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The library profession is in a period of change. Moving from conventional library practices and services to the modern technology and tools based sources and services, created changes in the roles they play. To provide more and more innovative services and to cope with the changing scenario of the library and its services has forced library professionals to equip themselves with better skills for their survival. This paper discussed three requisite skills, for librarian to function in the 21st century, in marketing of library services and resources for optimal utilization. And these are categorized as Professional, Technical, & Personal skills. The paper discusses marketing library services and resources as a concept, benefits of marketing, such as boosting the level of Library's patronage by users, promotion of resources; user awareness, improving the library's reputation were mentioned. Strategies for marketing which include making a library website, emailing users, setting up exhibits and displays of new arrivals, using flyers and posters, planning user education, offering electronic access to information, and planning library week were also explained. Challenges in marketing library services and resources in academic libraries in Nigeria include; lack of fund, Ineffective marketing strategies, lack of marketing policies, shortage of experienced staffing, and infrastructure limitations. Starting with an introduction to library marketing and related literature, the paper draws its conclusion and recommendations were made such as professional development for librarians involved in library marketing, librarians upgrading their technical skills, librarians should enhance their ability to trouble shoot new technology, keep abreast with new technology among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

21st century era has strong competition in the world industry. Competition can be overcome by having self-ability. Soft skills are the main key in the world of industry that can be developed from an early age in school. Soft skills will help someone in pursuing a career in the future. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the knowledge of employee soft skills needed in the 21st century era to achieve personal branding. The data were taken through a literature review using several journals. By applying a strictly reproducible process, the method used was library research with analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles on soft skills needed in 21st century. This paper utilized scientific journals that focused on soft skills employee in 21st century keyword and personal branding for career keyword. The finding showed the core of employee skills were communication skill, critical thinking skill, and problem-solving skill. These core soft skills would lead to another soft skill, like creativity skill, negotiation, and decisionmaking skill. They could be formed and practiced by schools' learning through group discussion, debate, writing report, and presentation. Thus, through the implementation of core soft skills, personal branding would follow automatically as selfcharacteristic. This research made a significant contribution by providing an updated and convincing summary that could be built and applied in individuals. Thus, it has potential for future research or practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recial is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Centro de Investigaciones, Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria is the property of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Data & Metadata is the property of Fundacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The maritime sector plays a crucial role in global trade and economics. The competitive and rapidly growing sector requires a highly trained workforce with specific skills, especially for the twenty-first-century revolutions. Since, industry 4.0 entails the modernisation of work, which is likely to impact individuals' required skills, especially for seafarers in the foreseeable future. Furthermore, discussions on future maritime operations competencies frequently emphasize technology as a prerequisite for seafarers' ability to adapt to change. The paper seeks to explore seafarers' required skills, especially for the twenty-first century, using the modified Delphi method and Best Worst Method (BWM), which is a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique. Ten skills have been identified from the derived outcomes, divided into two segments: hard skills and soft skills. Technical and theoretical knowledge has been identified as the most influential hard skill, and communication skill as the most critical soft skill. The study will benefit seafarers and organisations related to training and hiring seafarers for making their decisions on the training and hiring process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Security Strategies Journal / Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi is the property of Strategic Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This Paper seeks to review the articles published in the Journal of Intellectual Property Rights (JIPR) in the first half of the first decade of the twenty-first century from Volume 5 (1) (2000) to Volume 9 (6) (2004). During this period, a total of seven post-independent IP legislations were enacted in the country. This