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This study aims to predict the migration time of toxic fumes induced by excavation blasting in underground mines. To reduce numerical simulation time and optimize ventilation design, several back propagation neural network (BPNN) models optimized by honey badger algorithm (HBA) with four chaos mapping (CM) functions (i.e., Chebyshev (Che) map, Circle (Cir) map, Logistic (Log) map, and Piecewise (Pie) map) are developed to predict the migration time. 125 simulations by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method are used to train and test the developed models. The determination coefficient (R²), the variance accounted for (VAF), the Willmott's index (WI), the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and the sum of squares error (SSE) are utilized to evaluate the model performance. The evaluation results indicate that the CirHBA-BPNN model has achieved the most satisfactory performance by reaching the highest values of R² (0.9945), WI (0.9986), VAF (99.4811%), and the lowest values of RMSE (15.7600), MAPE (0.0343) and SSE (6209.4), respectively. The wind velocity in roadway (Wv) is the most important feature for predicting the migration time of toxic fumes. Furthermore, the intrinsic response characteristic of the optimal model is implemented to enhance the model interpretability and provide reference for the relationship between features and migration time of toxic fumes in ventilation design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to understand the impact of sustainability efforts on materiality or financial performance of insurers by accounting their risk coverage pattern in the Coal Mining Industry. 10 major insurance companies have been selected for this study and the focus has been to understand the stances and policies implemented by these companies between 2018 and 2023. Some of the firms like Hartford have officially declared that they have exited from this industry, while major players are still fueling the coal mining industry. Alternatively, companies themselves are looking to fund their risk mitigation plans so as to not rely on insurance firms. Studies by Hinshaw Law show that losses arising from climate change are rising at an alarming rate, the question then remaians, would insurance companies continue to fund activities that would put their existence in peril. Further research can be conducted on a larger time frame, new policies and frameworks implemented across this industry and to understand the risks of insuring activities that have increased the rate of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: When managed effectively, oil wealth can drive economic development and improve wellbeing. Conversely, as has been the experience in Ogoniland in the Niger Delta, the presence of the oil industry can lead to environmental degradation and social and economic vulnerabilities with negative impacts on health and wellbeing. Few studies have explored the experiences and perceptions of these impacts among residents of host communities themselves. Methods: This qualitative study explored Ogoni residents' experiences and perceptions of oil-industry related economic exclusion and associated impacts on health and wellbeing. In-depth interviews with 22 participants from four Local Government Areas (LGAs) were analyzed with open (inductive) coding. Guided by constructivist philosophy, interpretation of emerging themes was informed by the concept of social exclusion which recognizes that multi-dimensional processes can deprive individuals or groups of resources, rights, goods, and services, thus limiting broader societal participation. Results: Findings highlight the exclusionary impacts of the oil industry at the intersection of i) damaged livelihoods and family income, that increased economic vulnerability and reduced participants' ability to meet basic needs including ability to pay for healthcare; ii) lack of progress on environmental remediation and non-transparent benefit sharing schemes that exacerbate economic displacement and contribute to ongoing exposures to air and water pollution; and iii) insufficient of investment in economic development and essential health services, limiting employment opportunities and ability to access adequate healthcare. Conclusion: Addressing these issues requires integrated policy interventions focusing on equitable resource distribution, environmental restoration, and inclusive economic development to promote sustainable community resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses hopes around the promissory potential of mineral resources through the lens of affect. Building on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2018 and 2019 in South Mitrovica in Kosovo, it explores how citizens of a de-industrialised and politically unstable city envision the future around and beyond the extractive potential of the Trepça mine. It does so by examining two encounters with two different modes of electricity – a power cut and New Year lights – as instantiations of the mine's affective force that evoke the historically specific promise of modernity shaped during Yugoslav socialism. Through the motif of electricity, the article demonstrates how this industrial past orients collective hopes towards an extractive future. Retrospectively shaped, these hopes remain intangible, however, and riddled with doubts, friction, and contestation. Divergent visions, then, attempt to ground a viable future amid the uncertainties