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113 results on '"Shah, Amar"'

1. Contemporary and Emerging MRI Strategies for Assessing Kidney Allograft Complications: Arterial Stenosis and Parenchymal Injury, From the AJR Special Series on Imaging of Fibrosis.

Author

Bane, Octavia, Lewis, Sara, Lim, Ruth, Carney, Benjamin, Shah, Amar, and Fananapazir, Ghaneh

Subjects
MRI, allograft, kidney, transplant, Humans, Constriction, Pathologic, Kidney, Fibrosis, Kidney Diseases, Graft Rejection, Allografts, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Abstract

MRI plays an important role in the evaluation of kidney allografts for vascular complications as well as parenchymal insults. Transplant renal artery stenosis, the most common vascular complication of kidney transplant, can be evaluated by MRA using gadolinium and nongadolinium contrast agents as well as by unenhanced MRA techniques. Parenchymal injury occurs through a variety of pathways, including graft rejection, acute tubular injury, BK polyomavirus infection, drug-induced interstitial nephritis, and pyelonephritis. Investigational MRI techniques have sought to differentiate among these causes of dysfunction as well as to assess the degree of interstitial fibrosis or tubular atrophy (IFTA)-the common end pathway for all of these processes-which is currently evaluated by invasively obtained core biopsies. Some of these MRI sequences have shown promise in not only assessing the cause of parenchymal injury but also assessing IFTA noninvasively. This review describes current clinically used MRI techniques and previews promising investigational MRI techniques for assessing complications of kidney grafts.

Published
2024

2. An Eager Satisfiability Modulo Theories Solver for Algebraic Datatypes

Author

Shah, Amar, Mora, Federico, and Seshia, Sanjit A.

Subjects
Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Programming Languages
Abstract

Algebraic data types (ADTs) are a construct classically found in functional programming languages that capture data structures like enumerated types, lists, and trees. In recent years, interest in ADTs has increased. For example, popular programming languages, like Python, have added support for ADTs. Automated reasoning about ADTs can be done using satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solving, an extension of the Boolean satisfiability problem with constraints over first-order structures. Unfortunately, SMT solvers that support ADTs do not scale as state-of-the-art approaches all use variations of the same \emph{lazy} approach. In this paper, we present an SMT solver that takes a fundamentally different approach, an \emph{eager} approach. Specifically, our solver reduces ADT queries to a simpler logical theory, uninterpreted functions (UF), and then uses an existing solver on the reduced query. We prove the soundness and completeness of our approach and demonstrate that it outperforms the state-of-theart on existing benchmarks, as well as a new, more challenging benchmark set from the planning domain.

Published
2023

4. Optimal control for sampling the transition path process and estimating rates

Author

Yuan, Jiaxin, Shah, Amar, Bentz, Channing, and Cameron, Maria

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

Many processes in nature such as conformal changes in biomolecules and clusters of interacting particles, genetic switches, mechanical or electromechanical oscillators with added noise, and many others are modeled using stochastic differential equations with small white noise. The study of rare transitions between metastable states in such systems is of great interest and importance. The direct simulation of rare transitions is difficult due to long waiting times. Transition path theory is a mathematical framework for the quantitative description of rare events. Its crucial component is the committor function, the solution to a boundary value problem for the backward Kolmogorov equation. The key fact exploited in this work is that the optimal controller constructed from the committor leads to the generation of transition trajectories exclusively. We prove this fact for a broad class of stochastic differential equations. Moreover, we demonstrate that the committor computed for a dimensionally reduced system and then lifted to the original phase space still allows us to construct an effective controller and estimate the transition rate with reasonable accuracy. Furthermore, we propose an all-the-way-through scheme for computing the committor via neural networks, sampling the transition trajectories, and estimating the transition rate without meshing the space. We apply the proposed methodology to four test problems: the overdamped Langevin dynamics with Mueller's potential and the rugged Mueller potential in 10D, the noisy bistable Duffing oscillator, and Lennard-Jones-7 in 2D.

