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The adsorption of weighty metal particles from contaminated water sources has garnered significant attention due to its critical role in environmental remediation and ensuring safe drinking water. Heavy metal ions can be removed from water using conventional adsorbents such as activated zeolites; however, these materials have low absorption and slow kinetics. To solve these issues, carbon-based adsorbents that exhibit easy synthesis, high porosity, design ability, and stability have been proposed. In this review, a carbon-based adsorbent, named M-NC, and graphene oxide were created for the particular evacuation of weighty metal particles. To increase the potential for Heavy Metals (HM) immobilization, sulfide-modified biochar was created via a process called synchronous carbon layer epitome. A hypothetical physicochemical and thermodynamic examination of the adsorption of weighty metals Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Ag2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ on carbon-based adsorbents was done with factual material science fundaments. The biochar with large surface areas is utilized to eliminate weighty metal particles, quite possibly the most significant heavy metal pollutants, from aqueous solutions. The limit of the adsorbent for eliminating weighty metal ions was concentrated on utilizing Langmuir adsorption isotherm under ultrasound-helped conditions. The Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MNCs) can be applied to the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. It is possible to use the Langmuir and second-order kinetic equations to accurately explain the adsorption method. Thermodynamic limitations were also envisioned because sorption is exothermic when it happens spontaneously. A homogeneous measurable physical science adsorption typically was utilized to describe and analyze the experimental heavy metal removal isotherms at 30°C and pH5 utilizing adsorbents produced by pyrolysis of biomasses (broccoli stalks). The experimental results were investigated in terms of Langmuir and pseudo-2nd-order kinetic equations, Freundlich and isotherm models. The outcome of pH, initial heavy metal ion concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dosage regarding the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on the hydrogel was examined. This study contributes to the advancement of information in the ground of environmentally friendly heavy metal removal techniques, specifically focusing on the usage of biomass-based adsorbents. These findings have the potential to address the need for effective solutions in water purification and environmental cleanup efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer engineering is an interdisciplinary approach that promises to confront the complexities of cancer and accelerate transformative discoveries by integrating innovative fields across engineering and the physical sciences with a focus on cancer. We offer a conceptual framework for the hallmarks of cancer engineering, integrating 12 fields: system dynamics; imaging, radiation, and spectroscopy; robotics and controls; solid mechanics; fluid mechanics; chemistry and nanomaterials; mathematics and simulation; cellular and protein engineering; kinetics and thermodynamics; materials science; manufacturing and biofabrication; and microsystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular chirality plays a pivotal role across the disciplines of chemical and physical sciences, as well as holding significant implications in the realms of medicine and technology. Chiral macrocycles have attracted recent interests in synthetic chemistry, material science, and supramolecular chemistry. Due to the cyclic arrangements of stereogenic elements or special orientations confined in the rigid structures, π‐conjugated chiral macrocycles are expected to be highly luminescent, and configurationally stable, and thus serve to develop high‐performance chiroptical materials. Given the rapid progress achieved in this new area in recent years, it is significant to highlight new concepts and breakthroughs. This minireview will offer the overview of a wide range of π‐conjugated chiral macrocycles from traditional molecules which include the axially, helically, and planar chiral skeletons to the new chiral nanobelts with a focus on the structure‐function relationship between chiral molecules and the unique chiroptical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Materials Science is a reputable journal that publishes articles on various topics in materials science. It receives numerous submissions each year, which are reviewed by editors who are active researchers themselves. The journal has a strong emphasis on bio and medical materials science, as well as chemical routes to materials. The document provides summaries of the research interests and achievements of several scientists in the field, including Catalin Croitoru, Yi (David) Ju, Steven E. Naleway, Ghanshyam Pilania, Subha Narayan Rath, and Annela M. Seddon. The summaries highlight their contributions to the field, including their research focus, affiliations, publications, and awards. This resource is designed to assist library patrons in determining whether they would like to explore these scientists' work further. [Extracted from the article]

This document features essays from five women in the field of microscopy, each sharing their unique experiences and perspectives. The essays cover topics such as the challenges faced in academia, the importance of diversity and inclusion in STEM fields, the role of mentorship in career development, and the advancements made by women in leadership positions. The document provides valuable insights into the experiences of women in microscopy and emphasizes the significance of representation and support in the field. Additionally, it highlights the achievements and contributions of three individuals who have made significant impacts in the field of microscopy. [Extracted from the article]