Paper reviews the articles published in JIPR yearwise. Paper attempts to identify: (i) total number of issues published; (ii) total number of articles published; (iii) total number of contributions made by the Indian and foreign scholars; (iv) total number of sole and joint publications; (v) publishing style of JIPR; and (vi) area of IP covered in each volume. Dissemination of information is a necessary condition for creation of new knowledge. JIPR through an open-access platform has provided an opportunity to the IP scholars to publish their writings addressing the gaps in the areas of IP. In the end, Paper develops an argument that JIPR has significantly contributed in the development of IP by disseminating IP information and knowledge and also in creating IP knowledge and awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Highlighted even in the Bible within the famous episode of liberation of Israelites from Pharaoh's slavery under the leadership of prophet Moses, intelligence as an action of collecting information about enemy for the purpose of creating an advantage for own side or as a way of fortifying own security has constituted a realm of ideas from immemorial time. Many scholars illustrated different examples and gave different reasons for researching the paradigm of intelligence yet the aspect less emphasized was the importance of connecting and discussing intelligence in relation with the effectiveness of diplomatic and military undertakings correlated to specific strategic cultural and geopolitical contexts. This paper discusses the importance of reshaping intelligence in accordance with the 21st century security challenges and indicates that intelligence should suffer profound transformations for the purpose of backing the settings of nations' foreign policies according to their desired geo-strategic status. Overall, intelligence might be nowadays the silver bullet reaching the minds of soldiers, society and policymakers for a secured world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the methodology used for the data collection and calculation of erosion rates and presents the recent results for the period 2001-2019 for all the beaches of the Andalusian shoreline. This period is divided into two subperiods (2001-2011 and 2001-2019) to detect possible trend changes during the study years. The proxy corresponding to the internal limit of the backshore has been used, which is very useful for medium to long-term coastal erosion rates. The results show the rates calculated for this proxy, which reveal a high presence of artificially stabilised sectors where the inward migration of the shoreline associated with it is hindered, together with an intensification of the retreat rates in natural sections. Similarly, there is a clear differentiation between a relatively dynamic Atlantic façade with a higher percentage of erosive sectors and a Mediterranean façade highly conditioned by anthropic presence, with a lower percentage but a higher intensity in their values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper includes a Systematic Literature Review of the tools for detecting and/or measuring Ethical Leadership in the business world published between 2000 and 2020. The review attempts to explore, analyze and synthesize the most recent evidence from the field with the aim to summarize and integrate knowledge regarding Ethical Leadership. Our goal is to build a documentation framework for further research and future design of a more concise and accurate tool covering all possible aspects of Ethical Leadership. We choose the Systematic Literature Review method because it is structured and minimizes subjectivity when selecting and analyzing data. Our work addresses researchers/scholars, postgraduate students, PhD candidates, and private and public sector officials who need scientific evidence to support decision-making and/or policy designing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 21st century has offered unlimited opportunities to library and information science (LIS) professionals to explore their potentials and engage in productive ventures through the use of Internet and digital technologies. The objectives of this paper was to explore inforpreneurship opportunities that library and information science professionals could venture in the information industry as well as unravel the challenges that might be encountered especially in today's world of 21st century. The opportunities discussed include: information brokerage, information systems consultancy, blogging and advertisement, web development/programming, database designing/distribution as well as internet café/business centre. The study stressed that these opportunities could enable tech-savvy LIS professionals to engage in one or more of these ventures without necessarily waiting for white collar jobs from the government. They could also offer job opportunities to themselves and to others, become self-reliant, as well as prestige associated with the jobs which could ultimately contribute in boosting the economy of the country, reduce unemployment and empower people. Challenges bedevilling LIS professionals from engaging in inforpreneurship as highlighted by this study include: lack of inforpreneurial spirit and fear of competition, lack of requisite skills/expertise, lack of adequate funds/capital, lack of adequate electricity and bandwidth and poor patronage from fellow citizens. Finally, the study recommended