 were greater in men. Overall mortality (0.4%) was greater in non-specific UTIs. More women were admitted (rates of 79.4 to 81.7) than in men (30.2 to 41). The greatest increase was found in men aged 50–64 years (from 59.3 to 87). In the Joinpoint analysis, the incidence of pyelonephritis increased in women [AAPC 2.5(CI 95% 1.6;3.4)], and non-specific UTIs decreased [AAPC −2.2(CI 95% −3.3;-1.2)]. Pyelonephritis decreased in men [AAPC −0.5 (CI 95% −1.5;0.5)] and non-specific UTIs increased [AAPC 2.3 (CI 95% 1.9;2.6)] and prostatitis increased [AAPC 2.6 (CI 95% 1.4;3.7)]. Conclusions: The urinary infection-related hospitalisation rate in adults in Spain increased during the period 2000–2015. Pyelonephritis predominated in women and non-specific UTIs in men. The highest hospitalisation rates occurred in the women but the greatest increase was found in men aged 65–74. The lenght of stay and cost were higher in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The objective of this study is to develop a clinical tool for the evaluation and follow-up of adolescent and adult patients with 5q spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and to design its validation. Methods: This prospective, non-interventional study will be carried out at five centres in Spain and will include patients aged 16 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of 5q SMA (biallelic mutation of the survival motor neuron 1 [SMN1] gene). A panel of experts made up of neurologists, physiatrists and Spanish patients' association (FundAME), participated in the design of the clinical tool. Physicians will administer the tool at three time points (baseline, 12 months and 24 months). Additionally, data from other questionnaires and scales will be collected. Once recruitment is achieved, an interim statistical analysis will be performed to assess its psychometric properties by applying Rasch analysis and classical statistical tests. Results: The tool will consist of up to 53 items to assess functional status from a clinical perspective in seven key dimensions (bulbar, respiratory, axial, lower, upper, fatigability and other symptoms), which will be collected together with objective clinical measures (body mass index, forced vital capacity, pinch strength and 6-minute walk test). Conclusions: The validation of this tool will facilitate the clinical evaluation of adult and adolescent patients with SMA and the quantification of their response to new treatments in both clinical practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Our aim was to determine changes in the prevalence of physical activity (PA) in adults with asthma between 2014 and 2020 in Spain, investigate sex differences and the effect of other variables on adherence to PA, and compare the prevalence of PA between individuals with and without asthma. (2) Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, population-based, matched, case–control study using European Health Interview Surveys for Spain (EHISS) for 2014 and 2020. (3) Results: We identified 1262 and 1103 patients with asthma in the 2014 and 2020 EHISS, respectively. The prevalence of PA remained stable (57.2% vs. 55.7%, respectively), while the percentage of persons who reported walking continuously for at least 2 days a week increased from 73.9% to 82.2% (p < 0.001). Male sex, younger age, better self-rated health, and lower body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with greater PA. From 2014 to 2020, the number of walking days ≥2 increased by 64% (OR1.64 95%CI 1.34–2.00). Asthma was associated with less PA (OR0.87 95%CI 0.47–0.72) and a lower number of walking days ≥2 (OR0.84 95%0.72–0.97). (4) Conclusions: Walking frequency improved over time among people with asthma. Differences in PA were detected by age, sex, self-rated health status, and BMI. Asthma was associated with less LTPA and a lower number of walking days ≥2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a digital divide between senior adults and the general population because of the disparity in access and usage of digital technologies, including the internet and modern devices, often stemming from factors like age, familiarity, and socioeconomic status. Yet, technology is increasingly penetrating the healthcare sector in areas such as screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. This study focuses on investigating how older adults perceive the introduction of new devices in the screening and diagnosis of cognitive impairment. For this, a perception study was carried out involving 25 senior adults, 16 women and 9 men, aged between 60 and 93 years, living in the Vigo area, Spain. First, the perception and acceptability of popular technological devices were evaluated by means of the technology acceptance model. Then, participants' perceptions about the use of smart speakers and tablets for cognitive evaluation were analyzed, both before and after interacting with such devices. Finally, the perception of their caregivers about these tools was also studied. These instruments were found to be useful and enjoyable by older adults. More specifically, smart speakers were preferred by participants over traditional tests for detecting cognitive decline. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the perception of utility, ease of use, or enjoyment between tablets and smart speakers. Participants' caregivers also reported an overall positive perception about the introduction of these new tools for cognitive assessment. In any case, the study provided evidence to support the introduction of both tablets and smart speakers to interact with older adults, and more specifically, as a means to facilitate the early detection and screening of cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Anaphylaxis is a rapid-onset, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction. This study explores the epidemiological trends and clinical outcomes of adult patients with and without asthma hospitalized for anaphylaxis in Spain from 2016 to 2021. (2) Methods: Data from the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database (RAE-CMBD) were analyzed. We stratified patients with anaphylaxis based on their asthma diagnosis and evaluated various comorbidities and clinical outcomes. Propensity score matching was used to match confounders. (3) Results: The total number of hospitalizations for anaphylaxis remained stable, with a decrease in 2020 probably due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Drug-induced anaphylaxis increased, in addition to being the main triggering factor. Asthma prevalence among those admitted for anaphylaxis emerged from 7.63% to 10.69%, with a higher frequency of respiratory failure and need for mechanical ventilation in this group; despite this, ICU admissions and in-hospital mortality did not differ significantly between asthmatics and non-asthmatics. Asthma was also not a risk factor for severe anaphylaxis. Multivariable analysis identified advanced age, ischemic heart disease, acute respiratory failure, and invasive mechanical ventilation as factors associated with severe anaphylaxis. (4) Conclusions: This study provides valuable information on the complexity of anaphylaxis, its relationship with asthma, and factors influencing its severity. Overall, clinical outcomes did not differ significantly in asthmatic patients compared to non-asthmatic patients, although asthmatic patients had more respiratory complications. Further research is necessary to delve deeper into the multifactorial nature of anaphylaxis and its implications in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newer higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have the potential to reduce the adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) burden. We describe the evolution and distribution of adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) serotypes in Spain, focusing on serotypes contained in the 20-valent PCV (PCV20). This was a prospective, observational study of chest X-ray (CXR)-confirmed CAP in immunocompetent adults hospitalized in one of four Spanish hospitals between November 2016 and November 2020. Pneumococci were isolated from cultures and detected in urine using BinaxNow® and Pfizer serotype-specific urinary antigen tests UAD1 and UAD2. We included 1948 adults hospitalized with CXR-CAP. The median age was 69.0 years (IQR: 24 years). At least one comorbidity was present in 84.8% (n = 1653) of patients. At admission, 76.1% of patients had complicated pneumonia. Pneumococcus was identified in 34.9% (n = 680) of study participants. The PCV20 vaccine-type CAP occurred in 23.9% (n = 465) of all patients, 68.4% (n = 465) of patients with pneumococcal CAP, and 82.2% (83/101) of patients who had pneumococcus identified by culture. Serotypes 8 (n = 153; 7.9% of all CAP) and 3 (n = 152; 7.8% of all CAP) were the most frequently identified. Pneumococcus is a common cause of hospitalized CAP among Spanish adults and serotypes contained in PCV20 caused the majority of pneumococcal CAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: There are currently no models for the transition of patients with metabolic bone diseases (MBDs) from paediatric to adult care. The aim of this project was to analyse information on the experience of physicians in the transition of these patients in Spain, and to draw up consensus recommendations with the specialists involved in their treatment and follow-up. Methods: The project was carried out by a group of experts in MBDs and included a systematic review of the literature for the identification of critical points in the transition process. This was used to develop a questionnaire with a total of 48 questions that would determine the degree of consensus on: (a) the rationale for a transition programme and the optimal time for the patient to start the transition process; (b) transition models and plans; (c) the information that should be specified in the transition plan; and (d) the documentation to be created and the training required. Recommendations and a practical algorithm were developed using the findings. The project was endorsed by eight scientific societies. Results: A total of 86 physicians from 53 Spanish hospitals participated. Consensus was reached on 45 of the 48 statements. There was no agreement that the age of 12 years was an appropriate and feasible