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Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3) are widely used to guide place-based innovation policy. However, there is little analysis of the institutional frameworks necessary for implementing multi-actor entrepreneurial discovery processes. This paper explores the evolution of institutions in the Basque Country region over a four-year period. It conceptualizes two levels of institutions: the overall architecture established to pursue an S3; and the micro-processes that emerge to particularize and valorize priorities. The paper highlights lessons relating to the experimentalism of S3, monitoring and evaluation, the engagement of small and medium-sized enterprises and civil society actors, and mechanisms for amplifying the voice of regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, states around the world swiftly enacted a multitude of far-reaching emergency responses to contain the viruses' spread and to cope with the economic repercussions of the ensuing crisis. However, these measures detrimentally impacted the operating conditions of many businesses or, at the least, decreased their profitability. As this inevitably affected foreign investments, investors could be tempted to invoke "Investor State Dispute Settlement" ("ISDS") clauses in International Investment Agreements (IIAs) to initiate proceedings before arbitral tribunals and seek compensation for loss of profit caused by states' Covid-19 responses. Due to the specific circumstances in most developing countries, they were hit particularly hard by the crisis and are especially vulnerable to the threat of investment claims. It is therefore important to enable developing countries to realistically anticipate the risk of investment arbitration by assessing the chances of success of foreign investment claims against those policies that were most frequently adopted by them amidst the crisis. Against this background, this paper assesses how likely developing countries' Covid-19 responses breached substantive standards of investor treatment under typical IIAs and which defense strategies states may invoke to justify their regulatory action. Based on this analysis, this paper concludes by formulating policy recommendations on how developing countries may enhance the resilience of their emergency responses against foreign investors amidst future public health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy technologies play a crucial role in solving global energy and environmental issues, and the pace of the energy transition directly depends on improving their efficiency. Presently, the development and implementation of renewable energy systems are ensured mainly through state funding, the possibilities of which are limited. The potential of attracting private investments depends directly on their impact on companies' profitability indicators, and the uncertainty regarding the return on investments is one of the main barriers affecting investors' decision-making. Based on a vector autoregressive model for analysing the stationary time series, the paper explores the impact of long-term investments and research and development costs in renewable energy technologies on the financial performance of ten of the largest companies operating in this field. The study's results showed that investments and spending on research and development positively affect such companies' profitability indicators as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation, earnings before interest and tax, net income, and return on investment. The obtained results can be used to substantiate the economic effectiveness of investments in developing and improving renewable energy technologies when forming the companies' financial policies to support them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research aims to analyze the correlation and causality between investments and sales revenues through an econometric analysis of manufacturing enterprises in Kosovo. Since investments are essential for enterprises, studying their impact and sales revenues on manufacturing enterprises is crucial. Methodology: Empirical data to be used in the research is secondary and will be based on the annual reports of the Minister of Finance. This paper will also refer to many studies by different authors that have analyzed the relationship between investments and sales revenues. The years that will be analyzed in this research are 2018-2019. Expected results: Through the analysis of this research conducted between investments and sales revenues and other variables, we expect to get some positive results which can tell us that the investments made by a company will positively affect sales income in manufacturing enterprises. Practical implications: Through the analysis made between these variables, different manufacturing companies in Kosovo can see the effect that investments have on sales revenues and other variables, i.e., the correlation between them. The results of this study will also serve as good scientific and empirical evidence for future studies to be conducted in investments or economics. Originality: This scientific paper presents actual and consistent results about the relevant conclusions. The analyzed period (2018-2019) is a convincing period for drawing competent conclusions and recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-investment evaluations by South African big businesses and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) continue to follow western urban approaches to evaluate the prospect of their donations, empowerment initiatives or future investments in rural municipalities. The gap of knowledge is in the approach to guide and encourage big businesses and SOEs to invest in South African rural municipalities. This study was an attempt to fill that gap. The objective of this study is to propose an adapted model that is informed by the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework and Institutional Theory's