encouraging LIS professionals to develop inforpreneurship spirit during their course of study, reviewing curriculums that could inculcate inforpreneurship ideas in students, granting soft loans to graduates who are endowed with inforpreneurship ideas, improving power supply as well as encouraging fellow citizens towards patronising information products and services produced locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myths are basically the folklores that beautifully narrate the culture, life, and customs followed by ancient people which are perceived in deities that are worshipped. India is well regarded for its diverse and rich culture across the world. Myth in Indian context reflects cultural and religious tales which one generation passed on to another and, as a result, there are several variants of Indian mythology. The contemporary Indian English novelist, Amish Tripathi recreated Indian mythology by mixing it with social fantasies and scientific facts. He adopted mythical characters related to Lord Shiva and other deities in his novels to depict an ideal society. Hence, this paper is aimed to analyse the recreation of myth in Indian context through Amish Tripathi’s Shiva Trilogy. It is the best-selling mythological fiction written by Amish Tripathi. This paper also argues that his treatment of mythology in his novels is more of a frame of modern issues of 21st century rather than just a historical retelling. This paper also concludes that Tripathi has turned mythology of India into a relevant scripture of 21st century by forming mythical stories after the significant events of 21st century in India and especially in South Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a field study of transhumant pastoralism which was carried out in June and July 2022 on the Zelengora, Volujak and Lebršnik mountains, on the Morine plateau, i.e. in the areas of the municipalities of Ljubinje, Nevesinje, Kalinovik and Gacko (Republic of Srpska-Bosnia and Herzegovina). The goal of the research was to determine the present state and development trends of transhumant pastoralism in the areas of eastern Herzegovina at the beginning of the 21st century. The paper gives an overview of the previous (ethnological) studies of transhumant pastoralism, and then presents the methodological procedures used in this research. The ethnographic section summarizes interviews with interviewees and field guides. The observed problems, both those that were talked about by the interviewees and those that were independently observed, were jointly expressed in the separate section as development trends that describe and at the same time shape the current state of transhumant pastoralism in the studied area. The problems in question are: the transformation of pastoralism into an individual economic strategy, and in some cases a form of personal leisure; changes in the directions and manner of livestock routes; the persistence of the basic production technology, along with the modernization of its individual elements; the weakening and dissolution of elements of the traditional cultural idiom; legal changes in property rights and the method of making compensations for rights of use; multiple consequences of war; increasingly pronounced neoliberal economic relations and withdrawal of the state; strengthening of personal motivation to engage in pastoralism; growing interest in zoological, ecological and climate topics. In almost all of the aforementioned trends, it is possible to recognize adaptation to the risks that come with changes in the environment, both natural and social. These are changes in the economy, demography, social relations, climate and ecology. The interviewees found ways to more or less successfully manage the mentioned risks.

Copyright of Álabe is the property of Alabe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigaciones Feministas is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bordes, Revista de Estudios Culturales is the property of Universidad de Los Andes, Fundacion Cultural Bordes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Data Literacy is a germane competence for anyone or institution desirous to scale the challenges of the 21st century and be globally recognized. Data literacy is the ability of individual to identify, work with, analyze and communicate data effectively. It is perceived that there is a poor data literacy competence in higher institutions in developing countries. Researchers in the 21st century, for example, ought to possess skills and competencies to communicate through affiliated institutional email addresses; be active on platforms such as Google scholar and research gate; and, possibly own personal websites to drive teaching and learning. This paper, through qualitative analysis of existing literature, attempts to examine the interplay between data literacy and higher education in the 21st century. Data Literacy is relevant not only to individuals but also to higher education. The phenomenon data literacy is relevant to institutions of higher learning because institutions of higher learning are acknowledged centers of human resources training for national and sustainable development. The paper will be of significance to governments, policy makers, and administrators of higher institution in particular. Furthermore, the paper will be of benefit to scholars as data literacy continues to shape frontiers of teaching and learning across the globe in the 21st century.