triggered by postsocialism, the war and its aftermath, and de-industrialisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The global market for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is growing exponentially, resulting in an increase in mining activities for the metals needed for manufacturing LIBs. Cobalt, lithium, manganese, and nickel are four of the metals most used in the construction of LIBs, and each has known toxicological risks associated with exposure. Mining for these metals poses potential human health risks via occupational and environmental exposures; however, there is a paucity of data surrounding the risks of increasing mining activity. The objective of this review was to characterize these risks. Methods: We conducted a review of the literature via a systematic search of the PubMed database on the health effects of mining for cobalt, lithium, manganese, and nickel. We included articles that (1) reported original research, (2) reported outcomes directly related to human health, (3) assessed exposure to mining for cobalt, lithium, manganese, or nickel, and (4) had an available English translation. We excluded all other articles. Our search identified 183 relevant articles. Results: Toxicological hazards were reported in 110 studies. Exposure to cobalt and nickel mining were most associated with respiratory toxicity, while exposure to manganese mining was most associated with neurologic toxicity. Notably, no articles were identified that assessed lithium toxicity associated with mining exposure. Traumatic hazards were reported in six studies. Three articles reported infectious disease hazards, while six studies reported effects on mental health. Several studies reported increased health risks in children compared to adults. Conclusions: The results of this review suggest that occupational and environmental exposure to mining metals used in LIBs presents significant risks to human health that result in both acute and chronic toxicities. Further research is needed to better characterize these risks, particularly regarding lithium mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the continuous development of the mining industry and advancements in deep mining technology, mine environment optimization has become key to ensuring safety and improving the efficiency of mining. The high-temperature environment, particularly in deep mines, not only poses a serious threat to miners' health but also significantly reduces operational efficiency. These issues have been determined based on the current application status and development trends of mine cooling technology, including traditional mechanical and non-mechanical cooling technologies, as well as emerging roadway insulation materials and mine cooling clothing applications. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, the main challenges related to the use of current mine cooling technologies are pointed out, including the low energy efficiency ratio, high cost, and difficult implementation. Finally, this paper looks forward to the future development directions of mine cooling technologies, emphasizing the importance of intelligent, energy-saving, and environment-improving comprehensive system management and, in turn, promoting the progress and application of mine environment optimization technology and supporting safe and efficient deep mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper primarily explores the modeling method of n-level complex helical structures with coal mining machine cables as the research object. The paper first elaborately introduces the modeling method of n-level helix curves based on parametric equations and coordinate transformations, and compensates for the n-level helix curves with corrected pitch, which can obtain more accurate n-level helix curves and improve the accuracy of n-level helix curves modeling. Subsequently, based on this high-precision n-level helix curves modeling method, the paper elaborates on the method of solving pitch and twisting radius of multi-layer helical structure. Calculation scripts were written based on the above methods, which can be used to batch calculate the twisting radius and pitch of each layer structure in multi-layer structures when satisfying the conditions of in-layer tangency, inter-layer tangency, and extrusion deformation, and retain the actual results through logical judgment. Then, based on the above two methods, the paper developed a modeling method for braided structures based on piecewise functions containing fifth-order polynomials, which can effectively avoid the problem of insufficiently dense arrangement of braided lines and easy interference in traditional methods. Finally, a set of modeling tools was developed using C# and Python in Grasshopper to implement the modeling algorithm. Taking the MCPT-1.9/3.3 3120 + 170 + 4 * 10 coal mining machine cable as an example. The cable was modeled using both the method proposed in this paper and the traditional method. Comparative data shows that the method proposed in this paper can reduce errors by 3.31E6 times in the second-level and above helical structures. In addition this paper compares the standard line length, measured line length, and the line length established by the proposed model, showing that the relative errors are both less than 0.1941%. This paper provides a new, systematic, high-precision, and full-process cable modeling method, in which all parameters except the process parameters are accurately solved by equations. It