Search

Zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn2S4), as a significant visible-light-responsive photocatalyst, has become a research hotspot to tackle energy demand and environmental issues owing to its excellent properties of high stability, easy fabrication, and remarkable catalytic activity. However, its drawbacks, including low utilization of solar light and fast photoinduced charge carriers, limit its applications. Promoting the response for near-infrared (NIR) light (~52% solar light) of ZnIn2S4-based photocatalysts is the primary challenge to overcome. In this review, various modulation strategies of ZnIn2S4 have been described, which include hybrid with narrow optical gap materials, bandgap engineering, up-conversion materials, and surface plasmon materials for enhanced NIR photocatalytic performance in the applications of hydrogen evolution, pollutants purification, and CO2 reduction. In addition, the synthesis methods and mechanisms of NIR light-driven ZnIn2S4-based photocatalysts are summarized. Finally, this review presents perspectives for future development of efficient NIR photon conversion of ZnIn2S4-based photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the effect of fiber orientation on the resistance of seepage-induced erosion in fiber-reinforced sand. To clarify the discrepancy and mechanism of different-oriented fibers improving the resistance of the sand matrix, a series of DEM-Darcy coupling simulations were conducted. The microscopic parameters of fiber-reinforced sand were confirmed by the rigorous calibration procedure. The fibers perpendicular to the seepage direction were found to increase the difficulty of moving fluid through the specimen and significantly reduce the erosion rate of the specimen. These macroscopic behaviors acquired corresponding explanations at the mesoscopic scale, including the evolution of fiber-sand contact orientation, coordination number, average normal contact force, tensile force, and energy dissipation. According to the simulation results, it is found that the highest proportion of tensile force in perpendicular fibers can reach 80%, while the parallel fibers are only 40%, which indicates that the perpendicular fibers have a significant netting effect. The mesoscopic behaviors reasonably revealed the role of the fibers with different orientations on the sand matrix during the seepage. This study is beneficial for further understanding the mechanical behaviors of fiber-reinforced sand under seepage-induced erosion in safety engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]