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Digital games are one of the most engaging forms of media. Players can have a first-hand experience and the possibility of feeling immersed within a digital setting where agency is exerted. This paper seeks to understand the role of digital games as new means of communication and their potential to convey messages that may defy gamers to question the moral grand narratives that shape contemporary societies. In a moment when many countries have opted to close or limit the circulation in their borders, it is important to think about the role played by the border as a historic liminal entity for the representation of societies and communities, distinguishing those who belong from those who do not. The representation of the border in digital games have tended to follow one of the main tropes explored in other media: the border as a physical space that set boundaries between different nations and different regions of the world. In order to assert the potential of digital games to offer a more comprehensive representation of the border as a liminal space, the case of Papers, Please! (2013) will be analyzed. Based on a qualitative methodology, having content analysis as primary data collection method, the paper intends to contribute to the discussion on how history may narrativized and, eventually, reinterpreted in digital games. Papers, Please! analysis will be centered on the relationship that is set between player and border, that is presented as a liminal space where the game's action takes places entirely. Moreover, the paper intends to discuss the role that has been played by digital games in the representation of serious topics and how they have evolved as communication tools beyond their role as entertainment products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : The current UK standard for major trauma patients is to record notes in a paper trauma booklet. Through an innovative collaboration between a major trauma centre and a digital transformation industry partner, a TraumaApp was developed. Electronic notes have been shown to have fewer errors, granular data collection and enable time stamped contemporaneous record keeping. Implementation of digital clinical records presents a challenge within the context of trauma multidisciplinary trauma resuscitation. Data can be easily accessible and shared for quality improvement, audit and research purposes. This study compared paper and electronic notes for completeness and for acceptability data following the implementation of the TraumaApp. Methods: Trauma team members who performed scribe function attended training for the newly launched TraumaApp. Two staff members acted as scribe, using either the paper trauma booklet or TraumaApp, and attended major trauma calls. A framework for comparison of paper and electronic notes was created and used for a retrospective review of major trauma patients' notes. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed t-test. Staff using the TraumaApp completed a System Usability Score questionnaire. Results: There was a total of 37 data points for collection per case. The mean numbers collected were paper notes 24.1 of 37 (65.1%) and electronic notes, 25.7 of 37 (69.5%). There was no statistical significance between the completeness of paper and electronic notes. The mean System Usability Score was 68.4. Discussion: Recording accurate patient information during a major trauma call can be challenging and the role of the scribe to accurately record events is critical for immediate and future care. There was no statistically significant difference in completeness of paper and electronic notes, however the mean System Usability Score was 68.4, which is greater than the internationally validated standard of acceptable usability. Conclusion: It is feasible to introduce digital data collection tools enabling accurate record keeping during trauma resuscitation and improve information sharing between clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a proposal for publishing resource papers as registered reports in the Northern European Journal of Language Technology. The idea is that authors write a data collection plan with a full data statement, to the extent that it can be written before data collection starts. Once the proposal is approved, publication of the final resource paper is guaranteed, as long as the data collection plan is followed (modulo reasonable changes due to unforeseen circumstances). This proposal changes the reviewing process from an antagonistic to a collaborative enterprise, and hopefully encourages NLP resources to develop and publish more high-quality datasets. The key advantage of this proposal is that it helps to promote responsible resource development (through constructive peer review) and to avoid research waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

mHealth applications (apps) are tools that can enhance research by efficiently collecting and storing large amounts of data. However, data collection alone does not lead to change. Innovation and practice change occur through utilisation of evidence. The volume of data collected raises questions regarding utilisation of data by nurses and midwives, and how data from mHealth apps can be used to improve person-centred practice. There is limited empirical evidence and a lack of direction from global health authorities to guide nurses and midwives in this area. To describe strategies for nurses and midwives that could enhance the effective use of data generated by mHealth apps to inform person-centred practice. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate reflection and generate actions for data utilisation when using mHealth apps in nursing research and practice. This discussion paper has been informed by current evidence, the integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework, and research experience as part of doctoral study. Before engaging in data collection using mHealth apps, nurses and midwives would benefit from considering the nature of the evidence collected, available technological infrastructure, and staff skill levels. When collecting data and interpreting results, use of a team approach supported by engaged leadership and external facilitation is invaluable. This provides support to operate apps, and more importantly use the data collected to inform person-centred practice. This paper addresses the limited available evidence to guide nurses and midwives when using mHealth apps to collect and use data to inform practice change. It highlights the need for appropriate technology, external facilitative support, engaged leadership, and a team approach to collect meaningful evidence using mHealth apps. Clinicians, leaders, and researchers can apply the strategies provided to enhance the use of mHealth apps and ensure translation of evidence into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Research theses can have a significant impact on the development of applied sciences, especially when their results are published. Objective This study aims to determine publication rate of papers extracted from the medical residency and master’s degree theses of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) during 2008-2018. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected from the medical residency and master’s degree theses of GUMS from 2008 to 2018. Then, they were searched in international and national databases according to the title, keywords, and names of supervisors, advisors, and students. Results Of 774 theses, 449 (58 %) papers had been extracted and published in journals indexed by ISI/ PubMed (41.2%), Scopus (11.8%), BIOSIS, Chemical Abstract, and Embase (0.44%) and others (46.56%). Most of them (98.66%) were original research. Moreover, in 383(85.3%) of the theses, there was no statistician or data advisor. The median time from defending theses to the publication of a paper from them was two years. Conclusion The publication of papers extracted from the theses of GUMS has increased, and more than 50% of them have been published in journals indexed by ISI, PubMed, and Scopus. However, the factors associated with the publication of papers need to be surveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This methodological guidance paper discusses the craft of reviewing qualitative research for a systematic review. Qualitative research is an expansive and wide-ranging domain that includes research from different disciplines, for different purposes, following different methodological traditions, and employing a variety of data collection and analysis methods. While many aspects of reviewing qualitative research are similar to reviewing quantitative research, the essay focuses on five central tasks: (1) clarifying purpose(s), (2) defining research quality, (3) situating the research in relevant contexts, (4) adding it up, and (5) practicing reflexivity—that every reviewer of qualitative research engages in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data paper is an emerging academic genre that focuses on the description of research data objects. However, there is a lack of empirical knowledge about this rising genre in quantitative science studies, particularly from the perspective of its linguistic features. To fill this gap, this research aims to offer a first quantitative examination of which rhetorical moves—rhetorical units performing a coherent narrative function—are used in data paper abstracts, as well as how these moves are used. To this end, we developed a new classification scheme for rhetorical moves in data paper abstracts by expanding a well‐received system that focuses on English‐language research article abstracts. We used this expanded scheme to classify and analyze rhetorical moves used in two flagship data journals, Scientific Data and Data in Brief. We found that data papers exhibit a combination of introduction, method, results, and discussion‐ and data‐oriented moves and that the usage differences between the journals can be largely explained by journal policies concerning abstract and paper structure. This research offers a novel examination of how the data paper, a data‐oriented knowledge representation, is composed, which greatly contributes to a deeper understanding of research data and its publication in the scholarly communication system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of mobile technology, mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) has significant potential regarding its practical applications and benefits in foreign language learning. Nevertheless, little research was conducted to examine factors regarding the facilitation of oral communication through MALL based on established theories or models. The purpose of this review is to investigate the main constituents conducive to the intended outcomes based on an adapted model from Beatty (2010) and further provide guidelines for enthusiastic stakeholders in the field. Twenty-eight empirical studies were collected and categorized according to four key variables of the design model and analyzed qualitatively, with the key findings identified as follows. Due to the technical affordance of mobile technology, it is found that a student-centered self-regulated learning context is created, where students construct knowledge through self-instruction, self-evaluation, and self-correction. Furthermore, a speaking strategy-driven collaborative-based learning design enhances students' oral proficiency through strong social connections, interactions, and communication. Finally, given the pedagogical design and practices, high-level cognitive thinking is thereby promoted, with promising affective learning outcomes. In light of the findings, guidelines for educational practitioners, learners, and system designers are provided for pedagogical and practical application in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, the emergence of electrochemical wearable sensors has attracted considerable attention because of their promising application in point‐of‐care testing due to some features such as high sensitivity, simplicity, miniaturization, and low fabrication cost. Recent developments in new fabrication approaches and innovative substrates have resulted in sensors able to real‐time and on‐body measurements. Wearable electrochemical sensors have also been combined with paper‐based substrates and directly used on human skin for different applications for non‐invasive analyses. Furthermore, wearable electrochemical sensors enable monitoring analytes in different biofluids without complex procedures, such as pre‐treatment or sample manipulation. The coupling of IoT to various wearable sensors has also attracted attention due to real‐time data collection and handling in remote and resource‐limited conditions. This mini‐review presents the significant advances in developing wearable electrochemical devices, such as sampling, data collection, connection protocols, and power sources, and discusses some critical challenges for higher performance in this field. We also present an overview of the application of paper as an intelligent substrate for electrochemical wearable sensors and discuss their advantages and drawbacks. Lastly, conclude by highlighting the future advances in wearable sensors and diagnostics by coupling real‐time and on‐body measurements to multiplexed detection of different biomarkers simultaneously, reducing the cost and time of classical analysis to provide fast and complete overall physiological conditions to the wearer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Novel survey methods are needed to tackle declining response rates. The 2020 National Maternity Survey included a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and social media survey to compare different combinations of sampling and data collection methods with respect to: response rate, respondent representativeness, prevalence estimates of maternity indicators and cost. Methods: A two-armed parallel RCT and concurrent social media survey were conducted. Women in the RCT were sampled from ONS birth registrations and randomised to either a paper or push-to-web survey. Women in the social media survey self-selected through online adverts. The primary outcome was response rate in the paper and push-to-web surveys. In all surveys, respondent representativeness was assessed by comparing distributions of sociodemographic characteristics in respondents with those of the target population. External validity of prevalence estimates of maternity indicators was assessed by comparing weighted survey estimates with estimates from national routine data. Cost was also compared across surveys. Results: The response rate was higher in the paper survey (n = 2,446) compared to the push-to-web survey (n = 2,165)(30.6% versus 27.1%, difference = 3.5%, 95%CI = 2.1–4.9, p < 0.0001). Compared to the target population, respondents in all surveys were less likely to be aged < 25 years, of Black or Minority ethnicity, born outside the UK, living in disadvantaged areas, living without a partner and primiparous. Women in the social media survey (n = 1,316) were less representative of the target population compared to women in the paper and push-to-web surveys. For some maternity indicators, weighted survey estimates were close to estimates from routine data, for other indicators there were discrepancies; no survey demonstrated consistently higher external validity