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Key Clinical Message: In this paper, we present a case of relieving severe itching caused by scabies with tofacitinib. We show that the tofacitinib can quickly alleviate the itching caused by scabies, and this case may indicate a new option for comprehensive treatment of scabies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Cyclohexanedodecol (CHD) could facilitate the Zn dendrite-free plating/stripping at a nanoscale. The CHD molecules could effectively modify the hydrated Zn(H2O)62+ structure in aqueous Zn ion batteries. The addition of CHD could establish robust protection layers on the Zn electrode surface. The CHD-modified electrolytes exhibit long-term cycling stability. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) can be one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage devices for being non-flammable, low-cost, and sustainable. However, the challenges of AZIBs, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation of zinc anode during charging and discharging processes, must be overcome to achieve high cycling performance and stability in practical applications. In this work, we utilize a dual-functional organic additive cyclohexanedodecol (CHD) to firstly establish [Zn(H2O)5(CHD)]2+ complex ion in an aqueous Zn electrolyte and secondly build a robust protection layer on the Zn surface to overcome these dilemmas. Systematic experiments and theoretical calculations are carried out to interpret the working mechanism of CHD. At a very low concentration of 0.1 mg mL−1 CHD, long-term reversible Zn plating/stripping could be achieved up to 2200 h at 2 mA cm−2, 1000 h at 5 mA cm−2, and 650 h at 10 mA cm−2 at the fixed capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. When matched with V2O5 cathode, the resultant AZIBs full cell with the CHD-modified electrolyte presents a high capacity of 175 mAh g−1 with the capacity retention of 92% after 2000 cycles under 2 A g−1. Such a performance could enable the commercialization of AZIBs for applications in grid energy storage and industrial energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagenetic fluids is one of the most important reservoir modifiers, their differences can result in various petrography, storage capacity, and geochemical characteristics, so clarifying the diagenetic fluids is vital for understanding dolostone origin. Dolomitization is an important genetic type of dolostone reservoir, the fluid properties differ in different dolomitization, which may lead to reservoir storage capacity changes. Therefore, the identification of dolomitization fluid properties is critical for deeply understanding of dolomitization process and predicting storage capacity. Two types of dolostone are developed in submember Ma55 of Majiagou Formation in northwestern Ordos Basin, with obviously different petrological characteristics and reservoir properties. On the basis of petrological studies such as core and casting thin section observation and cathodoluminescence analysis, the diagenetic fluid properties of these two dolostone are characterized by geochemical analytical methods such as major and trace element tests. The results show that Type-1 dolostone is mainly composed of micritic dolomite, showing micritic structure and algae-rich lamina structure, and accompanied by evaporite minerals and moldic pores. This type of dolostone has a various Mn content, weak to medium cathodoluminescence intensity, high contents of TiO2, Al2O3, K2O+Na2O, Li, and U, and lower content of TFe2O3. The type-2 dolostone is composed of fine-grained dolomite with obvious residual texture of primary limestone, clear brim, and cloudy center structure, accompanied by the existence of intergranular pores. Most of this kind of dolostone have medium-strong cathodoluminescence, higher TFe2O3 content and lower TiO2, Al2O3, K2O+Na2O, Li, and U contents. Moreover, both the two types of dolostone have similar Fe/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios, and a low and concentrated CaO content, whose composition is similar to that of stoichiometric dolomite. The comprehensive analysis shows that the diagenetic fluid of Type-1 dolostone is mainly a high salinity fluid existed in plaster and calcareous sediments in a near surface environment with low temperature. The diagenetic fluid of Type-2 dolostone may be a high salinity brine formed by evaporation and concentration of seawater with normal salinity. The research results will provide a significant theoretical basis for the evaluation of dolostone reservoir quality and the prediction of favorable areas of reservoir distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Prurigo nodularis is frequently difficult to manage with conventional therapy. Given the pathogenesis and refractory nature, we demonstrate a case in which inhibition of JAK–STAT signaling may significantly improve prurigo nodularis. Based on the results, we would like to draw a conclusion that abrocitinib as an inhibitor of Jak is a promising choice for the treatment of prurigo nodularis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Janus electrospun fibers were designed based on all-natural materials. • Multifunctional Janus electrospun fibers were prepared by electrospinning. • Janus electrospun fibers prevent liquid penetration for 17 days. • Multibody dissipative particle dynamics elucidated liquid infiltration mechanism. The liquid barrier is a central component of functional liquid packaging materials and is