lays a theoretical foundation for the high-precision simulation and intelligent sensing cables, which is of great significance for improving the safety, stability, and efficient development of the coal mining industry. The research results of the paper can not only be applied to the modeling of coal mining machine cables but also can be extended to the modeling of other complex multi-layer helical structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ore hauling operations are crucial within the mining industry as they supply essential minerals to production plants. Conducted with sophisticated and high-cost operational equipment, these operations demand meticulous planning to ensure that production targets are met while optimizing equipment utilization. In this study, we present an algorithm to determine the minimum amount of hauling equipment required to meet the ore transport target. To achieve this, a mathematical model has been developed, considering it as a parallel machine scheduling problem with different speeds and release times, focusing on minimizing both the completion time and the costs associated with equipment use. Additionally, another algorithm was developed to allow the tactical evaluation of these two variables. These procedures and the model contribute significantly to decision-makers by providing a systematic approach to resource allocation, ensuring that loading and hauling equipment are utilized to their fullest potentials while adhering to budgetary constraints and operational schedules. This approach optimizes resource usage and improves operational efficiency, facilitating continuous improvement in mining operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multinational corporations (MNCs) are increasingly involved in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) initiative to enhance the quality of life in host countries. Gender equality (SDG 5) is the key focus. This study examines how MNCs in the male-dominated mining industry in Thailand and Laos promote gender equality through their policies and practices. Using a qualitative approach, we investigated the experiences of stakeholders in the mining sector. Our findings reveal significant gender disparities in employment, health, and vocational opportunities. While MNCs are making efforts to address these issues, the complex interplay of stakeholders and cultural factors influences progress. To effectively advance gender equality, this research suggests a shift in focus towards strategies that actively engage women in diverse business roles. Providing women with the necessary skills and knowledge is essential for their growth and empowerment within the mining industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The control room is a critical work environment where optimal performance is essential to minimize errors. Lighting is one of the key environmental factors influencing the performance of control room operators. Inadequate sleep quality and job stress also significantly impact job performance. Poor sleep quality, eye fatigue, inappropriate lighting, and occupational stress can lead to errors and decreased accuracy in work. Objectives: The present study aims to determine the correlation between lighting intensity, eye fatigue, occupational stress, and sleep quality among control room operators at the Abadan Refinery. The study was conducted in 2022. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 190 control room operators at the Abadan Refinery in 2022. A lux meter device was used to evaluate the intensity of lighting. Standard Pittsburgh sleep quality, eye fatigue, and Occupational Stress questionnaires were also administered. The results were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The average light intensity of the work surface was 347.95 ± 147.34 lux. The mean and standard deviation of job stress score and sleep quality were 155.42 ± 9.18 and 9.38 ± 1.62, respectively. The average eye fatigue score was 5.09 ± 0.821 in people without glasses and 4.47 ± 0.828 in people with glasses. A significant correlation was found between brightness intensity and visual fatigue (ρ = 0.201, P = 0.029). The correlation between eye fatigue and sleep quality score was also significant (ρ = 0.225, P = 0.002). However, no significant correlation was observed between lighting intensity and sleep quality (ρ = - 0.005, P = 0.946). The correlation between the overall score of occupational stress and sleep quality was statistically significant (r = - 0.148, P = 0.042). Conclusions: The results showed a significant correlation between lighting intensity and the factors of sleep quality and eye fatigue. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between eye fatigue and sleep quality, as well as between occupational stress and sleep quality. Therefore, it is suggested that planning to minimize job stress, and improve lighting and sleep quality for gas refinery control room personnel should be designed and implemented by the authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the confined spaces of underground mines, the exposure of over 10,000 miners in the U.S. to diesel exhaust and diesel particulate matter (DPM) is an occupational inevitability, particularly in metal and nonmetal mineral extraction. These workers routinely operate amidst diesel-powered equipment, often outdated and highly polluting, extracting resources such as limestone, gold, and salt. The acute health effects of such exposure are significant, leading to symptoms