than the other two surveys. Compared to the paper survey, the cost saving per respondent was £5.45 for the push-to-web survey and £22.42 for the social media survey. Conclusions: Push-to-web surveys may cost less than paper surveys but do not necessarily result in higher response rates. Social media surveys cost significantly less than paper and push-to-web surveys, but sample size may be limited by eligibility criteria and recruitment window and respondents may be less representative of the target population. However, reduced representativeness does not necessarily introduce more bias in weighted survey estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocean research currently relies heavily on bulky bioelectronic tags and sensory telemetry networks for data collection. Therefore, in this study, a compact and flexible waterproof bioelectronic tag with a kirigami (paper cutting)‐based design for underwater conductivity, temperature, depth, and strain sensing is designed and evaluated. Unlike invasive bioelectronic tags, the kirigami bioelectronic tag can be attached to robotic fish or aquatic animals without harming the host. The kirigami‐based design facilitates excellent stretchability and reduces stress within the sensor, thus inhibiting crosstalk induced by movement during multimodal sensing. A working bioelectronic tag is fabricated and tested. Notably, the performance of the kirigami sensors shows very little degradation even after >1000 stretching cycles. Specifically, the multimodal bioelectronic tag demonstrates a wide working pressure range of 0–5.0 MPa, and the kirigami design effectively suppresses signal coupling. The kirigami‐based bioelectronic tag is applied to a robotic dolphin and underwater environmental parameters and detailed movement parameters, such as swing angle, swing frequency, and typical gestures are detected simultaneously with high sensitivity and accuracy. Therefore, the device can be applied to a broad range of applications in various fields such as behavioral biology, ocean informatics, and underwater robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a new technique for analyzing phenomena occurring during the measurement of the strength properties of paper in the conditions of compression of the tested samples with forces acting in the paper plane. The technique is based on collecting data on the current distance of the clamps holding the tested sample and the force exerted on the sample using a universal testing machine and on the simultaneous recording of image sequence of the sample during the measurement. Next, the resulting images are subjected to processing and analysis, the purpose of which is to extract information about the shape of the sample edge in all phases of the measurement. Its advantage is the ability to determine the deflection arrow of the sample and describe its shape using the selected function given by the analytical parametric formula. It will be helpful in further research on the development of an analytical model describing the phenomena occurring during paper compression, and a method to determine the mechanism of paper destruction and the corresponding maximum force that destroys a paper sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Remote testing is suitable when performing complex tests requiring careful training. • One-solution test is reliable to assess PROP status in live remote condition. • PROP impregnated paper disks are a valid alternative to solutions in lab setting. • PROP disks can be used out-of-lab if a strict control is provided by the personnel. • Reliable remote testing procedures will promote research in vulnerable populations. Solutions and paper disks are widely used methods for classifying people by their ability to perceive 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). Recently, remote sensory testing carried out under the supervision of the panel leader, has been found to be a valid alternative to the traditional lab-setting, offering several practical advantages. This study aimed to validate a protocol for PROP status assessment in remote condition and to compare the results obtained using solutions and paper disks. Individual differences in bitterness responsiveness and the relative classification between two different testing conditions (remote and laboratory) and two stimuli (solutions and disks) were compared. 77 subjects (18–30 years; 60 % women) participated in two sessions (one in laboratory and one in remote setting) and rated the perceived intensity of PROP solutions and disks. Mean PROP ratings did not vary across remote and lab conditions (p = 0.844). PROP phenotype classifications in remote-solution and lab-disk conditions were comparable to lab-solution reference condition (with a misclassification rate of 27 % and 31 % respectively, all occurring within contiguous groups). In contrast, the classification in remote-disk condition was not fully comparable (misclassification in respect to lab-solution of 48 % in contiguous groups, and 1.3 % in non-contiguous groups). One-solution test appears as a reliable procedure for PROP status assessment in live remote testing. Also, impregnated paper disks represent a suitable alternative to solution testing in conventional lab setting for practical reasons. However, paper disks could represent a valid option for data collection outside the lab, but they require rigorous in-person control by the sensory personnel when used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main problem identified is the conventional way of distributing indirect manufacturing costs for the paper company dedicated to the process of converting paper, having generated distorted unit costs. Faced with this situation, the implementation of a costing model by activities was proposed. The main objective of this research is to establish procedures for the implementation of the costing methodology by activities for the paper industry. The methodological study is quantitative at a descriptive level where data collection was done in a simple random manner, for which documents were reviewed and analyzed, production processes were observed, and surveys were developed. The results confirmed the achievement of the objectives and hypotheses raised in the investigation, where it was indicated that there is a relationship between the activity-based costing methodology and the measurement of indirect costs in the paper industry. The investigation is concluded "Activity-based methodology is beneficial to apply in the calculation of indirect costs, with a new approach to calculating costing by activities that allows diversifying suitable inducers and applying them to the different activities related to indirect costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The purpose of this study is the analysis of bibliometric studies of the medical most-cited papers. Materials and Methods: This applied and the scientometric study was conducted using retrospective bibliometric analysis methods. AScopus search was conducted and 883 articles were retrieved. After reviewing the titles and abstracts, 432 articles related to the purpose of this research were identified. Items such as year, journal, country, and institution were considered. Medical subject heading and NLM were applied for the subject categorization of articles. Given the dynamics of subject areas over time, only the content of 117 articles published in 2020 and 2021 were analyzed. These 117 articles have been reviewed with 11,700 most-cited articles. By reviewing 117 articles, the most productive journal, country, and institute in producing 11,700 articles were identified. Results: The findings have shown a significant number of these publications review 100 most-cited