Published
2023

9. The Advancing Mental Health Equality Collaborative: Using Quality Improvement to Advance Equality in Mental Health Care – CORRIGENDUM

Author

de Bono, Adele, primary, Milarski, Matt, additional, Souza, Renata, additional, Akhtar, Saiqa, additional, Bevan, Rosana, additional, Cannon, Emily, additional, Ayers, Tom, additional, Aya, Viviana, additional, Arundell, Laura-Louise, additional, Farmer, Mark, additional, Burgess, Meera, additional, Smith, Lade, additional, Mohan, Rajesh, additional, and Shah, Amar, additional

Published
2023
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10. Quality of active case-finding for tuberculosis in India: a national level secondary data analysis

Author

Shewade, Hemant Deepak, primary, Kiruthika, G., additional, Ravichandran, Prabhadevi, additional, Iyer, Swati, additional, Chowdhury, Aniket, additional, Kiran Pradeep, S., additional, Jeyashree, Kathiresan, additional, Devika, S., additional, Chadwick, Joshua, additional, Wesley Vivian, Jeromie, additional, Tumu, Dheeraj, additional, Shah, Amar N., additional, Vadera, Bhavin, additional, Roddawar, Venkatesh, additional, Mattoo, Sanjay K., additional, Rade, Kiran, additional, Rao, Raghuram, additional, and Murhekar, Manoj V., additional

Published
2023
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13. Cross-sectional study evaluating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on Long COVID outcomes in UK hospital survivors

Author

Saigal, Anita, primary, Nagoda Niklewicz, Camila, additional, Naidu, Sindhu Bhaarrati, additional, Bintalib, Heba M, additional, Shah, Amar Jitu, additional, Seligmann, George, additional, Hunter, Alan Stewart, additional, Wey, Emmanuel, additional, Abubakar, Ibrahim, additional, Mahungu, Tabitha, additional, Miller, David, additional, Barnett, Joseph, additional, Jain, Neel Gautam, additional, Brill, Simon, additional, Goldring, James, additional, Jarvis, Hannah, additional, Smith, Colette, additional, Ogbonnaya, Chibueze, additional, Hurst, John R, additional, Lipman, Marc C I, additional, and Mandal, Swapna, additional

Published
2023
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14. A mixed methods evaluation of a differentiated care model piloted for TB care in south India

Author

Washington, Reynold, primary, Ramanaik, Satyanarayana, additional, Kumarasamy, Karthikeyan, additional, Sreenivasa, Prarthana B, additional, Adepu, Rajesham, additional, Reddy, Ramesh Chandra, additional, Shah, Amar, additional, Swamickan, Reuben, additional, Maryala, Bala Krishna, additional, Mukherjee, Aparna, additional, Pujar, Ashwini, additional, Panibatla, Vikas, additional, Lakkappa, Mohan Harnahalli, additional, and Potty, Rajaram Subramanian, additional

Published
2023
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17. Recovery of Meteorites Using an Autonomous Drone and Machine Learning

Author

Citron, Robert I., Jenniskens, Peter, Watkins, Christopher, Sinha, Sravanthi, Shah, Amar, Raissi, Chedy, Devillepoix, Hadrien, and Albers, Jim

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

The recovery of freshly fallen meteorites from tracked and triangulated meteors is critical to determining their source asteroid families. However, locating meteorite fragments in strewn fields remains a challenge with very few meteorites being recovered from the meteors triangulated in past and ongoing meteor camera networks. We examined if locating meteorites can be automated using machine learning and an autonomous drone. Drones can be programmed to fly a grid search pattern and take systematic pictures of the ground over a large survey area. Those images can be analyzed using a machine learning classifier to identify meteorites in the field among many other features. Here, we describe a proof-of-concept meteorite classifier that deploys off-line a combination of different convolution neural networks to recognize meteorites from images taken by drones in the field. The system was implemented in a conceptual drone setup and tested in the suspected strewn field of a recent meteorite fall near Walker Lake, Nevada., Comment: 16 pages, 9 Figures

Published
2021
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19. Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and patient support groups, southern India/Resultats des traitements contre la tuberculose et groupes d'entraide entre patients en Inde du Sud/Desenlaces del tratamiento de la tuberculosis y grupos de apoyo a los pacientes en el sur de la India