Clinical relevance: The scientific foundations for clinical contact lens practice are rooted in the ophthalmic literature. This analysis of contact lens papers celebrates contemporary research achievements in the contact lens field.Background: This work aims to assemble contact lens-related publication metrics so as to identify the most impactful papers published so far this century, as well the top countries, authors, institutions and journals.Methods: A search was undertaken of the titles of papers on the Scopus database to identify contact lens-related articles published this century. The ten most highly cited papers were determined from the total list of 4,164 papers found. Rank-order lists by count were assembled for the 'top 25' in each of four categories: authors, institutions, countries and journals. A 20-year subject-specific contact lens h-index (hCL-20-index) was derived for each author, institution, country and journal to serve as a measure of impact in the field. The top 10 constituents (of the top 25) of each category were ranked by hCL-20-index and tabulated for consideration.Results: The most highly cited paper this century is entitled 'Soft contact lens polymers: An evolution', by Nicholson and Vogt. Lyndon Jones is the most impactful author, with a hCL-20-index of 32. The University of New South Wales (Australia) produces the most impactful contact lens-related papers, and the United States is the most highly-ranked country. Optometry and Vision Science is the most impactful journal in the contact lens field.Conclusions: Contact lens materials and lens-associated keratitis are topics of high interest in the contemporary contact lens literature, with an emerging interest in orthokeratology for myopia control and glucose monitoring. Impactful 21st century authors, institutions, countries and journals are identified. Optometry is revealed as the leading profession in relation to the publication of impactful contact lens-related papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper “#EndSARS Protest: A Discourse on Impact of Digital Media on 21st Century Activism” examines the role of digital media in a new generation of activism with a critical assessment of the protest in Nigeria. Specifically, the paper expands on the meaning of social media activism, finds out ways digital media was deployed in mobilisation and management of the protest and also delves into how social media pose as challenge to activism within the context of series of anti-police brutality protests that took place in Nigeria. Specifically, the study looked at how, despite the failure of mainstream media in the country to give the movement prominence, technology (through social media) helped to encourage transnational activism and global solidarity with respect to #EndSARS. The paper relied on existing literature through the use of library research technique. It utilised the technological determinism theory – that served as its theoretical base or foundation. The paper found, among others, that digital media especially social media played significant roles in mobilisation and management of the protest. It also revealed that due to the power that digital platforms wield, authority may be tempted to introduce some form of regulations that may hinder their use. The paper concludes that, indeed, digital media have tremendous impact on 21st century activism in Nigeria. Therefore, the paper, among others, recommends that government must now realise the powers of communication and technology and therefore embark on constant communication with the people while also addressing pre-existing social ills in the country.

Purpose: Building 21st century character skills is not easy. Industrial revolution 5.0. brought major changes to the industrial world, which then influenced the way of life, way of thinking, way of working, and so on. The goal is to cultivate knowledge, attitudes and sensitivity in the practice of life values needed to build superior national character skills in the 21st century. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative methods are grounded approach types, namely observation, literature study, and interviews: namely interviews with various stakeholders such as professors, lecturers, teachers, education experts, business people, experts, students, from July 8-11 2022, attended by 112 resource persons consisting of lecturers and students, and attended by 53 universities. Findings: The results of his research through four elements, namely; First, the character habituation of Pancasila values, religious values, and cultural values; Second, habituation of understanding the latest technology; Third, habituation of developing interpersonal skills; Fourth, Habituation of active participation. This is currently typical of Indonesia, superior character skills based on the 21st century revolution 5.0 as the vision and mission of Citizenship Education for the Republic of Indonesia in the future. Paper type: Research paper

The demand for nanomanufacturing is driven by the current trend of decreasing product sizes and the energy consumed by large modules, which will be surpassed by the creation of nanoscale products with the same qualities and functionalities as large-scale products that consume little energy and have demonstrated functional results. Putting things together atom by atom is now possible because to new kinds of microscopes and innovative techniques for manipulating tiny amounts of materials. New solvents are actively sought for by green technology to replace common organic solvents, which have a high volatility and inherent toxicity that causes volatile organic chemicals to evaporate into the atmosphere. The number of reported publications has increased meaningfully over the preceding 20 years as a result of the scientific community's intense interest in ionic liquids. In this research nanomanufacturing is considered as a viable alternative in the 21st century, the uses of nanotechnology or nanomanufacturing in the twenty-first century were reviewed. This study explores various applications of nanomanufacturing, encompassing robotics, ultrasound, agriculture, and medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is an essay about possible ways of further development of the insolvency law. If the law is expected to meet global current social needs, then the law will be subject to significant changes, along with the changing world. The digital revolution is also ahead of the insolvency law. It is difficult to anticipate all possible directions of changes; however, there are some areas where remarkable amendments will have to take place. The paper starts with a short description of the development of the insolvency law over ages. It is an introduction to the problem of possible changes in axiological assumptions of the law on insolvency in the 21st Century. The insolvency law is going to be changed due to the technological revolution in the 21st Century. In this respect, there are mentioned the idea of prediction of insolvency and the problem of the debtor’s assets in the virtual world. Finally, the paper deals with the state debt restructuring under the conventions on external state debt.