articles in the field of medicine. Articles pertaining to the Nervous System, Musculoskeletal System, Dentistry, Radiology, and Cardiovascular System are the most numerous among the publications. Conclusion: The results of this study allow readers to know the most productive countries, institutions, and journals of various subject areas, as well as the most influential fields and research trends in that subject area. The results of this study also identify subject areas for which the characteristics of their core articles have not yet been explored to plan future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a method of generating the elemental image array (EIA) for the integral imaging (InIm) based light field display (LFD). Firstly, we reveal the intrinsic voxel spatial distributions of the InIm‐based LFD and analyze how the voxel space affects the display performances such as spatial resolution, depth of field, and smoothness of parallax. Then, we present an algorithm to generate an EIA from a pair of RGB and depth (RGBD) images and an optimally selected voxel space. In the experiments, we tested the display performances of the voxels on different depth planes and obtained results consistent with the theoretical analyses. We also experimented with a computer 3D model and a real‐world scene on two InIm‐based LFD prototypes working in different modes, one in real mode and the other in virtual mode, and obtained favorable 3D display effects. The proposed method simplifies the light field data acquisition and image synthesis process, and supports handling both the virtual and the real‐world 3D scenes. We expect the proposed system to help the practical application of the InIm‐based LFD technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To avoid bias in analysis, interpretation and generalisability of findings that can occur from missing data when using self-administered questionnaires • To develop strategies to prevent missing data in self-administered questionnaires • To understand the methodological and statistical considerations underlying the use of prevention strategies in quantitative studies Background: Self-administered questionnaires are efficient and low-cost ways of collecting data with wide cohorts. Nonetheless, their use in studies can result in a high occurrence of missing data, which can affect the statistical power, representativeness and generalisability of the findings. Imputation methods have been considered efficient statistical techniques for managing missing data. However, they have also been associated with limits, such as the risk of under-estimation of the effect, lower statistical power and decrease of correlation among variables. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of using prevention strategies to avoid missing data before the data are analysed. Aim: To identify strategies for preventing the occurrence of missing data and to discuss their effects, as well as their methodological and statistical considerations. Discussion: The article discusses prevention strategies related to the administration format and follow-up and reminders. Strategies such as the use of electronic tablets, email and telephone reminders are associated with lower rates of missing data in self-administered questionnaires. However, methodological and statistical limits, including the absence of a comparison group and statistical validation of the reported results, limits the capacity to establish robust consensus. Conclusion: Prevention strategies represent relevant and feasible avenues for handling missing data in a wide range of clinical, nursing and epidemiological research. More projects based on robust design are needed to ensure accurate and reliable data are collected from patients, families, communities and clinicians. Implications for practice: It is important for clinicians and nurses to understand the phenomenon of missing data and the strategies available to prevent missing data, to collect data representing the patients' and families' perspectives and experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined home country bias in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM). Bibliographic information of publications in the NEJM from 2000 to 2019 was collected as data. Bibliometric analyses were performed to investigate the number of papers with one or more US‐based authors in the NEJM and compare this to other journals. Citation counts of US‐based and non‐US papers were calculated and compared. The results show that US‐based papers account for 65.44% of the NEJM papers, and the US share of the NEJM papers has remained stable in the examined years whereas in other journals the percentage decreased. More importantly, US‐based papers in the NEJM display significantly lower research impact compared with non‐US papers. The results suggest that US‐based papers are favoured by the NEJM and a home country bias may exist in the publication process of the journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One method for disposing of old, damaged, or misprinted Qur’an pages is to burn them. Recently, there have been cases of al-Quran mushaf disposal management that do not comply with the maqasid of al-Quran text disposal as stipulated in established guidelines. Furthermore, the number of damaged al-Quran manuscripts is growing, making the collection site increasingly limited in capacity. To save money and space, it was discovered that some institutions in charge of disposal have delegated this task to unauthorized parties, such as non-Muslim parties, which disposed of al-Quran text at paper mills. Therefore, this article discusses the perspectives and evaluations of religious scholars on the methods used by Malaysian institutions to dispose of al-Quran text. Document analysis and interviews with the State Muftis of Selangor, Kelantan and Terengganu were used to collect data. It was done through semi-structured interviews and descriptive analysis. According to findings, the Malaysian government has implemented several methods. One method used is to burn it to ashes, bury it, and then wash it into the sea. Many authorised institutions carry out disposal in accordance with the established guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this academic paper is to discuss and illustrate the significant role and duties of a lecturer, a tutor and a teacher in the process of learning and explain their utmost contribution to the promotion of the students educationally, emotionally and ethically. At the beginning of the academic paper, a brief description has been explained to distinguish between the teacher and the lecturer and between the tutor and the instructor. Then, the duties and responsibilities of a lecturer, a tutor and a teacher have been clarified. It is recommended that teachers and lecturers should be real leaders to their students and encourage them to improve their standard of education and promote their personalities by adopting better qualities and ethics in their life. Educational centers are expected to give more emphasis on the importance of training teachers, lecturers and tutors in order to help them teach and react to students positively and efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global rise of data volume from Zettabyte to Yottabyte raises concerns about effectively managing its use and storage. One concern is dark data, which needs to be tapped and used for critical decision-making and insights generation. This phenomenon is a reality in the data economy that requires a solution through productization. The term data economy refers to the expanding economic activity centered around data collection, analysis, and sale. With the digitization of society and the exponential growth of the internet and social media, individuals, organizations, and society are continuously generating and collecting massive amounts of data. This data can be invaluable for companies and institutions to gain insights into customer behavior, market trends, and the performance of their businesses. Despite the scholarly literature that provides some insights, there remains a need for further exploration and clarification of the intersection between the data economy and productization. This study addresses these unresolved issues by thoroughly analyzing academic and industrial literature. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by extending the TTF (Task-Technology Fit) theory to conceptualize the relationship between data economy and productization. The study also proposes a comprehensive framework for countries, organizations, and institutions and offers theoretical and managerial implications. It is important to note that this study has its limitations, and future research should address these limitations and further advance the understanding in this research domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the creative thinking patterns of students contained in scientific papers. The method used is a qualitative research method. Sources of data in research are students and documents in the form of papers. There are three data collection techniques, namely (1) reading papers, (2) interviews, and (3) observation. The results of this study show a pattern of lateral thinking that appears in several developments of ideas. Then, there are still traditional thinking patterns. Factors that cause traditional thinking are (1) experience, (2) sources of information, (3) lack of confidence, and (4) willingness to learn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Delivery of major trauma care is complex and often fast paced. Clear and comprehensive documentation is paramount to support effective communication during complex clinical care episodes, and to allow collection of data for audit, research and continuous improvement. Clinical events are typically recorded on paper-based records that are developed for individual centres or systems. As one of the priorities laid out by the Scottish Trauma Network project was to develop an electronic data collection system, the TraumaApp was created as a data collection tool for major trauma that could be adopted worldwide.Methods: The study was performed as a service evaluation based at the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Emergency Department. Fifty staff members were recruited in pairs and listened to five paired major trauma standby and handover recordings. Participants were randomised to input data to the TraumaApp and one into the existing paper proforma. The time taken to input data add into was measured, along with time for clarifications and any errors made. Those using the app completed a System Usability Score.Results: No statistically significant difference was demonstrated between times taken for data entry for the digital and paper documentation, apart from the Case 5 Handover (p < 0.05). Case 1 showed a significantly higher time for clarifications and number of errors with digital data collection (p = 0.01 and p = 1.79E-05 respectively). There were no other differences between data for the app and the proforma. The mean System Usability score for this cohort was 75 out of 100, with a standard deviation of 17 (rounded to nearest integer).Conclusion: Digital real-time recording of clinical events using a tool such as the TraumaApp is comparable to completion of paper proforma. The System Usability Score for the TraumaApp was above the internationally validated standard of acceptable usability. There was no evidence of improvement in use over time or familiarity, most likely due to the brevity of the assessments and the refined user interface. This would benefit from further research, exploring data completeness and a potential mixed methods approach to explore training requirements for use of the TraumaApp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes diary studies as a methodological choice for addressing crucial questions in qualitative process research. Diary studies unearth within-individual relationships that capture individual experiences and sense-making of these experiences in a processual manner. Therefore, using diary studies not only addresses the need for more dynamic methodological designs in qualitative research, but is advantageous for providing a process view of how the individual engages with the constructs studied. While process-studies, studied longitudinally, are often fraught with challenges of attrition or disengagement, this paper discusses how a methodological choice which is perceived as being beneficial by the participant can sustain engagement and consequently, research rigour. On one hand, a comparison of interview and diary data from the same participants show evidence of memory decay in interviews and reinforce the rigour of diary studies in the study of processual phenomenon. On the other hand, this study also showcases how researcher know-how, unintentionally imparted through reflective and processual questions asked in the study positively impacts the participants, and when reflected on, enhanced learning. This paper therefore demonstrates the ability of a research method to benefit both the research and the researched, and suggests a step-by-step design to implement a rigorous and impactful diary study using user-friendly forms and reflective questioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to identify the opinions of the Egyptian academic medical elite in the treatment of news sites for preventive medicine crises (corona vaccine model) and their assessment of this treatment and their trends towards it. The study relied on the method of media survey and it used the tool of electronic and paper questionnaire to collect data. The Egyptian academic medical elite chose the site of the seventh day with a relative weight of (61) in the front of the sites that were keen to follow it in the treatment of the Corona vaccine, and then sky news Arabic at a relative weight (57), and then the website BBC Arabic at a relative weight (56), and also chose breaking news form first, which is keen to follow it in the treatment of corona vaccine at a relative weight of (80.3), and then live broadcast at a relative weight (62), and then news reports at a relative weight (61). (48.5%) of respondents considered corona vaccine treatment on news sites to be fairly in-depth, (37.9%) felt superficial, and (13.6%) felt it was in-depth. A statistically significant correlation between the assessment of the Egyptian academic medical elite to address corona vaccine news sites and the degree of follow-up to them has been established. A statistically significant correlation between the degree of follow-up of the Egyptian academic medical elite to treat corona vaccine on news sites and their levels of confidence has also been established, while a statistically significant correlation between the elite's follow-up score for corona vaccine treatment on news sites and the effects of follow-up has not been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this state-of-the-art review, the authors explore the recent advancements in the topics of learning curve models and their estimation methods for manual operations and processes as well as the data collection and monitoring technologies used for supporting these. This objective is achieved by answering the following three research questions: (RQ1) What calculation methods for estimating the learning curve of a worker exist in the recent scientific literature? (RQ2) What other usages are manufacturing