crucial for encapsulating liquid food. To develop high-performance liquid packaging materials for the long-term storage of liquid food, a strong and stable liquid barrier and the simultaneous integration of diverse functionalities must be realized. In this study, inspired by mussel adhesion proteins, nanoparticles are synthesized through oxidative self-polymerization. Furthermore, electrostatic spinning is used for creating multifunctional electrospun fibers for liquid food packaging, which is inspired by the superhydrophobicity of lotus leaf surface and structures of red blood cells. A unique Janus structure with a thin hydrophilic layer and a thick hydrophobic layer prevents liquid food penetration for 12 (EHN/KN electrospun fibers) and 17 days (KN/EHN electrospun fibers). The liquid infiltration mechanism of Janus electrospun fibers is elucidated using the multibody dissipative particle dynamics method, emphasizing their efficacy in avoiding liquid penetration. Moreover, multifunctional KN/EHN electrospun fibers exhibit remarkable characteristics such as water resistance (water contact angle > 150°), UV-blocking (∼100 %), degradability (70 days in soil), biosafety (∼100 %), antioxidation (> 90 %), antimicrobial (∼100 %), grapes and meat freshness retention properties. Thus, this study provides insights into sustainable, high-performance liquid food packaging for enhanced preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design strategies for the catalytic materials, including defect engineering, morphology engineering, and catalyst compositing, facilitate sulfur supercooling, fast charge transfer, thiosulfate generation, disulfide bond cleavage, tuneable Li 2 S growth, and Li 2 S decomposition enhancement, thereby addressing the challenges of the LSB in terms of high energy barrier and low conductivity of S 8 and Li 2 S, severe polysulfide shuttling and high polarization of Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S deposition. [Display omitted] Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are attractive candidates for post-lithium-ion battery technologies because of their ultrahigh theoretical energy density and low cost of active cathode materials. However, the commercialization of LSBs remains extremely challenging primarily due to poor cycling performance and safety concerns, which are inherently caused by low conductivity of S 8 and Li 2 S, severe polysulfide shuttling, and high polarization by solid Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S deposition. Catalytic materials could facilitate the large-scale practical application of LSBs by overcoming all these challenges. In this review, we investigate the sulfur species evolution in LSBs and explore the roles of catalytic materials in charge/discharge processes, highlighting the catalysis of solid S 8 to liquid polysulfides and solid Li 2 S 2 to Li 2 S. Furthermore, we offer systematic strategies from atomic to macro levels, including defect engineering, morphology engineering and catalyst compositing, to enhance catalysis efficiency in terms of sulfur supercooling, fast charge transfer, thiosulfate generation, disulfide bond cleavage, tuneable Li 2 S growth and Li 2 S decomposition enhancement. The design and availability of the proposed catalytic materials will further advance LSB technology from coin cells and pouch cells to the subsequent commercialization scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CAR-like membrane protein (CLMP) is a tight junction-associated protein whose mutation is associated with congenital short bowel syndrome (CSBS), but its functions in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CLMP is rarely mutated but significantly decreased in CRC patients, and its deficiency accelerates CRC tumorigenesis, growth, and resistance to all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Mechanistically, CLMP recruits β-catenin to cell membrane, independent of cadherin proteins. CLMP-mediated β-catenin translocation inactivates Wnt(Wingless and INT-1)/β-catenin signaling, thereby suppressing CRC tumorigenesis and growth in Apc Min/+ , azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS), and orthotopic CRC mouse models. As a direct target of Wnt/β-catenin, cytochrome P450 hydroxylase A1 (CYP26A1)—an enzyme that degrades ATRA to a less bioactive retinoid—is upregulated by CLMP deficiency, resulting in ATRA-resistant CRC that can be reversed by administering CYP26A1 inhibitor. Collectively, our data identify the anti-CRC role of CLMP and suggest that CYP26A1 inhibitor enable to boost ATRA's therapeutic efficiency. [Display omitted] • CLMP is downregulated in CRC, and CLMP deficiency enhances colorectal carcinogenesis • CLMP inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling by recruiting β-catenin to the cell membrane • CLMP suppresses CYP26A1-mediated ATRA degradation • CYP26A1 inhibitor enhances the suppressive effect of ATRA on CRC treatment Wu and Zhang et al. identify that CAR-like membrane protein (CLMP) functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC. Mechanistically, CLMP recruits β-catenin to the cell membrane, thereby suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reducing the expression of CYP26A1, which degrades ATRA into less bioactive retinoid, consequently enhancing the response of CRC to ATRA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tight carbonate reservoir was controlled by various geological factors, and such factors played different roles in buried depths and