like headaches and flu-like conditions, with the impact being more pronounced in these closed work environments. This review scrutinizes DPM's hazard in the mining sector, consolidating the extant knowledge and exploring ongoing research. It encapsulates our understanding of DPM's physicochemical properties, existing sampling methods, health ramifications, and mitigation technologies. Moreover, it underscores the necessity for further study in areas such as the evolution of DPM's physicochemical attributes, from its genesis at high-pressure, high-temperature conditions within diesel engines to its emission into the mine atmosphere. A key research gap is the intricate interaction of DPM with specific characteristics of the mine environment—such as relative humidity, ambient temperature, the presence of other mineral dust, and the dynamics of ventilation air. These factors can significantly alter the physicochemical profile of DPM, influencing both its in-mine transport and its deposition behavior. Consequently, this can affect the respiratory health of miners, modifying the toxicity and the respiratory deposition of DPM particles. Identified research imperatives include (1) the advancement of instrumentation for accurate number measurement of DPM to replace or supplement traditional gravimetric methods; (2) the development of long-lasting, cost-effective control technologies tailored for the mining industry; (3) an in-depth investigation of DPM interactions within the unique mine microclimate, considering the critical components like humidity and other aerosols; and (4) understanding the differential impact of DPM in mining compared to other industries, informing the creation of mining-specific health and safety protocols. This review's findings underscore the urgency to enhance emission control and exposure prevention strategies, paving the way for a healthier underground mining work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The SUMO fusion system is advantageous in improving the solubility and correct folding of proteins that are difficult to produce. SUMO‐protease‐1 (Ulp1) is a key enzyme in this system, and its proper expression and purification in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) are critical to its efficiency. Objective. To optimize Ulp1 expression and purification using His6‐SUMO‐SDF‐1 as a model, aiming to improve efficiency across similar fusion proteins. Methods. We provided a codon‐optimized Ulp1 gene into the pET28a vector. Essential culture factors, including IPTG concentration, incubation length of time, and temperature, were precisely adjusted. Ulp1 was purified using Ni‐NTA affinity chromatography. A cleavage activity assay of recombinant Ulp1 is carried out using the His6‐SUMO‐SDF‐1 fusion protein to demonstrate how well the optimized settings work. Furthermore, the activity of recombinant SDF‐1 was evaluated using the scratch wound healing assay. Results. Ulp1 expression was optimized in E. coli using the pET28a vector, with optimum conditions including 0.1 mM IPTG, 28°C incubation temperature, and an overnight period of time. Recombinant Ulp1 was purified using Ni‐NTA affinity chromatography, resulting in high purity. Enzymatic activity was shown by the effective cleavage of the His6‐SUMO‐SDF‐1 fusion protein. In the scratch wound‐healing assay, recombinant SDF‐1 increased cell migration following cleavage, confirming that biological activity was retained. These findings illustrate Ulp1's efficient synthesis and effectiveness for prospective applications in biology. Conclusion. This study successfully showed the expression and purification of the recombinant Ulp1 enzyme, showing the most suitable growing conditions for productive protein production. Ulp1's functionality was validated by its specific cleavage of the His6‐SUMO‐SDF‐1 fusion protein, as well as the fragmented SDF‐1 purified and its biological activity in promoting cell migration. These findings highlight Ulp1's potential in protein processing as well as its application in biotechnological and biological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Located on the Congolese (DRC) side of the Lemba depression, our study area is the part that was returned by "ex-Zaïrep", just east of the concession currently operated by Perenco rep. Open to oil and mining exploration, we brought back phosphate rock samples from the field, which were analyzed by the Commissariat Général à l'Energie Atomique (CGEA) using the ED-XRF Xepos III spectrometer. These analyses were used to characterize the geochemistry of the Kanzi and Mvuangu phosphates. The results of the Chemical Analyses (Oxides) and Chemical Elements are as follows: (1) Major oxides (%:) Al2O3 (21,21 - 17,24); SiO2 (14,85 - 30,40); P2O5 (19,48 -13,34 %) finally Fe2O3 (8,544 - 10,74 %), and other oxides with concentrations in mg/kg (MnO, ZnO, Rb2O, SrO, ZrO2, Nb2O5, Sb2O5, Ta2O5); (2) Major Chemical Elements (%): Aluminum (11.22-9.124); Silicon (6.939-14.21); Phosphate (8.5-5.823 %) and several trace metallic elements that will be exposed in another soil and sediment matrix to assess the state of the environment prior to mining and petroleum activities. The origin of these metallic elements, including heavy metals, rare earths and radionuclides, is phosphate. Phosphate rocks, such as apatite, may contain heavy metals, rare earths and radionuclides in their mineral structure. The gravity anomaly map of the Lemba sub-basin, where the phosphate sites are located, clearly shows that the phosphates of Kanzi in the south and Mvuangu in the north are not located in the central deposits, but in the upper parts of the sub-basin. These areas are potentially anticlines, which are geological structures capable of containing hydrocarbons. This study is a contribution to our knowledge of the phosphate resource in Kanzi and Mvuangu, and contribute to understanding the geological structures capable of containing hydrocarbons. It is also an important contribution in the field of geochemistry and gravimetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context.