enterprises giving to the modern learning curve prediction models according to the recent scientific literature? and (RQ3) What data collection and monitoring technologies exist to automatically acquire the data needed to create and continuously update the learning curve of an assembly operator? To do so, the PRISMA methodology for literature reviews was used, only including journal articles and conference papers referencing the topic of manual operations and processes, and to fulfil the criteria of a state-of-the-art review, only the literary corpus generated in the last five years (from 2017 to 2022) was reviewed. The scientific databases where the explorative research was carried out were Scopus and Web of Science. Such research resulted in 11 relevant journal articles and international conference papers, which were first reviewed, synthesized, and then compared. Four estimating methods were found for learning curves, and one recently developed learning curve model was found. As for the data collection and monitoring technologies, six frameworks were found and reviewed. Lastly, in the discussion, different areas of opportunity were found in the current state-of-the-art, mainly by combining the existing learning curve models and their estimation methods and feeding these with modern real-time data collection and monitoring frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study explores the everyday experiences of researchers in assessing their own and others' research, highlighting what "good" qualitative accounting research is from their perspectives. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis is based on interviews with accounting scholars from the UK, Germany, Italy, Spain and Australia, with diverse ethnic background and methodological preferences. Findings: Interviewees pointed to a plurality of practical, and to some extent tacit, ways in which they demonstrate and assess the quality of research, concerning "contribution", "consistency" and "confidence", with generalizability being seen as more controversial and difficult to attain. In general, interviewees highlighted the underlying ambiguity on what constitutes good research in the qualitative accounting community, contrasting it to the perceived stronger clarity to be found in the quantitative accounting community. This was seen as potentially strengthening the positions of "gatekeepers" in the accounting communities, and encouraging conformance and "signaling" behaviors, at the risk of hampering innovation. Originality/value: The main critical issues affecting qualitative research quality highlighted by interviewees concern the engagement with the world of practice, and with theory and literature, the importance of accounting for the analysis of qualitative data and for the messiness of the underlying process, and the implicit search for compliance with editors' and community's expectations and conventions. These findings suggest the need to continue debating how to assess the quality of qualitative research in everyday activities, and reflect on how to promote acceptance and openness to pluralism, in scientific communities, as well as in data collection, analysis, in the theorizing, and in connecting epistemology and methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Effect of scanner parameters on colorimetric detection of μPADs was evaluated. • Scanner settings, blank colour and image acquisition mode had the greatest effect. • Effect of the main μPAD characteristics on its colorimetric detection was studied. • μPAD covering (e.g., lamination) had the greatest effect. • Guidelines for optimal data acquisition and µPAD manipulation were proposed. Office style scanners are often used by researchers for the colorimetric detection in the development of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs). However, little attention has been paid to nuances in calibration curve responses caused by varying settings of a single image-capturing device. Hence, in this study, the effect of parameters, such as the scanner operation conditions, the method of data analysis used (e.g., choice of colour space system, suitable channel), and the influence of the physical characteristics of the µPAD (e.g., template colour, type of lamination pouches used) on the colorimetric detection were evaluated for the first time. Combinations of the scanning parameters were thoroughly examined and their impact on the quality of a mock calibration curve assessed. The most sensitive calibration curve was achieved only by the selection of the optimal scanning conditions combined with an appropriate choice of colorimetric system. A flatbed scanner, used in this study, showed greater variation of signal with varying scanning setup, whereas a portable scanner provided nearly identical responses under diverse scanning conditions. Gamma correction, scanning resolution, region of interest (ROI) surrounding colour (i.e., template colour), bit-depth, image file type, and the number of analysed pixels were found not to markedly affect the dynamics of the calibration curve when colour in the ROI is homogeneous. Parameters that had an effect on the colorimetric detection were the scanner settings, colour of the blank, image acquisition mode (colour vs greyscale), and µPAD covering (e.g., lamination). Based on these findings, generic guidelines for optimal data acquisition and µPAD manipulation with respect to µPAD calibration have been formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the professional writing of women in the transformation phase around 1800. Referring specifically to the woman of letters Helmina von Chézy (1783-1856) and her family, which participated in the literary market over four generations, it asks how authors could use paper(s) as assets or resources. It is shown that writersʼ papers were collected and kept as material evidence of life, that they could be an indicator of financial status and provide insight into financial practices, and that they were used particularly to position oneself (as a writer) and to relate to others. Within changing personal and historical contexts, the writing work of family members was based ultimately, in varying forms and shapes, on the logics of their social relations, lived as well as negotiated and recorded on paper. Thus, the papers used and inscribed in the family can be conceptualized as a multi-perspective kaleidoscope, offering new views on central aspects and mechanisms of writerly economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global science is set to experience different times in the 2020s. China surpasses the USA in terms of the number of scientific papers in 2020 in most scientific databases. This scenario is expected to have implications not only in East Asia but also beyond the region. Against this backdrop, this paper investigates the scientific influence of the US-China competition on six major Muslim-majority science systems. Multiple data sources are used to collect data for the bibliometric analyses, which include the trend analysis of collaboration patterns, discipline-based collaborations, authorship patterns for responsibility in collaborations, and citation premium of collaborations with the USA versus China. All the analyses consistently demonstrate that the USA is losing its scientific influence on the selected Muslim-majority science systems to China. Analysis results indicate an astonishing increase in collaborations with China-based scientists in the last decade. Half of the selected Muslim-majority science systems collaborate more with China-based scientists, whereas the other half collaborate more with the USA in 2021, indicating a fifty-fifty split. The collaborations with China-based authors garner higher citation premiums for the selected Muslim-majority science systems than the collaborations with the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-023-01833-8.Correction: BMC Med Res Methodol 23, 10 (2023)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-023-01833-8Following publication of the original article [[1]], the authors reported an error in the Fig. 4: the colours in the pie charts in Fig. 4 do not all correspond with the legend. See the Fig. 4 corrected.Graph: Fig. 4 Breakdown of total costs across the surveysThe original article [[1]] has been updated.By Siân Harrison; Fiona Alderdice and Maria A. QuigleyReported by Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