point at which to initiate the transition in patients with MBD, nor that a gradual transition model could reasonably be implemented in their own hospital. According to the participants, the main barriers for successful transition in Spain today are lack of resources and lack of coordination between paediatric and adult units. Conclusions: The TEAM Project gives an overview of the transition of paediatric MBD patients to adult care in Spain and provides practical recommendations for its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at how death and funerals influence experiences of home amongst people ageing within transnational families. Drawing on ethnographic research with Ecuadorian and Peruvian migrants in Spain and England, and the elderly members of their families in their countries of origin, it argues that the fear of dying, the death of relatives, and the impossibility to attend their funerals profoundly shape the experience of home at both sides of the Atlantic. The narratives of those ageing in South America reveal that the fear of dying without seeing their adults children's return, or even visiting them, aggravates feelings of loneliness and affects their sense of home. The stories of those ageing in Europe reveal that the death of close kin and the impossibility of attending their funerals shape their attitudes towards home in both their 'host-lands' and 'home-lands'. Not being able to join funerary ceremonies, touch the hands of deceased relatives and say goodbye in preparation for the latter's final journey consistently disrupts their sense of home, if not forever, then for a significant part of their lives. By bringing death and funerals into the ageing-migration-home nexus this article complicates questions of home and return in later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disordered eating, unhealthy weight-control behaviours and body dissatisfaction are associated with diminished mental health. A key aspect that has been identified for the development of disordered eating behaviours and body dissatisfaction is to be teased. Additionally, the literature suggests that weight may affect the relationship between weight-teasing and disordered eating and body dissatisfaction, although this pattern is unclear. This study presents two cross-sectional studies with an adult and an adolescent sample. The adolescent sample comprised 15,224 participants, and the adult sample comprised 321 participants, all from Spain. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Aims: to assess the relations among disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, weight, and weight-teasing among adolescents and adults; and to examine whether weight-teasing, weight, age, and gender predict disordered eating and body dissatisfaction in adults and adolescents. The results showed that adolescent girls presented greater effects, and all interactions were significant between weight-teasing and eating disorders. Adults also showed greater effects for women, and only eating disorder interactions were significant. Weight-control behaviours did not show any relationship with weight-teasing. Conclusion: Different approaches may be used in the prevention of eating disorders. Our results show that weight-teasing affects adults differently from adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To establish groups of people with chronic non‐cancer pain according to the impairment caused by pain and to identify factors associated with the group with a higher level of impairment. Background: Knowing the profiles of people who suffer from chronic non‐cancer pain could make it possible to direct their treatment and to detect associated risks. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: A sample of 395 people with chronic non‐cancer pain was collected in Pain Units and Primary Healthcare Centres in southern Spain (January to March 2020). A cluster analysis was performed to divide the population into groups and a binary logistic regression model was established to determine factors associated with the group with a higher level of impairment. Results: Two groups were identified: lower level of impairment due to pain, characterized by being 45–65 years old, not medicated with opioids or anxiolytics, employed and with a mild level of impact on daily life; and higher level of impairment characterized by being older than 65 years old, medicated with opioids and anxiolytics, retired or on medical leave and with a severe impact on daily life. In addition, among women, being widowed, single or a smoker are risk factors for belonging to the group with a higher level of impairment; being smokers or consuming alcohol three or less times a week would be risk factors in men. Conclusions: Age, chronic non‐cancer pain impact on daily life, work situation and the consumption of opioid drugs and/or anxiolytics are factors that appear to influence the level of impairment due to chronic pain. Impact These findings could help detect impairment due to pain in its early stages, determining the specific needs of each person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the prevalence and characteristics of sexual victimization