--Overexposure to respirable coal mine dust can cause severe lung disease including progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). Field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) has been used for in situ lung dust particle analysis for evaluation of disease etiology. Automating such work can reduce time, costs, and user bias. Objective.--To develop and test an automated FESEMEDS method for in situ analysis of inorganic particles in coal miner lung tissue. Design.--We programmed an automated FESEM-EDS procedure to collect particle size and elemental data, using lung tissue from 10 underground coal miners with PMF and 4 control cases. A statistical clustering approach was used to establish classification criteria based on particle chemistry. Data were correlated to PMF/non-PMF areas of the tissue, using corresponding brightfield microscopy images. Results for each miner case were compared with a separate corresponding analysis of particles recovered following tissue digestion. Results.--In situ analysis of miner tissues showed higher particle number densities than controls and densities were generally higher in PMF than non-PMF areas. Particle counts were typically dominated by aluminum silicates with varying percentages of silica. Compared to digestion results for the miner tissues, in situ results indicated lower density of particles (number per tissue volume), larger size, and a lower ratio of silica to total silicates-- probably due to frequent particle clustering in situ. Conclusions.--Automated FESEM-EDS analysis of lung dust is feasible in situ and could be applied to a larger set of mineral dust--exposed lung tissues to investigate specific histologic features of PMF and other dust-related occupational diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context.--The pathology of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and its most severe form--progressive massive fibrosis (PMF)--in US coal miners has changed in recent years. Severe disease is occurring in younger miners and has been linked to an increase in silica dust exposure. Objective.--To update the description of the pathologic features of CWP in contemporary miners compared to historical miners. Design.--This study is a retrospective expert classification of lung tissue from 85 historical and contemporary coal miners with PMF. Significant pathologic features were scored by using a standardized instrument with consensus achieved for major findings, including newly defined categories of PMF as coal-type, mixed-type, and silica-type. Results.--Pathologic features associated with silica dust exposure, including silica-type PMF, mineral dust alveolar proteinosis (MDAP), and immature (early stage) silicotic nodules, were increased in contemporary miners. Detailed descriptions of the pathology of contemporary CWP with illustrative figures are provided. Conclusions.--Silica-related pathologies are more common in contemporary miners. Severe forms of CWP can be detected by subtyping PMF lesions (if present) or by identification of mature and immature silicotic nodules, coal mine dust--related alveolar proteinosis, and severe inflammation in coal miners' lungs. Silica-type PMF cases showed significantly higher levels of MDAP than either mixed- or coaltype PMF (P < .001). High profusion of birefringent silica/silicate particles was observed more frequently in cases with immature (early stage) silicotic nodules (P = .04). Severe inflammation was also significantly increased in contemporary miners (P = .03). Our findings underscore the urgent need to revise current exposure limits and monitoring of respirable crystalline silica in US coal mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geology & Exploration is the property of Geology & Exploration Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aerial gravity data of Lafia and Akiri areas were interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively to map surface and deep earth structures responsible for the gravity anomalies within the study area. This entails using grids on which the anomalous values obtained at different stations are plotted and contours drawn at appropriate intervals using Oasis Montaj software. The Bouguer anomaly obtained from the study varies from -66.0 mGal to 28.4 mGal while the residual Bouguer anomaly is from -30.5 mGal to 27.7 mGal. The Bouguer gravity data was subjected to forward and inverse modeling analysis using PotentQ 3D software. The results obtained from the forward and inverse modeling of the airborne gravity data shows the density values as: 2.550, 2.630 and 0.074 g/cm³ for the modeled profiles 1 - 3 respectively, with respective depths of - 2943, -1156 and 25 m. The highest depth of -2943 m obtained within the south-eastern part (Akiri) of the study area exhibits thick sediment able to hold more solid mineral than Lafia area with the lowest depth. This study serves as a guide to the mining industries