Author

Potty, Rajaram Subramanian, Kumarasamy, Karthikeyan, Munjattu, Joseph F., Reddy, Ramesh C., Adepu, Rajesham, Singarajipura, Anil, Lakkappa, Mohan H., Swamickan, Reuben, Shah, Amar, Panibatla, Vikas, and Washington, Reynold

Subjects
Medical research -- Comparative analysis, Medicine, Experimental -- Comparative analysis, Comorbidity -- Risk factors -- Patient outcomes -- Drug therapy, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Risk factors -- Drug therapy -- Patient outcomes, Immunodeficiency -- Risk factors -- Patient outcomes -- Drug therapy, Tuberculosis -- Patient outcomes -- Drug therapy -- Risk factors, Virus diseases -- Risk factors -- Drug therapy -- Patient outcomes, HIV infection -- Risk factors -- Patient outcomes -- Drug therapy, Health, Drug therapy, Risk factors, Comparative analysis, Patient outcomes
Abstract

Objective To assess treatment outcomes in tuberculosis patients participating in support group meetings in five districts of Karnataka and Telangana states in southern India. Methods Tuberculosis patients from five selected districts who began treatment in 2019 were offered regular monthly support group meetings, with a focus on patients in urban slum areas with risk factors for adverse outcomes. We tracked the patients' participation in these meetings and extracted treatment outcomes from the Nikshay national tuberculosis database for the same patients in 2021. We compared treatment outcomes based on attendance of the support groups meetings. Findings Of 30 706 tuberculosis patients who started treatment in 2019, 3651 (11.9%) attended support groups meetings. Of patients who attended at least one support meeting, 94.1% (3426/3639) had successful treatment outcomes versus 88.2% (23 745/26 922) of patients who did not attend meetings (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 2.44; 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.10-2.82). The odds of successful treatment outcomes were higher in meeting participants than non-participants for all variables examined including: age [greater than or equal to] 60 years (aOR: 3.19; 95% CI: 2.26-4.51); female sex (aOR: 3.33; 95% CI: 2.46-4.50); diabetes comorbidity (aOR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.91-4.81); human immunodeficiency virus infection (aOR: 3.73; 95% CI: 1.76-7.93); tuberculosis retreatment (aOR: 1.69; 1.22-2.33); and drug- resistant tuberculosis (aOR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.21-3.09). Conclusion Participation in support groups for tuberculosis patients was significantly associated with successful tuberculosis treatment outcomes, especially among high-risk groups. Expanding access to support groups could improve tuberculosis treatment outcomes at the population level. Objectif Evaluer les resultats des traitements contre la tuberculose chez les patients qui assistent aux reunions des groupes d'entraide dans cinq districts des Etats du Karnataka et du Telangana, en Inde du Sud. Methodes Dans les cinq districts selectionnes, des patients tuberculeux ayant entame un traitement en 2019 se sont vu proposer des reunions mensuelles organisees a intervalles reguliers. Ces reunions etaient principalement destinees aux patients vivant dans des bidonvilles urbains et presentant des facteurs augmentant le risque d'issue defavorable. Nous avons suivi leur participation aux reunions et avons extrait des informations therapeutiques de la base de donnees nationale Nikshay sur la tuberculose concernant les memes patients en 2021. Nous avons ensuite compare l'issue des traitements a la presence aux reunions des groupes d'entraide. Resultats Sur 30 706 patients tuberculeux ayant entame un traitement en 2019, 3651 (11,9%) ont rejoi nt des groupes d'entraide. Sur l'ensemble des patients ayant assiste a au moins une reunion, 94,1% (3426/3639) ont