perspectives to guide and influence future South African rural municipalities' pre-investment evaluations by big businesses and SOEs with the view to sustain rural livelihoods. The study employed a qualitative research methodology. In line with the interpretative paradigm, a Social Network Analysis (SNA), together with one-on-one interviews, were chosen as research instruments for the collection of data from two rural municipalities. NVivo 12 was used for data analysis. Results reveal isolated good working relationships concerning local municipality resource management and a general lack of understanding and collaboration in attracting and influencing big businesses to invest and sustain local municipalities' rural SMMEs and livelihoods. The lack of unity of purpose in rural municipalities' stakeholders' unity of purpose undermines their ability to influence the pre-investment process and attract prospective investors. The paper proposes an adapted model that guides rural municipality stakeholders' engagements in positioning their areas and rural SMMEs as viable investment destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the extent of organizational isomorphism (homogeneity and resemblances) in the disruption-driven investment decision-making strategies of Listed Property Trusts (LPTs) in New Zealand. Based on the tenets of institutional theory, this article conceptualizes LPTs as organizations within an investment environment, comprising several firms and actors that are bounded by formal and informal rules. By exploring the interactions and interdependencies across organizational hierarchies in the investment environment, this study adopts a phenomenological approach within case studies in clarifying the extent of homogeneity in the decision-making strategies of LPTs amidst disruptions. The research outcome suggests that LPTs demonstrate normative, coercive and mimetic isomorphic tendencies as they seek legitimacy amidst the uncertainties associated with property market disruptions. Apart from adhering to the peculiar rules and norms of property investment decision-making within their investment environment, this study reveals the tendency of LPTs to observe and replicate the responsive actions of similar organizations as they adjust to market uncertainties. Therefore, the research outcome provides a clearer description of the actual decision-making behaviour of LPTs amidst market disruptions and how subjective behavioural tendencies could evolve to become a legitimate standard of reasoning amongst LPTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Forestry Economy is the property of China Forestry Economy Magazine Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the necessity of competitive development of farming enterprises in Lviv region to ensure food security both at the state and regional levels in particular. As part of the research, a thorough economic and statistical analysis of their economic activity and resource provision was conducted. It has been found that the farming enterprises of Lviv region are characterized by positive trends of development. In particular, there is a consolidation of farmers by the area of land use, an increase in the number of agricultural products, which had a positive effect on the sale of the main types of agricultural products in the region and beyond. The objective necessity is substantiated for intensive development of cooperation of farming enterprises in Lviv region under conditions of unstable financial and economic situation in the state, which will provide an opportunity to attract investment and innovation resources for their effective development, will ensure production of ecologically clean food products and creation of new jobs. Among the priority directions for the development of farming enterprises in Lviv Region, special attention is focused on the diversification of activities, which is expedient to consider in production, technological and marketing aspects. The study proved that farming enterprises of Lviv region have all the prerequisites for effective business management. Their strategic development should be focused not only on increasing the volume of production, but also on improving the quality of products, which will ensure a high level of their competitiveness on domestic and foreign markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article justified the feasibility of an investment project by analysing the performance indicators while taking into account risk and uncertainty of the use of information technologies. The impact of the above calculations of the investment project results is due to the fact that the evaluation of the investment performance depends on the projected cash flows. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of risks on making investment decisions using information technologies in order to increase the financial security of enterprises. Methodological and practical aspects of risk modelling of the investment project were further developed, using the Monte Carlo method, which allows to construct a model by minimizing data, as well as to maximize the value of data used in the model. This model involves the use of probability theory and random number tables. The results show the distribution of probabilities of the successful project variable and the coefficient of variation of the performance indicator, allowing the investor to take uncertainty into account when making a decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al Bashaer Economic Journal is the property of Al Bashaer Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The review of modern methodological approaches to assessing the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise revealed the absence of generally accepted integral tools and the connection sustainable development trends with financial flows. To fill this gap this, taking into account the principle of balanced development economic, environmental and social components aimed. The purpose of