to determine the area with high concentration of solid minerals for economic and sustainable development of the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety of mines is a top priority in the mining industry, and a precise assessment of aquifer water levels is crucial for conducting a risk analysis of water-related disasters. Among them, the GIS-based water abundance index method is widely used in water-richness evaluation. However, the existing research lacks sufficient determination of evaluation indicator weights, specifically in the following aspects: (1) failure to consider the information differences between indicators and (2) inadequate differentiation of the relative importance of each indicator and their importance to the evaluation target. Taking the No.3 coal roof of Dananhu No.7 coal mine as the research object, six factors are selected as the main indexes for evaluating water richness. The weights were calculated using an improved entropy method and the scatter degree method, with the principle of information entropy used to reconcile the competitive and consistent relationship between the two evaluation methods. This approach resulted in the determination of combination weights for each influencing factor, highlighting the information differences between indicators and the importance of each indicator. Finally, the evaluation of aquifer water richness is partitioned by combining the GIS analysis function. The findings suggest that the Ⅰ division has low water richness, while the Ⅱ division is primarily medium-to-high water rich. The accuracy of the evaluation results exceeds 80%, providing valuable insights for hydrophobic programs for other coal-seam roofs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic, social, and ecological aspects of the environment are all impacted differently by mining in different parts of the world. When mining activities end and leave the area bare, rehabilitation and revegetation are required to minimize the impacts of mining in general. By fixing carbon in tree biomass, these interventions have a positive effect on increasing carbon storage. Measuring carbon stock is essential to evaluating the effectiveness of these interventions. This study was conducted in an inactive mining area in Marinduque, Philippines. Plots for sampling were created in areas that were not yet undergoing rehabilitation as well as those that were. The above-ground carbon stock and biomass were estimated using the allometric equation provided by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and Sourcebook for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Projects as references, respectively. The results for areas undergoing rehabilitation and those that were not indicated 4.297 t/ha and 0.0509 t/ha, respectively. The former has an above-ground carbon stock of 2.1485 t/ha, and the latter has 0.2545 t/ha. This shows a successful increase in biomass and carbon stock in the area undergoing rehabilitation. This comparison suggests that rehabilitation and revegetation should be implemented in mining areas to help mitigate the impacts of mining while also sequestering carbon. Policies and activities that will protect the current rehabilitation efforts and expand this rehabilitation to other inactive mining areas should be incorporated for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Illegal river sand mining in regions like the Limpopo Province poses severe threats to ecosystems and communities. Nevertheless, the community's perspectives concerning these effects have not been determined. Thus, the aim of the investigation was to assess community perceptions regarding the environmental consequences linked to river sand mining in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study employed mixed methods to acquire the primary data. The quantitative data were acquired using questionnaires; meanwhile, the qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews from various respondents. The demographic profile of the respondents indicated a predominantly male population, with a majority lacking formal qualifications. Additionally, the prevalence of very high unemployment rates in the area seemed to influence participation in the activity. Consequently, some perceived it as an economic opportunity to generate income for their sustenance. It has been found that as developments increase, the demand for river sand increases as well, leading to a high extraction rate of sand. Lastly, the extraction of the resources was found to be un-regulated or controlled; therefore, it is concluded that unregulated extraction of these resources resulted in a high extraction rate and environmental crises such as un-rehabilitated pits, water pollution, land pollution, among others. It is therefore recommended that collaborative efforts among relevant authorities to enforce stringent regulations and penalties. Equally vital are public awareness campaigns, which can play a pivotal role in educating communities about the environmental repercussions of illegal sand mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the mining industry can dramatically enhance the safety of workers while simultaneously decreasing monitoring costs. By implementing an IoT solution consisting of a number of interconnected smart devices and sensors, mining industries can improve response times during emergencies and also reduce the number of accidents, resulting in an overall improvement of the social image of mines. Thus, in this paper, a