formations. Therefore, studies related to the factors controlling carbonate reservoir distribution are of great significance for the prediction and evaluation of high-quality dolostone reservoirs. In this paper, we focus on the controlling factor of the submember Ma55 dolostone reservoir in the western Ordos Basin. The main rock types, reservoir pores, physical properties, and pore structure characteristics of the reservoir were analyzed by thin section identification, physical property analysis, and mercury injection, respectively. Then, the main controlling factors of reservoir development were comprehensively analyzed from the perspectives of palaeostructure, lithofacies palaeogeography, diagenesis, and diagenetic facies. The results show that two kinds of dolostone reservoirs in the submember Ma55 developed in the western Ordos Basin, including intercrystalline pore-type and dissolution pore-type. The former reservoir is primarily characterized by powder-fine dolostone with residual structure, dolomite intercrystalline pore, and micropore with porosity ranging from 2% to 11%. There are three types of pore structures developed in it, such as macropore-medium throat-single peak (MAMS), macropore-fine throat-single peak (MAFS), and medium pore-fine throat-single peak (MEFS). The latter reservoir is mainly featured by powdery crystalline dolostone with gypsum and halite dissolution, moldic pore, and dissolved pore between breccias with a porosity greater than 5%. It consists of two types of pore structures, such as macropore-fine throat-single peak (MAFS) and medium pore-coarse throat-multipeak (MECM). The intercrystalline pore-type dolostone reservoir is mainly controlled by the lithofacies palaeogeographic environment and diagenesis. In specific, the shoal microfacies at the edge of the platform and the active reflux seepage dolomitization are the basic sedimentary environment conditions for reservoir formation and the key to reservoir formation, respectively. The dissolution pore-type dolostone reservoir is primarily influenced by both paleostructure and diagenesis. The relatively high part of the paleostructure provides favorable conditions for the formation of evaporate minerals, and early freshwater dissolution is the key to reservoir formation. This research will provide a theoretical basis for forecasting the favorable distribution areas of different types of dolostone reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients with arthralgia at risk for osteoarthritis (OA) or arthritis. Methods: This study included 368 pSS patients admitted to a mono-centric from March 2010 to December 2020. Patients were divided into groups according to whether complicated with OA or arthritis. Data were analyzed to determine the differences in demographical characteristics, symptoms, and laboratory examination. Results: The involvement of the OA joints was predominately knee and spine sites (including cervical and lumbar spine degeneration). When diagnosing arthritis, it was mainly peripheral symmetric polyarthritis, the most affected sites were the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints. There were significant differences in age, disease duration, uric acid (UA), and total cholesterol (TC) between pSS-OA and pSS-nOA patients (P < 0.050). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR = 1.965; P = 0.009) and joint pain (OR = 3.382; P < 0.001) were dangerous factors associated with OA. Interestingly, although the level of UA, TC, and triglycerides (TG) was shown to be positive with OA, there was no statistical significance after the OR was computed in the four-cell table. In pSS-arthritis, EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) (P = 0.011), the frequency of joint pain (P < 0.001), and muscular involvement (P = 0.037) were higher than non-arthritis group. In pSS patients only presenting with joint pain, arthritis patients had higher ESSDAI and system involvements, but lower UA and TG levels compared with OA group (P < 0.050). Conclusion: In pSS patients with arthralgia, OA accounted for the majority. pSS patients with advanced age and more pronounced metabolic characteristics, such as elevated blood lipids and uric acid, was a key factor in groups at risk for OA. However, arthritis patients had higher rates of dry mouth and eye, higher disease activity, antibodies positive, and more organs damage. In the future, it may be necessary to be more cautious in the diagnosis of joint manifestations in pSS patients in order to make the appropriate treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates and compares large-scale moisture and heat budgets over the eastern rainy sea area around Dongsha, the western rainless sea area around Xisha, and the northern coastland of the South China Sea. Ten-year (2011–20) surface, balloon-sounding, satellite measurements, and ERA5 reanalysis are merged into the physically consistent data to study annual and vertical variations of the budgets. It shows that the surface and column-integrated heat and moisture budgets have the smallest annual evolution over the coastland. The latent heat as a key heat contributor in summer is mainly offset by total cold advection and partially offset by net radiative cooling. The horizontal moisture advection below 700 hPa presents moistening over the sea whereas drying over the coastland during rainy months, in which the vertical moisture advection presents moistening up to 250 hPa for all three subregions. The horizontal temperature advection is weak