Recent work in science education has emphasized the importance of the conceptual, social, and epistemic dimensions in science learning. But what about the material dimension—the actual physical materials that students use? The way their characteristics and affordances limit or determine instruction has thus far not been as thoroughly explored. Despite the vast body of work that exists on science and engineering practices, there are relatively few examples of how physical science materials are linked to and can support engagement with such practices for sensemaking. In this paper, we propose a framework for analyzing the design of these physical materials and the activities associated with them that can serve as lenses for educators and researchers to consider when planning and reflecting on classroom instruction. To validate our framework, we apply it to analyze activities developed and implemented by teachers during a four-year research-practice partnership project conducted in a city in Brazil, and investigate potential connections between the design of physical materials and students' epistemic agency. We conclude with recommendations for the development of physical resources in labs and makerspaces for science learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bowei Research Conference (BRC) series, established by Mr. Bowei Lee in Taiwan, provides a platform for young scientists, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students to network and exchange ideas. The article highlights past conferences, such as BRC-2 and BRC-3, and the upcoming BRC-4 conference with the theme "The Magic of Synthesis - New Frontiers of Molecular Architecture." The LCY Group and the LCY Education Foundation organize and sponsor the BRC series. The opening ceremony of BRC-4 featured distinguished guests, a buffet dinner, and traditional Chinese music, emphasizing the importance of chemistry in solving global challenges and promoting innovation. Keynote lectures covered topics like sustainable chemistry, natural product synthesis, and molecular machines, providing valuable insights into advancements in the field. The conference also included a poster session and retreat activities, and the next conference, BRC-5, will focus on "The Magic of Chemical Biology." [Extracted from the article]

Jonathan Hopkins, CC BY-ND The experimental study lays the foundation for AI materials that can be applied in the construction of buildings, airplanes, and imaging technologies. For more information: https://engineering.lehigh.edu/news/article/cooler-approach-making-new-materials-can-stand-heat AI Capable of Predicting Properties of Multifaceted Metamaterials In a new study by the University of Amsterdam's Institute of Physics and research institute AMOLF, the researchers tested how well artificial intelligence (AI) can estimate the properties of so-called combinatorial mechanical metamaterials. Courtesy of A. Kuzmin/University of Latvia and A. Smekhova/HZB To investigate the local environment of individual components, the team used multi-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) at BESSY II and then the reverse Monte Carlo method to analyze the collected data. High-entropy alloys are a new class of alloys that are composed of four or more metallic elements in approximately equal amounts. [Extracted from the article]

The article reports that quantum sensing with solid-state electron spin systems finds broad applications in diverse areas ranging from material and biomedical sciences to fundamental physics. Topics include examines exploiting collective behavior of noninteracting spins holds the promise of pushing the detection limit to even lower levels, while to date, those levels are scarcely reached because of the broadened line width and inefficient readout of solid-state spin ensembles.

This article is based on the annual reports presented by the Head of the Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences at the General Meetings of the Division in April 2021 and April 2022. It describes some scientific results in physics obtained in 2020–2021 at the research institutions (institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences) under the individual powers of the Russian Academy of Sciences stipulated by the regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation no. 521 dated June 5, 2014, and no. 1652 dated December 24, 2018. The information about the research in different fields of physics carried out at these institutions is summarized briefly and illustrated by examples of some bright scientific breakthroughs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs that covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of porous materials having the potential to front a new wave of environmental technologies. It is noted that the design of an organic-equivalent ordered framework subsequently led to the new and promising COFs in 2005, to mitigate stability issues while maintaining the modifiability of the framework.

The article presents the discussion on idea of converting electronic devices into useful products. Topics include designing electronics being more easily recycled into new forms or naturally degrade and receiving a grant from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); and conductors, semiconductors, insulators and the substrate housing all the components.