Este trabajo se centra en la obra de Romina Paula, en el modo en el que en su producción literaria, teatral y cinematográfica se compone una experiencia temporal a la vez intempestiva e íntima que difiere de la lógica 24/7 de hoy. Mi hipótesis, motivada por el doble interés de explorar, por un lado, cómo se cuenta el presente en la narrativa argentina contemporánea y, por otro, qué salidas ficcionales se proponen para sortear los imperativos aceleracioncitas, sostiene que la obra de Paula, concebida como un verdadero espacio de experimentación con el tiempo, ensaya una alternativa —una solución práctica y terapéutica—, haciendo que sus personajes huyan de su casa. Antes que celebrar que el mundo se haya vuelto menos parsimonioso y más cortoplacista, las adultas de Paula, necesitadas de una pausa, escapan de sus domicilios fijos en busca de algo de tiempo propio. This paper focuses on Romina Paula’s work, on how, within her literary, theatrical and cinematographic production, a temporal experience that is both untimely and intimate and that differs from the 24/7 logic is composed. My hypothesis, motivated by the double interest of exploring, on the one hand, how the present is being narrated in contem-porary Argentine narrative and, on the other, what fictional outlets are being proposed to circumvent the accelerationist imperatives, argues that Paula’s work, conceived as a true space of experimentation with time, rehearses an alternative -a practical and therapeutic solution- by making her characters run away from home. Rather than celebrating that the world has become less slow and enduring, Paula’s women, in need of a break, escape from their fixed abodes in search of some time of their own.

No Poverty is the top priority among 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The research perspectives, methods, and subject integration of studies on poverty reduction have been greatly developed with the advance of practice in the 21st century. This paper analyses 2,459 papers on poverty reduction since 2000 using VOSviewer software and R language. Our conclusions show that (1) the 21st century has seen a sharp increase in publications of poverty reduction, especially the period from 2015 to date. (2) The divergence in research quantity and quality between China and Kenya is great. (3) Economic studies focus on inequality and growth, while environmental studies focus on protection and management mechanisms. (4) International cooperation is usually related to geographical location and conducted by developed countries with developing countries together. (5) Research on poverty reduction in different regions has specific sub-themes. Our findings provide an overview of the state of the research and suggest that there is a need to strengthen the integration of disciplines and pay attention to the contribution of marginal disciplines to poverty reduction research in the future.

This paper describes the methodology used for the data collection and calculation of erosion rates and presents the recent results for the period 2001-2019 for all the beaches of the Andalusian shoreline. This period is divided into two subperiods (2001-2011 and 2001-2019) to detect possible trend changes during the study years. The proxy corresponding to the internal limit of the backshore has been used, which is very useful for medium to long-term coastal erosion rates. The results show the rates calculated for this proxy, which reveal a high presence of artificially stabilised sectors where the inward migration of the shoreline associated with it is hindered, together with an intensification of the retreat rates in natural sections. Similarly, there is a clear differentiation between a relatively dynamic Atlantic façade with a higher percentage of erosive sectors and a Mediterranean façade highly conditioned by anthropic presence, with a lower percentage but a higher intensity in their values.