throughout the year over the sea but displays strong top warming and bottom cooling in summer and nearly the opposite in winter over the coastland. The diabatic cooling with a peak at ∼700 hPa in winter is largely due to the enhanced radiative cooling and latent cooling. While the diabatic heating with a peak at ∼500 hPa in summer is largely due to the enhanced latent heating. The earliest atmospheric heating and moistening occur in spring over the coastland, inducing the earliest precipitation increase. The enhanced heating and moistening over Xisha have a 1-month lag relative to Dongsha, resulting in lagging precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: The state-of-the-art development in electrochemical H2O2 production via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction is reviewed with emphasis on material science, reaction mechanisms, and fundamental factors that govern the reaction route. General principles and strategies for catalyst design are summarized to understand the inherent relationships between the catalyst properties and electrocatalytic performances. Perspectives and challenges are presented to get insights into the large-scale manufacturing of H2O2 via the electrochemical routes. An environmentally benign, sustainable, and cost-effective supply of H2O2 as a rapidly expanding consumption raw material is highly desired for chemical industries, medical treatment, and household disinfection. The electrocatalytic production route via electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) offers a sustainable avenue for the on-site production of H2O2 from O2 and H2O. The most crucial and innovative part of such technology lies in the availability of suitable electrocatalysts that promote two-electron (2e–) ORR. In recent years, tremendous progress has been achieved in designing efficient, robust, and cost-effective catalyst materials, including noble metals and their alloys, metal-free carbon-based materials, single-atom catalysts, and molecular catalysts. Meanwhile, innovative cell designs have significantly advanced electrochemical applications at the industrial level. This review summarizes fundamental basics and recent advances in H2O2 production via 2e–-ORR, including catalyst design, mechanistic explorations, theoretical computations, experimental evaluations, and electrochemical cell designs. Perspectives on addressing remaining challenges are also presented with an emphasis on the large-scale synthesis of H2O2 via the electrochemical route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a naturally occurring macromolecular polysaccharide that exhibits remarkable film–forming and gel–forming properties, and a high degree of biocompatibility and biodegradability. The helical structure of KGM is maintained by the acetyl group, which plays a crucial role in preserving its structural integrity. Various degradation methods, including the topological structure, can enhance the stability of KGM and improve its biological activity. Recent research has focused on modifying KGM to enhance its properties, utilizing multi–scale simulation, mechanical experiments, and biosensor research. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the structure and properties of KGM, recent advancements in non–alkali thermally irreversible gel research, and its applications in biomedical materials and related areas of research. Additionally, this review outlines prospects for future KGM research, providing valuable research ideas for follow–up experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis, characterization and application of the polymers with functional pendant groups have always been hot topics in the polymer field. A kind of functional polybutadiene (HTPB) derivative containing anthryl and azide groups was synthesized by anthracenic acid and HTPB in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and sodium azide via an electrophilic reaction. Furthermore, the HTPB derivative N 3 -HTPB-AN as a macromolecular main chain was reacted with alkynyl-terminated polytetrahydrofuran (Alk-PTHF) and maleimide-terminated polyethylene glycol (Mal-PEG) through "azide-alkyne" and "Diels-Alder" click reaction to obtain a bottle-brush polymer with the HTPB as the main chain and polytetrahydrofuran and polyethylene glycol as the side chains by one-pot. The bottle-brush polymer could self-assemble into uniform nanommicelles in aqueous solution. Meanwhile, the photoregulated fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) exhibited by the interaction of the micelles assembled by the bottle-brush polymer in water with the dye was studied. • A kind of functional HTPBderivative containing anthryl and azide groups was synthesized via an electrophilic reaction. • The functional HTPB derivative can be further synthesized a bottle-brush polymer through click reaction by one-pot. • The bottle-brush polymer can self-assemble into uniform nanomicelles in water and be used as an efficient light-harvesting carrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Multiple system and organ damage occurs with the continuous progression of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and the lack of specific drugs against this disease is a huge challenge. White peony (WP), a widely used traditional Chinese herb, has been confirmed to have a therapeutic value in pSS. However, the specific mechanisms of WP in the treatment of pSS are unknown. Methods. The active ingredients and their targets in WP were searched on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and disease-related targets were collected from GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The overlapping targets were acquired by taking the intersection. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was structured using the STRING database. A disease-drug-ingredient-target (D-D-I-T) network was built using Cytoscape software. By filtering twice, core targets were acquired. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were accompanied by R packages. Finally, molecular docking was used to verify the abovementioned results. Results. In total, we screened 88 WP-related targets, 1480 pSS-related targets, and 32 overlapping targets. D-D-I-T Network analysis displayed six main active ingredients of WP, which played a significant therapeutic role in pSS. Further topological analysis selected seven core target genes, including IL-6, TNF, PPARγ, AKT1, CASP3, NOS3, and JUN. GO and KEGG analysis were used to elucidate pharmacological mechanisms, mainly acting in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Molecular docking proved that paeoniflorin bound well with core targets. Conclusion. Our study revealed that IL-6, TNF, AKT1, CASP3, NOS3, and JUN may be pathogenic target genes, and PPARγ may be a protective target gene. The main active ingredients of WP mainly played a therapeutic role via the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. These findings provide a fundamental and theoretical basis for the clinical application of WP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of obesity‐related metabolic dysfunction involves the development of systemic inflammation, largely mediated by macrophages. Switching of M1‐like adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) to M2‐like ATMs, a population of macrophages associated with weight loss and insulin sensitivity, is considered a viable therapeutic strategy for obesity‐related metabolic syndrome. However, mechanisms for reestablishing the polarization of ATMs remain elusive. This study demonstrates that CD146+ ATMs accumulate in adipose tissue during diet‐induced obesity and are associated with increased body weight, systemic inflammation, and obesity‐induced insulin resistance. Inactivating the macrophage CD146 gene or antibody targeting of CD146 alleviates obesity‐related chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Macrophage CD146 interacts with Glycoprotein 130 (Gp130), the common subunit of the receptor signaling complex for the interleukin‐6 family of cytokines. CD146/Gp130 interaction promotes pro‐inflammatory polarization of ATMs by activating JNK signaling and inhibiting the activation of STAT3, a transcription factor for M2‐like polarization. Disruption of their interaction by anti‐CD146 antibody or interleukin‐6 steers ATMs toward anti‐inflammatory polarization, thus attenuating obesity‐induced chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in mice. The results suggest that macrophage CD146 is an important determinant of pro‐inflammatory polarization and plays a pivotal role in obesity‐induced metabolic dysfunction. CD146 could constitute a novel therapeutic target for obesity complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The epigenetic regulator additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) is an adverse prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the mutational spectrum and prognostic factors of ASXL1-mutated (ASXL1+) AML are largely unknown. We aim to evaluate the risk factors influencing the prognosis of ASXL1+ AML. Methods: We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 1047 cases of de novo AML and discovered 91 ASXL1+ AML (8.7%). The Log-Rank test and Kaplan-Meier were used to evaluate survival rate, and the Cox regression model was used to analyze multivariate analysis. Results: In a total of 91 ASXL1+ AML, 86% had one or more co-mutations. The factors that had adverse impact on overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) are defined as high risk factors, including age ≥ 60 years, WBC count ≥ 50 × 109/L, FLT3-ITD mutations, RUNX1 mutations, and absence of AML1-ETO fusion gene. ASXL1 mutations without any risk factor were classified as single-hit ASXL1+ AML; ASXL1 mutations accompanied with one of the risk factors was referred to as double-hit ASXL1+ AML; ASXL1 mutations with two or more of the risk factors were designated as triple-hit ASXL1+ AML. The combination of these risk factors had a negative influence on the prognosis of ASXL1+ AML. The median OS was not attained in single-hit ASXL1+ AML, 29.53 months in double-hit ASXL1+ AML, and 6.67 months in triple-hit ASXL1+ AML (P = 0.003). The median EFS was not attained in single-hit ASXL1+ AML, 29.53 months in double-hit ASXL1+ AML, and 5.47 months in triple-hit ASXL1+ AML (P = 0.002). Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) improved the prognosis of double/triple-hit ASXL1+ AML patients. Conclusions: Our study provided new insights into the mutational spectrum and prognostic factors of ASXL1+ AML patients. Our primary data suggest that the risk factors in ASXL1+ AML contribute to the poor outcome of these patients. The management of ASXL1+ AML patients should be based on the risk factors and allo-HSCT is highly recommended for consolidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasizes mainly to the liver, which accounts for the majority of CRC‐related deaths. Here it is shown that metastatic cells undergo specific chromatin remodeling in the liver. Hepatic growth factor (HGF) induces phosphorylation of PU.1, a pioneer factor, which in turn binds and opens chromatin regions of downstream effector genes. PU.1 increases histone acetylation at the DPP4 locus. Precise epigenetic silencing by CRISPR/dCas9KRAB or CRISPR/dCas9HDAC revealed that individual PU.1‐remodeled regulatory elements collectively modulate DPP4 expression and liver metastasis growth. Genetic silencing or pharmacological inhibition of each factor along this chromatin remodeling axis strongly suppressed liver metastasis. Therefore, microenvironment‐induced epimutation is an important mechanism for metastatic tumor cells to grow in their new niche. This study presents a potential strategy to target chromatin remodeling in metastatic cancer and the promise of repurposing drugs to treat metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) are involved in tumor progression and the immune modulation process and mediate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment. Although exosomes are considered promising liquid biomarkers for disease diagnosis, it is difficult to discriminate TEXs and to develop TEX-based predictive biomarkers.Methods: In this study, the gene expression profiles and clinical information were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, IMvigor210 cohorts, and six independent Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. A TEXs-associated signature named TEXscore was established to predict overall survival in multiple cancer types and in patients undergoing immune checkpoint blockade therapies.Results: Based on exosome-associated genes, we first constructed a tumor-derived exosome signature named TEXscore using a principal component analysis algorithm. In single-cell RNA-sequencing data analysis, ascending TEXscore was associated with disease progression and poor clinical outcomes. In the TCGA Pan-Cancer cohort, TEXscore was elevated in tumor samples rather than in normal tissues, thereby serving as a reliable biomarker to distinguish cancer from non-cancer sources. Moreover, high TEXscore was associated with shorter overall survival across 12 cancer types. TEXscore showed great potential in predicting immunotherapy response in melanoma, urothelial cancer, and renal cancer. The immunosuppressive microenvironment characterized by macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells was associated with high TEXscore in the TCGA and immunotherapy cohorts. Besides, TEXscore-associated miRNAs and gene mutations were also identified. Further experimental research will facilitate the extending of TEXscore in tumor-associated exosomes.Conclusions: TEXscore capturing tumor-derived exosome features might be a robust biomarker for prognosis and treatment responses in independent cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• EBV infection increases the risk of autoimmune disease and lymphoma. • Infection with EBV contributes to the pathophysiology of pSS. • Mechanisms of EBV infection cause an increased risk of lymphoma in individuals with pSS. Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that targets exocrine glands, leading to exocrine dysfunction. Due to its propensity to infect epithelial and B cells, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is hypothesized to be related with pSS. Through molecular mimicry, the synthesis of specific antigens, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, EBV contributes to the development of pSS. Lymphoma is the most lethal outcome of EBV infection and the development of pSS. As a population-wide virus, EBV has had a significant role in the development of lymphoma in people with pSS. In the review, we will discuss the possible causes of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional heterogeneous polycrystalline layered oxides suffer from serious chemo-mechanical degradations, which is extremely true in nickel-rich cathodes under high-voltage operation. Although single-crystalline structure is proved to be able to withstand anisotropic lattice strain and prevent cracks formation, the long cycle stability at high-voltage in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with nickel-rich layered oxides as the cathode are still far from commercial applications. Herein, we synthesize a micro-sized single-crystalline nickel-rich oxides LiNi 0.83 Co 0.11 Mn 0.06 O 2 (SC–N83) to eliminate the chemo-mechanical failures. The well-dispersed SC-N83 in the ASSBs delivers an excellent cyclic stability under high-voltage (4.4 V vs Li/Li+) operation, which shows a capacity retention of 85.1% after 500 cycles at 0.5C. Even at high active areal loading of 22.6 cm−2 (corresponding to an initial areal capacity of 4.19 mAh cm−2) and high temperature of 50 °C, the SC-N83 cathodes can still maintain 75.5% discharge capacity after 200 cycles at 0.5C. The high cycling stability is further proved to be attributed to dramatically suppressed mechanical failure caused by the build-up of strain and stress. This proposed strategy with highly dispersed single-crystalline nickel-rich oxides paves the way to develop advanced high-capacity and high-voltage operating ASSBs. [Display omitted] • Single-crystalline Ni-rich oxides against chemo-mechanical failure at high voltage. • Long life cathodes (85.1% after 500 cycles at 0.5C) at high voltage operation. • A practical cathode with the areal capacity of 4.19 mAh cm−2 is fabricated. • Excellent fast charge capability (142.9 mAh g−1 at 5 C and 50 °C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]