Background: The study tests the effects of data collection modes on patient responses associated with the multi-item measures such as Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement System (PROMIS®), and single-item measures such as Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE), and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) measures. Methods: Adult cancer patients were recruited from five cancer centers and administered measures of anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain intensity, pain interference, ability to participate in social roles and activities, global mental and physical health, and physical function. Patients were randomized to complete the measures on paper (595), interactive voice response (IVR, 596) system, or tablet computer (589). We evaluated differential item functioning (DIF) by method of data collection using the R software package, lordif. For constructs that showed no DIF, we concluded equivalence across modes if the equivalence margin, defined as ± 0.20 × pooled SD, completely surrounds 95% confidence intervals (CI's) for difference in mean score. If the 95% CI fell totally outside the equivalence margin, we concluded systematic score difference by modes. If the 95% CI partly overlaps the equivalence margin, we concluded neither equivalence nor difference. Results: For all constructs, no DIF of any kind was found for the three modes. The scores on paper and tablet were more comparable than between IVR and other modes but none of the 95% CI's were completely outside the equivalence margins, in which we established neither equivalence nor difference. Percentages of missing values were comparable for paper and tablet modes. Percentages of missing values were higher for IVR (2.3% to 6.5% depending on measures) compared to paper and tablet modes (0.7% to 3.3% depending on measures and modes), which was attributed to random technical difficulties experienced in some centers. Conclusion: Across all mode comparisons, there were some measures with CI's not completely contained within the margin of small effect. Two visual modes agreed more than visual-auditory pairs. IVR may induce differences in scores unrelated to constructs being measured in comparison with paper and tablet. The users of the surveys should consider using IVR only when paper and computer administration is not feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a product purity study of recycled Li-ion batteries with a focus on hydrometallurgical recycling processes. Firstly, a brief description of the current recycling status was presented based on the research data. Moreover, this work presented the influence of impurities such as Cu, Fe and Mg on recovered cathode materials performance. The impact of the impurities was described depending on their form (metallic or ionic) and concentration. This work also reviewed hydrometallurgical recycling processes depending on the recovered material, obtained purity and recovery methods. This purity data were obtained from both research and battery industry actors. Finally, the purity study was completed by collecting data regarding commercial battery-grade chemical compounds and active lithium cathode materials, including required purity levels and allowed impurity limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collection and use of data on climate change and its impacts are crucial for effective climate adaptation and climate risk management. The revolution in internet access, technology and costs has led to a shift from using traditional paper‐based data collection to the use of Mobile Data Collection using Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) such as smartphones and tablets. In this paper, we report our experiences using both approaches for a household and business survey during a climate adaptation study in two Nigerian cities—Makurdi and Calabar. The focus of this paper is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of using traditional paper‐based data collection and PDAs as data collection tools for climate change study in African societies. In Calabar, data were collected using paper questionnaires, while in Makurdi the questionnaires were developed on Open Data Kit (ODK) and administered using PDAs. Results show that data collection using PDA was faster, cheaper, more accurate and resulted in fewer omissions than paper‐based data collection. There was a time saving of four (4) minutes per questionnaire and a 24% cost saving when using PDA. PDA provides additional benefits where platforms can collect images, videos and coordinates. This significantly improved the credibility of the data collection process and provided further data that allowed for the mapping of environmental phenomena by linking survey research with geo‐referenced data in a geographic information systems platform to provide spatial representations of social and environmental system convergence. PDA offers a tool for collecting data that will make necessary socio‐environmental data available in a faster, reliable and cheaper manner; future research can build on this study by discovering other possible but less highlighted benefits of PDA. Although, with great benefits, there are lessons to be learnt and issues to consider when deploying PDA in large‐scale household surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With teams growing in all areas of scientiic and scholarly research, we explore the relationship between team structure and the character of knowledge they produce. Drawing on 89,575 self-reports of team member research activity underlying scientiic publications, we show how individual activities cohere into broad roles of 1) leadership through the direction and presentation of research and 2) support through data collection, analysis, and discussion.he hidden hierarchy of a scientiic team is characterized by its lead (or L) ratio of members playing leadership roles to total team size.he L ratio is validated through correlation with imputed contributions to the speciic paper and to science as a whole, which we use to efectively extrapolate the L ratio for 16,397,750 papers where roles are not explicit. We ind that, relative to lat, egalitarian teams, tall, hierarchical teams produce less novelty and more often develop existing ideas, increase productivity for those on top and decrease it for those beneath, and increase shortterm citations but decrease long-term inluence.hese efects hold within person--the same person on the same-sized team produces science much more likely to disruptively innovate if they work on a lat, high-L-ratio team.hese results suggest the critical role lat teams play for sustainable scientiic advance and the training and advancement of scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents TimelinePTC, a web-based tool developed to improve the collection and analysis of Pathways to Care (PTC) data in first episode psychosis (FEP) research. Accurately measuring the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is essential for effective FEP