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The article is devoted to the problem of approximation of classes of periodic functions by rectangular linear means of Fourier series. Asymptotic equalities are found for upper bounds of deviations in the uniform metric of rectangular Fejér means on classes of periodic functions of several variables generated by sequences that tend to zero at the rate of geometric progression. In one-dimensional cases, these classes consist of Poisson integrals, namely functions that can be regularly extended in the fixed strip of a complex plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In approximation theory, the "direct theorem" is a fundamental concept that relates to how well more straightforward functions or signals can approximate a function or signal from a chosen approximation space. The direct theorem typically provides bounds on the error or the quality of the approximation in terms of various parameters, such as the degree of approximation, the dimension of the approximation space, and the properties of the approximated functions. The specific form of the direct theorem can vary depending on the context and the type of approximation being considered (e.g., polynomial approximation, Fourier series approximation, spline approximation, etc.). The direct theorem aims to establish the mathematical framework for comprehending how well elements from a given space can approximate a function, which is crucial in various fields like numerical analysis, signal processing, and scientific computing. Finally, the direct theorem is a crucial result in approximation theory. It describes how elements from a given approximation space get closer and better at approximating a given function as the number of terms in the approximation sequence grows. It provides essential insights into the behavior of approximations and plays a central role in various mathematical and computational disciplines. In this article, we aim to prove the direct theorem by defining a new appropriate operator for functions Lp ([[0, 2π]d) that uses our new k-mixed modulus of smoothness to estimate the best approximation degree and the new k-mixed difference. Also, to prove the direct theorem, we introduce the angular approximation in Lp ([0, 2π]d to reach the most accurate estimate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider nonharmonic Fourier series defined in terms of arbitrarily close exponentials. Our aim is to use the positivity of quadratic polynomials in order to get new Ingham-type weighted inequalities. The proof relies on an Ingham proof technique inspired by Jaffard et al. (J Fourier Anal Appl 3:577–582, 1997). As applications, we consider families of frequencies with relevance in control approximation theory, for which we can prove the uniform (with respect to the mesh-size) controllability property of the semi-discrete model, when the spurious frequencies (the gap between them tends to zero when the mesh size goes to zero) are eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to solving one of the extremal problems in the theory of approximation of functional classes by linear methods of summation of the Fourier series in the integral metric, namely, approximation of classes Lβ,1ψ by biharmonic Poisson integrals. As a result of the research, we have found the asymptotic equalities for the approximation values of classes of (ψ, β)-differentiable functions by biharmonic Poisson integrals, that is, have found solutions of the Kolmogorov-Nikol’skii problem for biharmonic Poisson integrals on classes Lβ,1ψ in the integral metric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taylor series play a ubiquitous role in calculus courses, and their applications as approximants to functions are widely taught and used everywhere. However, it is not common to present the students with other types of approximations besides Taylor polynomials. These notes show that polynomials construed to satisfy certain boundary conditions at an interval of definition can be represented by rapidly converging Fourier series. These polynomials are shifted and re-scaled versions of the Bernoulli polynomials. From this construction, an argument to 'invert' the Fourier series to obtain an approximation to sines and cosines in terms of the Bernoulli polynomials is presented. We then show that approximating sines and cosines by the Bernoulli polynomials might be much better than using the truncated Taylor series, especially in problems where global proprieties are desired. These contents can be taught in advanced Calculus classes approaching series of functions and their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the investigation of problem of approximation of continuous periodic functions by trigonometric polynomials, which are generated by linear methods of summation of Fourier series. The simplest example of a linear approximation of periodic functions is the approximation of functions by partial sums of their Fourier series. However, the sequences of partial Fourier sums are not uniformly convergent over the class of continuous periodic functions. Therefore, many studies devoted to the research of the approximative properties of approximation methods, which are generated by transformations of the partial sums of Fourier series and allow us to construct sequences of trigonometrical polynomials that would be uniformly convergent for the whole class of continuous functions. Particularly, Fej'er sums have been widely studied recently. One of the important problems in this area is the study of asymptotic behavior of the sharp upper bounds over a given class of functions of deviations of the trigonometric polynomials. In the paper, we study upper asymptotic estimates for deviations between a function and the Fej'er means for the Fourier series of the function. The asymptotic behavior is considered for the functions represented by the Poisson integrals of periodic functions of a real variable. The mentioned classes consist of analytic functions of a real variable. These functions can be regularly extended into the corresponding strip of the complex plane. An asymptotic equality for the upper bounds of Fej'er means deviations on classes of Poisson integrals was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work we investigate the approximation of the functions by Cesaro, Zygmund and Abel-Poisson means of Fourier series in Morrey spaces Lp,λ (T), 0 < λ = 2,1 < p < ∞ in the terms of the modulus of continuity. These results applied to the estimates of approximation of Cesaro, Zygmund and Abel sums of Faber series in the Morrey-Smirnov classes Ep,λ(G), 0 < λ = 2 and 1 < p < ∞ defined in the domains with Dini-smooth boundary of the complex plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We essentially extend and improve the classical result of G. H. Hardy and J. E. Littlewood on strong summability of Fourier series. We will present an estimation of the generalized strong mean (H, Φ) as an approximation version of the Totik type generalization of the result of G. H. Hardy, J. E. Littlewood, in case of integrable functions from LΨ. As a measure of such approximation we will use the function constructed by function Ψ complementary to Φ on the base of definition of the LΨ points. Some corollary and remarks will also be given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study an inverse problem of recovering initial datum in a one-dimensional linear evolution equation with the Dirichlet boundary conditions when the solution to the equation is known only at a suitably fixed space location and suitably chosen finitely many later time instances. To be more explicit, we consider a one-dimensional linear evolutionary equation involving a Dirichlet fractional Laplacian and an unknown initial datum f which is assumed to be in a suitable subset of a Sobolev space, and then construct n future times so that from the known values of the solution at a suitably fixed space location and at these n future times, we recover f with a desired accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]