the study is the development of a financial flow management model for the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise (using the example of a large Russian petrochemical enterprise). To achieve the goal of the purpose, the following methods implemented systematic approach, analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, analysis of dynamics series, correlation analysis, regression analysis, solving the linear programming problem. As a result of the study, we came to conclusion about the shift of the enterprise's focus on environmental issues; the growth of the integral indicator of sustainable development of an industrial enterprise; the negative impact of credit resources on the aggregate indicator. The novelty of the study lies in the development of a new methodological solution, which is the basis of the financial management model for the sustainable development of the enterprise: it is adequate to the level of microeconomic system; covers three ways of measuring sustainable development and the possibility of choosing the best quality; allows to implement a proactive approach to managing financial flows with the principles of sustainable development of the enterprise (existing approaches either represent only a set of indicators or addressed the diagnosis of a specific subsystem, either do not consider the relationship between financial flows and the aggregated indicator of sustainable development of the enterprise). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate material origin of strategic preference expression in authoritarian systems, where firms express dissent against or conform to the government's position based on what they seek to obtain from the government: politically powerful firms are more likely to dissent to negotiate policy concessions while politically weak firms are more likely to conform to the government's position to obtain side payments or to avoid punishment. We test this argument using survey experiments with firm executives in China. A treatment that signals the government's commitment to liberalize inward foreign direct investment increases the percentage of firms that report to "benefit" from the policy between 14 and 36 percentage points. Powerful firms (state- and foreign-owned) conform the least to the government and politically vulnerable firms and the recipients of government contracts conform the most. Our results suggest that political standing is a key driver of business position-taking in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study looks to understand the dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems by exploring the complex interactions between multiple stakeholders operating at different levels of governance. Drawing on network governance, it provides new insights into collective and individual actions taken to coordinate and implement enterprise support. Through an in-depth study of the Tay Cities Region in Scotland, UK, the study details the relational organizing various stakeholders undertake to form, structure and interrupt the entrepreneurial ecosystem network. Through effective coordination, the region attracts inward investment and creates new valuable programmes, which increases the efficacy of enterprise support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study intended to establish the relationship between Investment Decisions and growth of selected business enterprises in Makindye Division, Kampala District. It was guided by four objectives which included determining; the demographic characteristics of respondents, the level of Investment Decisions, the level of growth of selected business and the significant relationship in level of Investment Decisions and growth of a business enterprise in Makindye Division. The Researcher made questionnaires used to collect data from 278 business owners selected purposively. A descriptive corelational, cross-sectional and expost-facto design were used. Data analysis was done using frequencies, percentages, means, and Pearson linear correlation coefficiency (PLCC). The findings indicated that most respondents were male 146 (52.5%), followed by female who composed of 132 (47.5%).The researcher recommended, that care should be taken for investment, finance, dividend, investment, and working capital in an enterprise is to cope-up with growth. The researcher concludes that the levels of Investment Decisions and growth of business enterprise were both generally satisfactory among the enterprises. Once the above aspects are attended to, Investment Decisions is very useful vice to growth of selected business enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study intended to establish the relationship between financial management and growth of selected business enterprises in Makindye Division, Kampala District. It was guided by four objectives which included determining; the demographic characteristics of respondents, the level of financial management, the level of growth of selected business and the significant relationship in level of financial management and growth of a business enterprise in Makindye Division. The Researcher made questionnaires used to collect data from 278 business owners selected purposively. A descriptive corelational, cross-sectional and expost-facto design were used. Data analysis was done using frequencies, percentages, means, and Pearson linear correlation coefficiency (PLCC). The findings indicated that most respondents were male 146 (52.5%), followed by female who composed of 132 (47.5%). The researcher recommended, that care should be taken for investment, finance, dividend, liquidity, and working capital in an enterprise is to cope-up with growth. The researcher concludes that the levels of Financial Management and growth of business enterprise were both generally satisfactory among the enterprises. Once the above aspects are attended to, Financial Management is very useful vice to growth of selected business enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]