connu une issue favorable au traitement, contre 88,2% (23 745/26 922) chez les patients qui n'y ont pas assiste (odds ratio ajuste, ORA: 2,44; intervalle de confiance de 95%, IC: 2,10-2,82). Les probabilites de reussite du traitement etaient plus elevees chez les participants aux reunions que chez les non-participants pour toutes les variables examinees, y compris pour les [greater than or equal to] 60 ans (ORA: 3,19; IC de 95%: 2,26-4,51); les patients de sexe feminin (ORA: 3,33; IC de 95%: 2,46-4,50); celles et ceux presentant une comorbidite liee au diabete (ORA: 3,03; IC de 95%: 1,91-4,81); une infection au virus de l'immunodeficience humaine (ORA: 3,73; IC de 95%: 1,76-7,93); un retraitement contre la tuberculose (ORA: 1,69; 1,22-2,33); et enfin, une tuberculose pharmacoresistante (ORA: 1,93; IC de 95%: 1,21-3,09). Conclusion La participation des patients atteints de tuberculose aux groupes d'entraide allait de pair avec de meilleurs resultats de traitement, surtout au sein des categories a haut risque. Promouvoir l'acces a ces groupes d'entraide pourrait ameliorer l'issue des traitements contre la tuberculose a l'echelle de la population. Objetivo Evaluar los desenlaces del tratamiento en pacientes con tuberculosis que participan en reuniones de grupos de apoyo en cinco distritos de los estados de Karnataka y Telangana en el sur de la India. Metodos Se ofrecieron reuniones mensuales regulares de grupos de apoyo a los pacientes con tuberculosis de cinco distritos seleccionados que comenzaron el tratamiento en 2019, con un enfoque en los pacientes de los suburbios urbanos con factores de riesgo de desenlaces adversos. Se realizo un seguimiento de la participacion de los pacientes en estas reuniones y se extrajeron los desenlaces del tratamiento de la base de datos nacional de tuberculosis Nikshay para los mismos pacientes en 2021. Se compararon los desenlaces del tratamiento en funcion de la asistencia a las reuniones de los grupos de apoyo. Resultados De 30 706 pacientes con tuberculosis que iniciaron el tratamiento en 2019, 3651 (11,9 %) asistieron a reuniones de grupos de apoyo. De los pacientes que asistieron al menos a una reunion de apoyo, el 94,1 % (3426/3639) presentaron desenlaces exitosos del tratamiento frente al 88,2 % (23 745/26 922) de los pacientes que no asistieron a las reuniones (razon de posibilidades ajustada, RPA: 2,44; intervalo de confianza del 95 %, IC: 2,10-2,82). Las posibilidades de obtener un desenlace satisfactorio del tratamiento fueron mayores en los participantes en las reuniones que en los no participantes para todas las variables examinadas, incluyendo: edad [greater than or equal to] 60 anos (RPA: 3,19; IC del 95 %: 2,26-4,51); sexo femenino (RPA: 3,33; IC del 95 %: 2,46-4,50); comorbilidad por diabetes (RPA: 3,03; IC del 95 %: 1,91-4,81); infeccion por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (RPA: 3,73; IC del 95 %: 1,76-7,93); retratamiento de la tuberculosis (RPA: 1,69; IC del 95 %: 1,22-2,33); y tuberculosis resistente (RPA: 1,93; IC del 95 %: 1,21-3,09). Conclusion La participacion en grupos de apoyo para pacientes con tuberculosis se asocio de manera significativa con el exito de los desenlaces del tratamiento de la tuberculosis, en especial entre los grupos de alto riesgo. Ampliar el acceso a los grupos de apoyo podria mejorar los desenlaces del tratamiento de la tuberculosis a nivel de la poblacion., Introduction Estimates indicate that India has the largest number of tuberculosis patients (26%) and tuberculosis-related deaths (36%) in the world. (1) India's success in tackling tuberculosis is critical to achieving [...]

Published
2023
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20. Does the Subtypes of Heart Failure Coexisting with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Matter for Endothelial Dysfunction?