experiences suffered by people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The sample consisted of 260 adults with an ID diagnosis (154 men and 106 women), ranging in age from 20 to 71 years (M = 41.69, SD = 12.05). The results showed that 35% of the sample had been sexually victimized at some point in their life. Being a woman, being declared legally incapable, and having comorbid mental health diagnoses were the most relevant characteristics of sexual victims with ID. Fondling was the most reported victimization, and rape showed the greatest gender differences, with a higher risk for women with ID of being raped compared to their male counterparts (odds ratio = 4.28, p <.05). The offender was generally a known male adult, and the percentage of incidents reported to the authorities was very low (7.4%). The psychological consequences of abuse were general distress, anxiety, and depressive symptomatology. Intervention and prevention programs targeting this population, as well as the training of professionals and caregivers, are essential to deal with sexual victimization and to protect and ensure the quality of life of people with ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although aquatic‐based interventions are increasingly used in the psychiatric rehabilitation services, the effects of this type of community program as an adjuvant therapy for psychosocial problems of people with serious mental illness (SMI) have been under‐explored. This research evaluated the feasibility and outcomes of an occupational therapy program consisting of aquatic‐based activities (AA‐OT program) in the community in Spain. This study is the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) on this topic. This pilot trial was conducted with a sample of 16 adults with SMI who were randomly allocated to the AA‐OT program plus treatment as usual or treatment as usual alone (eight in each group). The AA‐OT program included activation of daily living skills, warm‐up, group activities/tasks, and relaxation. It consisted of two sessions per week over 12 weeks. Outcomes were evaluated at week 0 and 12. A total of 14 participants (87.5%) completed the trial. No adverse events or side‐effects were noted. Comparisons between the two groups on change scores showed that participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in several outcome measures: psychosocial problems (HoNOS), two health‐related quality of life scales (SF‐36: Physical Functioning and Mental Health), and performance of social activities (Activity and Social Relations scale). Satisfaction with the program was high. In conclusion, the results support the feasibility and potential benefits of this occupational therapy program. 12 weeks of aquatic‐based activities in a group intervention may enhance the outcomes of psychiatric rehabilitation improving the severity of psychosocial problems, patient‐reported health status, and social relations. This community‐based program may be beneficial as a non‐pharmacologic method in the illness management and recovery of people with SMI. The findings from this pilot trial need to be confirmed in a large, fully‐powered RCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides novel information about gregariousness and intraspecific aggression in Iberian bullfinches (Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae) in northwestern Spain. Small monospecific parties never exceeding 10 individuals were seen throughout the year, larger in winter on average. Males considerably outnumbered females within the groups. Adult flocks were frequent only in winter. In spring, many of the adult groups were mixed-sex assemblages composed of pairs plus supernumerary males. Sightings of juvenile groups, up to seven individuals, were common in summer–autumn. The vigilance role in mixed-sex assemblages, including pairs, appeared to be the responsibility of males based on sex-specific vigilance rates. The highest frequency of aggressive encounters, mainly male against male, occurred during the breeding season, associated with mate defence. Females attacked males, not the contrary, which supports reversed sexual dominance in bullfinches. Gregariousness probably acted as an anti-predatory and foraging strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how the three Spanish parties that formed a coalition government at the beginning of 2020 – (i) the Spanish Social Democratic Party, (ii) the United Left and (iii) Podemos – organise education for their members. With frame analysis as a theoretical itinerary, the study begins to outline what the parties' schools are about, how they are organised, and why parties provide education for their members. The analysis reveals that the weekend schools vary between ideological and policy-orientated content. These schools are similar in form, but differ in terms of the student-teacher relationships and whether they focus on theory or practice, implying different pedagogical methods. The motivation for party education is framed as fulfiling participatory functions or providing members with the right to education. Thereby, by identifying frames and uncovering different tendencies for how parties