The article titled "Featured RMS events" provides information about upcoming events related to microscopy. The EBSD 2024 meeting will be held in Glasgow, UK, and will focus on the applications of EBSD in various fields, including the biological sciences. The European Light Microscopy Initiative is organizing a meeting in Liverpool, which aims to promote communication between scientists and manufacturers in the field of light microscopy. The Light Microscopy Summer School in York offers a two-day course on the principles and practical aspects of light microscopy. Additionally, there is a confocal course and an electron microscopy summer school being held in York and Leeds, respectively, which provide training in specific microscopy techniques. [Extracted from the article]

The versatility of advanced microscopy and spectroscopy is demonstrated by the wide range of applications that span across the Materials Science/Life Science boundary. It underpins the push for high-resolution correlative, three-dimensional and time resolved characterisation of organic and inorganic as well as composite materials that play key roles in the development e.g. of new drugs and medical treatments as well as environmentally friendly and energetically efficient alternatives to current material systems and the cultural heritage. This addresses some of the most urgent topics of our society such as sustainable health care and climate change and provides important contributions to the protection of cultural artifacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which explores the enhanced emission directivity from asymmetrically strained colloidal quantum dots. It mentions the improvement in external quantum efficiency requires more efficient photon out-coupling. It report improved emission directivity from colloidal quantum dot films.

The article presents a study that explores inducing thermodynamically blocked atomic ordering via strongly driven nonequilibrium kinetics. It demonstrated that ultrafast photoexcitations of electrons provide an efficient strategy to induce hidden material phases by overcoming thermodynamic barriers via nonequilibrium reaction pathways.

The annual Materials Research Society (MRS) Fall Meeting took place in Boston, Massachusetts, USA from November 27 to December 1, 2023. With over 5000 attendees, it is one of the largest materials science conferences in the world. The theme of the conference was quantum-based materials and devices, reflecting recent funding rounds for research in this area. The conference featured talks and posters on various topics, including microscopy and thermoelectric structure-property relationships. Plenary talks were given by Nobel Prize winner Moungi Bawendi and Takashi Taniguchi. The author, a PhD student, presented their work and had engaging discussions with colleagues. They expressed gratitude to the RMS for financial assistance in attending the conference. [Extracted from the article]

With regard to the vdW interactions and atomic-layered nature of 2D atomic crystals (2DACs), Duan I et al. i show how to construct a high-quality heterostructure/superlattice via 2DACs [[9]]. For example, Zhang I et al. i survey the recent advances in wet-chemical synthesis of 2D metal nanomaterials and establish the interdependence of electrocatalytic performance and structure of these 2D catalysts [[2]]. Novoselov I et al. i highlight the application of multifunctional 2D materials for antiviral protection and detection, which is a good response to the COVID-19 pandemic [[6]]. [Extracted from the article]

The saying "information is everywhere" is not just true of the real world, but also applicable to materials science. The field encompassed by the term "information" spreads across multiple disciplines, from physical science to technology and industrial manufacturing. In order to implement the new scope of our journal, we invite scientists in a wide range of research disciplines to communicate their findings and insightful opinions on our high‐quality platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that José Cernicharo Quintanilla, a researcher at the Institute of Fundamental Physics (IFF-CSIC) and a member of the RSEF, has been awarded the "Blas Cabrera" National Research Prize 2022 in the field of Physical Sciences, Materials, and Earth Sciences. This award recognizes his leadership in the field of molecular astrophysics and his multidisciplinary contributions in the physical, chemical, and materials sciences. On the other hand, Andrés Castellanos Gómez, a scientific researcher at the Institute of Materials Science in Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) and a member of the RSEF, has been awarded the "Felisa Martín Bravo" National Research Prize for Young Researchers in the field of Physical Sciences, Materials, and Earth Sciences, for his contributions to the research of two-dimensional materials. These awards recognize the outstanding work and scientific contributions of Spanish researchers. [Extracted from the article]

Research has become increasingly more interdisciplinary over the past few years. Artificial intelligence and its sub-fields have proven valuable for interdisciplinary research applications, especially physical sciences. Recently, machine learning-based mechanisms have been adapted for material science applications, meeting traditional experiments' challenges in a time and cost-efficient manner. The scientific community focuses on harnessing varying mechanisms to process big data sets extracted from material databases to derive hidden knowledge that can successfully be employed in technical frameworks of material screening, selection, and recommendation. However, a plethora of underlying aspects of the existing material discovery methods needs to be critically assessed to have a precise and collective analysis that can serve as a baseline for various forthcoming material discovery problems. This study presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art benchmark data sets, detailed pre-processing and analysis, appropriate learning model mechanisms, and simulation techniques for material discovery. We believe that such an in-depth analysis of the mentioned aspects provides promising directions to the young interdisciplinary researchers from computing and material science fields. This study will help devise useful modeling in the materials discovery to positively contribute to the material industry, reducing the manual effort involved in the traditional material discovery. Moreover, we also present a detailed analysis of experimental and computation-based artificial intelligence mechanisms suggested by the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]