treatment, requiring detailed understanding of the patient's journey to care. However, traditional PTC data collection methods, mainly manual and paper-based, are time-consuming and often fail to capture the full complexity of care pathways. TimelinePTC addresses these limitations by providing a digital platform for collaborative, real-time data entry and visualization, thereby enhancing data accuracy and collection efficiency. Initially created for the Specialized Treatment Early in Psychosis (STEP) program in New Haven, Connecticut, its design allows for straightforward adaptation to other healthcare contexts, facilitated by its open-source codebase. The tool significantly simplifies the data collection process, making it more efficient and user-friendly. It automates the conversion of collected data into a format ready for analysis, reducing manual transcription errors and saving time. By enabling more detailed and consistent data collection, TimelinePTC has the potential to improve healthcare access research, supporting the development of targeted interventions to reduce DUP and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial interaction models with spatial origin-destination (OD) filters are powerful tools to characterize trip flows in space, which is a classic and important problem in regional science. To the authors' knowledge, existing studies adopting OD filters mostly specify the spatial dependence as an autoregressive process, which may not be the full picture of spatial effects. To examine the problem, this paper proposes the hypotheses that 1) spatial OD dependences can take place in both the spatial autoregressive term and the spatial error term in a spatial interaction model. 2) Estimating a spatial autoregressive model with spatial autoregressive disturbances (SARAR) model with OD filters would disentangle where the spatial dependence exists and by how much. 3) The marginal effects obtained from SARAR models would be preferred to analysts when SARAR models outperform spatial autoregressive (SAR) models and spatial error models (SEM) from the statistical point of view. To assess these hypotheses, this paper specifies, estimates, and applies SARAR models with OD filters to investigate trip distributions. By comparing against alternative models, this paper investigates the estimation results in SAR, SEM and SARAR models using an empirical data collected from Hangzhou, China. The contribution of this paper is to be the first in developing an SARAR model with OD filters for trip distribution analyses and examining its performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanide contamination in water and wastewater is ubiquitous, particularly in gold mining industries, where cyanide is commonly used to extract gold. It is constantly being monitored by collecting samples which are analyzed in the laboratory using traditional cyanide analysis, which requires complicated instrumentation, skilled analysts, and expensive equipment. Using the gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-decorated paper-based sensor employing Whatman Filter Paper (WFP) as a substrate, an automated process for cyanide monitoring with the aid of an assembled and improvised remotely controlled miniature boat was developed. The technology is equipped with a filtration system with automated water sample collection and preparation with an automatic paper sensor dispenser. Images of the collected wastewater samples are taken at different time intervals and are analyzed on their respective color spaces based on 8 mathematical models, each predicting the cyanide level of the water sample. The predictions are compared to the actual Ion- Selective Electrode (ISE) measurement, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values were calculated. The predictions at 165s using the Hue, Saturation, Value (HSV) color space exhibited the highest R2 of 0.85 and the lowest RMSE of 3.80 parts per million (ppm) with an average error of 3.40ppm. The predictions are sent to a database using Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). The results suggest that the CYANanobot technology facilitates fast analysis time, circumvents the frequent instrument calibration, reduces operating costs, minimizes exposure to toxic cyanide-containing samples, and reduces person-to-person interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Methodological problems have impeded successful epidemiological research into disorders of gut‐brain interactions (DGBI), as previous studies were limited in terms of study population, diagnostic criteria, number of disorders assessed, data collection methods, and geographic area. Most prevalence estimates were based on pooling data from heterogeneous studies using inappropriate pooling methods, seriously limiting the relevance of the results. The Rome Foundatiion Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES) aimed to rectify these limitations using rigorous methodology to survey the prevalence of 22 DGBI in large population samples in 33 countries. Its aims were to conduct a comprehensive, multinational epidemiological study using rigorous research methodology, gain a better understanding of the burden of the DGBI, gain reliable regional estimates of DGBI prevalence, and advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of IBS. The study questionnaire consisted of the 89‐item Rome IV Adult Diagnostic Questionnaire enabling the diagnosis of 22 DGBI, and an 80‐item supplemental questionnaire that enabled analyses of the association of multiple factors with DGBI diagnoses. Purpose for review article: This review paper introduces a special issue on the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology study (RFGES) with a narrative description of its conception, development, and implementation, its outcomes to date, and its potential contribution to neurogastroenterology. It includes 15 papers that reflect the range of RFGES studies from single country papers to intra‐regional studies, to inter‐regional studies, and one global study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a literature review that aimed at analyzing the use of Problem Structuring Methods in Social-Ecological Systems. These systems are formed at the interface between social and ecological systems, whose complexity is a feature and, therefore, complex problems are quite common. In the Operational Research realm, there is a class of methods that have been developed to deal with this type of problem, the Problem Structuring Methods. They seek to generate a shared understanding of complex problems from the perception of the involved actors, aiming at structuring them before solving them. Thus, it is reasonable to understand that these methods are suitable for handling complex problems in Social-Ecological Systems. This paper verified this statement through a literature review of 28 peer-reviewed papers. It contributes to both extant literature on Problem Structuring Methods and Social-Ecological Systems presenting where the interventions took place; the complex problems addressed; the Problem Structuring Methods applied, and the purpose of these methods in the interventions; the approaches used for collecting input data; the types of participants that participated of the interventions; as well as the main benefits and limitations of these methods in the interventions. It is concluded that Problem Structuring Methods are approaches that can be useful in dealing with complex problems in Social-Ecological Systems, their use should be encouraged, and some advances presented here can improve their application in these types of intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle (2010) is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)