organise their party schools, the descriptive framing perspective allows for a broader discussion of how members are socialised into their parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dearth of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) is a global problem. Integrating CAMHS in primary care has been offered as a solution. We sampled integrated care perspectives from colleagues around the world. Our findings include various models of integrated care namely: the stepped care model in Australia; shared care in the United Kingdom (UK) and Spain; school-based collaborative care in Qatar, Singapore and the state of Texas in the US; collaborative care in Canada, Brazil, US, and Uruguay; coordinated care in the US; and, developing collaborative care models in low-resource settings, like Kenya and Micronesia. These findings provide insights into training initiatives necessary to build CAMHS workforce capacity using integrated care models, each with the ultimate goal of improving access to care. Despite variations and progress in implementing integrated care models internationally, common challenges exist: funding within complex healthcare systems, limited training mechanisms, and geopolitical/policy issues. Supportive healthcare policy, robust training initiatives, ongoing quality improvement and measurement of outcomes across programs would provide data-driven support for the expansion of integrated care and ensure its sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ornithology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The benefits of peer tutoring in mathematics have repeatedly been proven at different educational levels. Nevertheless, mathematics teachers' perceptions towards this methodology and whether they are adequately trained to implement the practice is information that remains uncertain. Surveys and questionnaires directed at teachers regarding peer tutoring are lacking. Determining teachers' knowledge and perceptions on this topic is important, as that knowledge and those perceptions affect their teaching practices and, therefore, student learning. This validation study was designed to evaluate questionnaire responses from mathematics teachers regarding their knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards peer tutoring so that implications for practice and policy could be determined. A four-factor structure questionnaire was developed. Strong correlations were reported between knowledge and attitudes. Females, less experienced and public school teachers showed greater values. A conclusion is that female teachers are more sensitive than male teachers regarding students' inclusion and active learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background No effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exist. We aimed to determine whether early treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) would be efficacious for outpatients with COVID-19. Methods Multicenter open-label, randomized, controlled trial conducted in Catalonia, Spain, between 17 March and 26 May 2020. Patients recently diagnosed with <5-day of symptom onset were assigned to receive HCQ (800 mg on day 1 followed by 400 mg once daily for 6 days) or usual care. Outcomes were reduction of viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs up to 7 days after treatment start, disease progression up to 28 days, and time to complete resolution of symptoms. Adverse events were assessed up to 28 days. Results A total of 293 patients were eligible for intention-to-treat analysis: 157 in the control arm and 136 in the intervention arm. The mean age was 41.6 years (SD, 12.6), mean viral load at baseline was 7.90 log10 copies/mL (SD, 1.82), and median time from symptom onset to randomization was 3 days. No differences were found in the mean reduction of viral load at day 3 (−1.41 vs −1.41 log10 copies/mL in the control and intervention arm, respectively) or at day 7 (−3.37 vs −3.44). Treatment did not reduce risk of hospitalization (7.1% control vs 5.9% intervention) nor shorten the time to complete resolution of symptoms (12 days, control vs 10 days, intervention). No relevant adverse events were reported. Conclusions In patients with mild COVID-19, no benefit was observed with HCQ beyond the usual care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IVA or Morquio A syndrome is a progressive and disabling disease characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Its clinical presentation is very heterogeneous and poorly understood in adults. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations of MPS IVA in adult patients in Spain and to assess their health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Results: Thirty-three patients from nine reference centres participated in the study. The median age was 32 (interquartile range [IQR]: 20.5-40.5) years. The phenotype was classical in 54.5% of patients, intermediate in 33.3% of patients, and non-classical in 12.1% of patients. The most common clinical manifestation was bone dysplasia, with a median height of 118 (IQR: 106-136) cm. Other frequent clinical manifestations were hearing loss (75.7%), ligamentous laxity (72.7%), odontoid dysplasia (69.7%), limb deformities that required orthopaedic aids (mainly hip dysplasia and genu valgus) (63.6%), and corneal clouding (60.6%). In addition, 36.0% of patients had obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome and 33.3% needed non-invasive ventilation. Cervical surgery and varisation osteotomy were the most common surgical interventions (36.4% each). Almost 80% of patients had mobility problems and 36.4% used a wheelchair at all times. Furthermore, 87.9% needed help with self-care, 33.3% were fully dependent, and 78.8% had some degree of pain. HRQoL according to the health assessment questionnaire was 1.43 (IQR: 1.03-2.00) in patients with the non-classical phenotype, but 2.5 (IQR: 1.68-3.00) in those with the classical phenotype. Seven patients were initiated on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), but two of them were lost to follow-up. Lung function improved in four patients and slightly worsened in one patient. The distance achieved in the six-minute walk test increased in the four patients who could perform it. HRQoL was better in patients treated with elosulfase alfa, with a median (IQR) of 1.75 (1.25-2.34) versus 2.25 (1.62-3.00) in patients not treated with ERT.Conclusions: The study provides real-world data on patients with MPS IVA. Limited mobility, difficulties with self-care, dependence, and pain were common, together with poor HRQoL. The severity and heterogeneity of clinical manifestations require the combined efforts of multidisciplinary teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the results of an intervention conducted with adult EFL learners in Barcelona, Spain, to foster engagement with the target language outside class time. As part of the programme, the messaging service WhatsApp was used to carry out a range of voluntary communicative tasks, in learners' own time. Familiarity with this tool made it easy to use, and learner feedback was positive. Analysis of the resulting chat transcript indicated that (1) off-task participation increased as learners appropriated the space as a vehicle for their own communication, (2) off-task interactions fell predominantly into two categories: administrative and social, and (3) despite being voluntary and unevaluated, with minimum teacher intervention, English was overwhelmingly the language of choice within these interactions. We hope this study can serve as an example of the possibilities offered by the WhatsApp medium in an EFL context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 vaccines have shown high efficacy, with most side effects being mild–moderate and more frequently reported by females and people at younger ages. Since no studies have assessed the impact that weight status could have on the reported adverse reactions, we aim to study the association between weight status and reported side effects. We included data on 2136 adults from an online survey conducted from 6 May to 9 June 2021. The questionnaire was filled in by participants over Google forms. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used. A higher risk of presenting fever ≥38°, vomiting, diarrhea and chills was found in those with a non-overweight status compared to those overweight after adjusting for age, sex, education, medication to prevent/relieve post-vaccination effects and vaccine administered. When adjusting, most of the significant effects, in the association between side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine and weight status, did not remain significant. In conclusion, a non-overweight status was associated with a higher risk of presenting fever ≥38°, vomiting, diarrhea and chills compared to those overweight. Nevertheless, most of the reported side effects to COVID-19 vaccine were not associated with a higher risk of presenting more adverse effects, and individual differences were determined by sex and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied changes in serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in adult pneumococcal pneumonia in Spain (2011–2019). Among 895 pneumococci collected (433 bacteremic [BPP] and 462 non-bacteremic [non-BPP]), serotypes 3 (17%), 19A (10%), 8 (6.7%) and 11A (6.7%) were the most frequent. Serotypes 16F, 19A and 24F were associated with old people (≥65) and serotypes 4, 7F, 8, 12F and 19F to young adults. Serotypes 12F, 24F and 1 were significantly more frequent in BPP and serotypes 11A, 23A and 19F in non-BPP. Amoxicillin resistance was higher in non-BPP (17% vs. 11%) while penicillin non-susceptibility (37% vs. 24%) and macrolide resistance (29% vs. 14%) were higher in older adults. In the period 2017–2019, the vaccine coverages were: 32% (PCV13), 39% (PCV15), 65% (PCV20) and 69% (PPV23). Differences were found in serotype composition and antimicrobial resistance by age and type of infection. The maintenance of serotype 3 as a leading cause of adult pneumococcal pneumonia and the increase in highly invasive (serotype 8) or antimicrobial-resistant (serotype 11A) serotypes is worrisome. Further studies will be required to analyse the impact of the upcoming broader conjugate vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]