Industrial Design education is poorly understood by laypeople but is present in Australian curricula from primary through to tertiary education levels. Designers and design researchers have long recognised the value of the broad-ranging skills, knowledge fields, and personal qualities design education imparts, but this understanding is generally not shared by the wider community who may see design as surface decoration. This research identifies indicators of value and relevance taken from the twenty-first century competences literature, then measures their presence in four different Industrial Design education settings. Two studies were undertaken. First, Industrial Design educators from primary, secondary, and tertiary levels were surveyed. Then diverse Industrial Design education stakeholders from education and non-education settings were interviewed. The studies gathered both quantitative and qualitative data on the value and relevance of current Industrial Design education in Australia. The result is a comprehensive analysis of the twenty-first century competences present in Australian Industrial Design education, which concludes with recommendations for ways Industrial Design education can benefit twenty-first century learners, as well as ways it should evolve to remain relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 21st century has brought rapid social, technological, and economic changes that have reshaped the educational landscape worldwide. Within this context, South African school learners face a multifaceted psychological challenge that significantly impacts their well-being and educational outcomes. These challenges are shaped by the unique sociocultural context of South African societies marked by historical inequalities, cultural diversity, and socioeconomic disparities. Thus, this study aimed to explore the understanding of the psychological challenges facing South African learners in the 21st century through the visual explanatory research design. To develop effective interventions and support systems, the study employed a qualitative research approach from the interpretive paradigm perspective to explain the researched issue textually and visually through its participants' perspectives. The research context and the participants were purposefully and conveniently selected from two secondary schools in the Kwa-Zulu Natal province of South Africa. Besides, the study utilised the focus group discussion and drawing as a visual explanatory approach to generate data. Further, thematic data analysis was used to assign codes and themes. The findings indicate that South African learners are negatively impacted by the psychological challenges that come with the advancement of technology in the 21st century. This study suggests that both parents and the teachers must understand that technology brought both pros and cons to young generations; thus, guidance and restrictions should be employed in the use of technological devices for the benefit and well-being of these learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to examine the method in which young adults determine their leisure preferences, taking into consideration variables such as income level, gender ender, and availability of free time, and to investigate the potential associations between these characteristics and their ability in 21st-century skills. In this study, correlational research methodology was used to examine the impact of income levels, daily leisure time, 21st-century skill levels, and gender on the recreational activity preferences of university students. A total of 366 students from Necmettin Erbakan University were selected as a representative sample through face-to-face questionnaires, aiming to capture the characteristics of the full population. The data collection instruments comprised of a participant form and the "Multidimensional 21st Century Skills Scale." Recreational activities were classified into various categories. The research employed a multiple logistic regression analysis to forecast individuals' preferences for recreational activities, while considering factors such as income levels, daily leisure time, 21st-century skills, and gender. The results of the research showed that the significant impact of gender on individuals' preferences concerning sports, touristic, leisure, cultural, and artistic activities. In conclusion, this study highlights the factors that affect the recreational activity choices of university students, emphasizing the importance of 21st-century skills and other demographic variables in understanding these choices. This knowledge has the potential to provide insights into the development of initiatives aimed at encouraging a wide range of engaging recreational activities among young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlighted even in the Bible within the famous episode of liberation of Israelites from Pharaoh’s slavery under the leadership of prophet Moses, intelligence as an action of collecting information about enemy for the purpose of creating an advantage for own side or as a way of fortifying own security has constituted a realm of ideas from immemorial time. Many scholars illustrated different examples and gave different reasons for researching the paradigm of intelligence yet the aspect less emphasized was the importance of connecting and discussing intelligence in relation with the effectiveness of diplomatic and military undertakings correlated to specific strategic cultural and geopolitical contexts. This paper discusses the importance of reshaping intelligence in accordance with the 21st century security challenges and indicates that intelligence should suffer profound transformations for the purpose of backing the settings of nations’ foreign policies according to their desired geo-strategic status. Overall, intelligence might be nowadays the silver bullet reaching the minds of soldiers, society and policymakers for a secured world.