Author

Castello-Simões, Viviane, primary, da Luz Goulart, Cássia, additional, Heubel, Alessandro Domingues, additional, Kabbach, Érika Zavaglia, additional, Schafauser, Nathany Souza, additional, Simões, Rodrigo Polaquini, additional, Shah, Amar, additional, Roscani, Meliza Goi, additional, Borghi-Silva, A, additional, and Mendes, RG, additional

Published
2023
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30. Factors Affecting Domiciliary Non-Invasive Ventilation Compliance

Author

Shah, Amar J., primary, Florman, Katia, additional, Kaushal, Nitika, additional, Kwong, Hiu Fung, additional, Karoshi, Akul, additional, White, Laura, additional, Walker, Ryan, additional, Lin, Yan-Pin, additional, Ko, Ho Juen, additional, Saigal, Anita, additional, Devani, Nikesh, additional, Mansell, Stephanie K., additional, and Mandal, Swapna, additional

Published
2022
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32. Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020

Author

Jeyashree, Kathiresan, primary, Thangaraj, Jeromie, additional, Rade, Kiran, additional, Modi, Bhavesh, additional, Selvaraju, Sriram, additional, Velusamy, Saravanakumar, additional, Akhil, Sasidharan, additional, Vijayageetha, Mathavaswami, additional, Sudha Rani, Dhanapal, additional, Sabarinathan, Ramasamy, additional, Manikandanesan, Sakthivel, additional, Elumalai, Rajalakshmi, additional, Natarajan, Meenakumari, additional, Joseph, Bency, additional, Mahapatra, Amarendra, additional, Shamim, Almas, additional, Shah, Amar, additional, Bhardwaj, Ashok, additional, Purty, Anil, additional, Vadera, Bhavin, additional, Sridhar, Anand, additional, Chowdhury, Aniket, additional, Shafie, Asif, additional, Choudhury, Avijit, additional, Dhrubjyoti, Deka, additional, Solanki, Hardik, additional, Sirmanwar, Krushna, additional, Khaparde, Kshitij, additional, Parmar, Malik, additional, Dahiya, Nisha, additional, Debdutta, Parija, additional, Ahmed, Quazi, additional, Ramachandran, Ranjani, additional, Prasad, Ranjeet, additional, Shinde, Rohini, additional, Baruah, Rupali, additional, Chauhan, Sandeep, additional, Bharaswadkar, Sandip, additional, Achanta, Shanta, additional, Sharath, Burugina Nagaraja, additional, Balakrishnan, Shibu, additional, Chandra, Shivani, additional, Khumukcham, Sophia, additional, Mandal, Sudarsan, additional, Chalil, Sumitha, additional, Shah, Vaibhav, additional, Roddawar, Venkatesh, additional, Rao, Raghuram, additional, Sachdeva, Kuldeep, additional, and Murhekar, Manoj, additional

Published
2022
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42. Using Histopathology to Assess the Reliability of Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Guiding Additional Brain Tumor Resection: A Multicenter Study

Author

Shah, Amar S, primary, Yahanda, Alexander T, additional, Sylvester, Peter T, additional, Evans, John, additional, Dunn, Gavin P, additional, Jensen, Randy L, additional, Honeycutt, John, additional, Cahill, Daniel P, additional, Sutherland, Garnette R, additional, Oswood, Mark, additional, Shah, Mitesh, additional, Abram, Steven R, additional, Rich, Keith M, additional, Dowling, Joshua L, additional, Leuthardt, Eric C, additional, Dacey, Ralph G, additional, Kim, Albert H, additional, Zipfel, Gregory J, additional, Limbrick, David D, additional, Smyth, Matthew D, additional, Leonard, Jeffrey, additional, and Chicoine, Michael R, additional

Published
2021
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50. Intraoperative MRI for newly diagnosed supratentorial glioblastoma: a multicenter-registry comparative study to conventional surgery

Author

Shah, Amar S., primary, Sylvester, Peter T., additional, Yahanda, Alexander T., additional, Vellimana, Ananth K., additional, Dunn, Gavin P., additional, Evans, John, additional, Rich, Keith M., additional, Dowling, Joshua L., additional, Leuthardt, Eric C., additional, Dacey, Ralph G., additional, Kim, Albert H., additional, Grubb, Robert L., additional, Zipfel, Gregory J., additional, Oswood, Mark, additional, Jensen, Randy L., additional, Sutherland, Garnette R., additional, Cahill, Daniel P., additional, Abram, Steven R., additional, Honeycutt, John, additional, Shah, Mitesh, additional, Tao, Yu, additional, and Chicoine, Michael R., additional

Published
2021
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