The 21st century learning paradigm has undergone a significant shift, demanding active participation from both educators and students in technology-based learning processes. This holds for the study of Islamic Religious Education (IRE), a mandatory component of the higher education curriculum. This literature research aims to highlight the urgency of leveraging e-learning in higher education for the study of IRE as a response to the challenges of the 21st century. The methodology employed in this study is literature research, examining 31 articles published in the last 5 years related to e-learning, IRE studies, and the learning paradigms of the 21st century. The research findings indicate the importance of e-learning in the study of IRE, providing students with learning experiences through digitalization and technology. Several learning management systems (LMS) are reviewed in this paper, such as Zoom Cloud Meeting, Google Classroom, Moodle, and Schoology. Through the features offered by these platforms, educators can innovate in managing digital-based learning, facilitating students' access to IRE learning materials, encouraging discipline in assignment submission, and enabling independent learning without constraints of space and time.

The study aimed to develop, validate and determine the level of acceptability of a content-based strategic teaching guide in Trends, Networks and Critical thinking in the 21st Century in developing the competencies for the subject Oral Communication in Context. It utilized a quantitative method of gathering data based on a descriptive-developmental research design. Based on the findings, the competencies in Oral Communication in Context were successfully attained by the developed teaching guide. Critical thinking and problem solving gained the highest overall mean which is verbally interpreted as Proficient; written communication skills came second which is interpreted as Accomplished; and the third in rank is oral communication skills which is interpreted as Effective. The level of acceptability of the material was measured based on content, format, organization and presentation and accuracy and up-to-datedness of information. Results revealed that the material is highly acceptable based on the evaluation of HUMSS teachers, users and curriculum writers. Despite the high ratings, a few points for improvement were given by the curriculum writers which all focused generally on the design and physical features of the developed material. In conclusion, the developed material can be an efficient tool to teach the target subject area, but minor improvements shall be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Educational Sciences is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Definition: In the 21st century, prior to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous transformations were already underway in the field of employment. However, this unprecedented global health crisis has had a profound influence on employment worldwide, yielding both positive and negative outcomes across various labor aspects. Consequently, while certain effects are anticipated to be temporary, others are likely to instigate enduring changes in employment practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital game-based learning (DGBL) can be regarded as a promising teaching pedagogy to prepare students for challenges of the 21st century. However, the incorporation of digital games into K-12 curricula remains limited. Research suggests that a comprehensive understanding of barriers and motivational factors that teachers face when implementing DGBL is needed to ensure that teachers can receive the support required. To delineate suggestions for tailored curricula on game-based pedagogy in teacher education programs, we conducted a study to gain insight into in-service teachers' perception of DGBL in relation to their previous experience in teaching with DGBL. To achieve our goal, we examined the factors that impede and promote the implementation of DGBL among in-service teachers who are presently pursuing master's level education programs, having in mind that this group of teachers is different from pre-service teachers. Data was collected using an online survey with open- and closed-ended questions. The sample consisted of in-service teachers (n=37) who were enrolled in a master's course in math education. The data analysis conducted was of a qualitative nature. One significant finding derived from this study is that the level of pedagogical experience in utilizing games as a teaching tool appears to be a crucial factor in understanding the inclination of in-service teachers towards game-based pedagogy. Pedagogical factors were mentioned by teachers at all stages of experience with DGBL, and differences were observed between teachers at different stages. For instance, in-service teachers with experience with DGBL (intermediate and advanced stages) were concerned about being able to maintain focus on the math concepts, the need to adapt the game lesson to students, and the ways to evaluate student learning less experienced teachers were essentially concerned about ways to control the classroom during DGBL and whether the pupils would receive adequate practice in this learning mode. Differences were also noted for other factors between teachers at different stages. Advanced stage teachers did have concerns about game appropriateness for the intended learning; teachers with less experience were concerned about the lack of games (technical factors). Dealing with an existing curriculum and high workload were common aspects for teachers with no or some experience but only teachers with some experience mentioned obstacles related to school organization (structural factors). Teachers with few and some experience referred to the lack of knowledge and competence (personal factors) and that pupils would not take the lessons with games seriously (social factors). This research supports DGBLpractice (i) by adding new knowledge on the factors that can support or constrain the integration of DGBL and its implications for the development of curricula on game-based pedagogy; (ii) by providing suggestions to design and implement meaningful curricula on digital game-based pedagogy for teaching education and training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the results of preliminary research into children’s birthday celebrations in public green spaces in Belgrade during the second decade of the 21st century. This period is characterized by the widespread practice of celebrating children’s birthdays in commercial children’s playrooms. Birthday celebrations “in nature” were very rare in comparison. Thus we decided to focus on birthday celebrations held in public green spaces. This social practice is analyzed in the context of utilizing urban public space, public greens for organizing private events with the intent to consider the reasons for its appearance at a time when children’s birthdays were becoming part of the processes of the institutionalization and commercialization of childhood. The analysis is based on empirical material gathered through informal conversations with parents who organized birthday parties “in the open”, “in nature”. Children’s birthday parties we attended were organized at the Sava quay, in Košutnjak and at Ada Ciganlija. The fieldwork was conducted periodically from 2014 to 2018, and entailed the application of classical fieldwork methods in ethnology and anthropology (participant observation and interviews with the participants of the events).

We set out to investigate the significant responses of the digital economy to legal education, as well as some of the practical proposals made in response to system criticisms. In order to do this, important suggestions made by legal and educational experts to modify legal education in light of the pervasiveness of technology were identified. It then delves deeply into how colleges and universities are evolving as AI enters the market. The research was conducted on the impact of AI on legal education as well as suggestions for necessary modifications. Relevant literature searches were conducted using both qualitative and technical methodologies, as well as a deductive hypothetical procedural approach, in this interdisciplinary exploratory research. Furthermore, legal education should shift from a retrospective to a forward-looking and projective perspective, integrating technical knowledge and quantitative methods, while not ignoring the practice of traditional skills, communication, and descriptive standards so extremely valued by legal professionals, thus emphasizing the need to develop creativeness in students. However, in parallel, a policy must be devised that takes into consideration the ethical issues associated with the use of AI in the classroom. Lastly, it is obvious that there is no likelihood of AI replacing the legal professions in the near future. However, institutions must notify students that some legal profession responsibilities may be performed by AI technologies? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Filozofski Vestnik is the property of Scientific Research Centre of Slovenian Academy of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The history of human civilization is the history of wars. Peace was primarily perceived as a pause between those wars. From the concept of the absence of war, peace has transformed to a far more inclusive concept that includes the absence of various types of non-military threats to human well-being. Peace has not only changed its own theoretical foundations but also the practical understanding of international politics. The concept of peace was inextricably linked to war. Hence, the authors attached importance to the expansion and deepening of the concept of war in international relations, which could also be waged by nonmilitary means in non-physical space. The evolution of war from state and military to forms involving non-state actors, non-military threats and new arenas of warfare, i.e., cyberspace, were presented as significant subject of analysis. Relationship between war and peace was investigated in the entire historical scope, looking at it through the prism of an eclectic theoretical-methodological approach. The results found lack of the possibilities for a world without wars and reach a pessimistic conclusion that war in new forms will continue to be a feature of international politics, while peace will primarily be perceived as a period of absence of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]