robust end-to-end IoT system for supporting workers in harsh environments such as in mining industries is presented. The full IoT solution includes both edge devices worn by the workers in the field and a remote cloud IoT platform, which is responsible for storing and efficiently sharing the gathered data in accordance with regulations, ethics, and GDPR rules. Extended experiments conducted to validate the IoT components both in the laboratory and in the field proved the effectiveness of the proposed solution in monitoring the real-time status of workers in mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large amounts of xanthate wastewater generated from mineral beneficiation significantly threaten the ecological environment. MOF photocatalysis is considered as a promising method for the removal of xanthate that is environmentally friendly and has high efficiency. However, the defects in MOFs limit their large-scale application due to poor visible light absorption efficiency and stability in water. In this study, a novel composite material composed of g-C 3 N 4 /AgCl/Ti-MOFs was prepared, and the catalytic degradation effect of butyl xanthate solution under different catalyst ratios and reaction conditions was investigated. The results showed that the composite could still maintain excellent catalytic performance (degradation rate of 99.5% within 90 min) under xenon light and low dosage. The characterization results showed that this excellent photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the following three points: 1) The material could absorb up to 670 nm visible light absorption capacity; 2) excellent stability was achieved (86% degradation efficiency after six cycles); and 3) the Schottky junctions formed by Ag0 and other materials in the composite increased the transfer rate of e−/h+. The possible photodegradation mechanism was proposed according to UV–vis DRS and trapping experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mining industry is the leading supplier of raw materials in modern society. This sector of human activity has experienced a severe crisis due to the energy transition and has been revived in recent years due to the need for critical metals that are essential in the post-coal era. In underground and open pit mining, processes such as extraction, transportation, safety, underground ventilation, waste management, and rehabilitation are of major importance, and their "design" is critical to the economic survival of the mine. All the above processes required to operate a mine are strongly reminiscent of an example of nature's workman: the ant. The sympatric insect uses the same processes as the ones aforementioned during the creation of its nest. The ants dig to "extract material from the ground", and they transport this material from the nest's site to the waste deposition location. The ants ensure the safety of the underground opening and the proper ventilation needed for them to live there for a long time. This article attempts to identify the relations between all the above processes and sub-processes, and how human mining and ant colony development correlate with each other. Furthermore, we examine how an ant colony has aided in the development of mining technology, and what more humans can learn and adopt from a "miner" that is 66 million years old, in order to improve their processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open-pit mining is a cornerstone of industrial raw material extraction, yet it is fraught with safety concerns due to rough operating conditions. The advent of Industry 4.0 has introduced advanced technologies such as AI, the IoT, and autonomous systems, setting the stage for a paradigm shift towards unmanned mining operations. With this study, we addressed the urgent need for safe and efficient production based on intelligent unmanned mining systems in open-pit mines. A collaborative production planning model was developed for an intelligent unmanned system comprising multiple excavators and mining trucks. The model is formulated to optimize multiple objectives, such as total output, equipment idle time, and transportation cost. A multi-objective optimization approach based on the genetic algorithm was employed to solve the model, ensuring a balance among conflicting objectives and identifying the best possible solutions. The computational experiments revealed that the collaborative production planning method significantly reduces equipment idle time and enhances output. Moreover, with the proposed method, by optimizing the configuration to include 6 unmanned excavators, 50 unmanned mining trucks, and 4 unloading points, a 92% reduction in excavator idle time and a 44% increase in total output were achieved. These results show the model's potential to transform open-pit mining operations by using intelligent planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Green Deal (EU Green Deal) has set the direction for the EU's energy transition towards climate neutrality by 2050. In Poland, this means moving away from the extraction and use of coal. The Social Contract for the Mining Industry signed in 2021 states the necessity of last mine closure by 2049. Mine closure is a complex, lengthy and costly process. A complex scientific solution may concern the use of rational operations and minimization of mine closure costs. This article presents a system for the elementary assessment of the potential time and cost of coal mine liquidation. Estimating coal mine closure costs in the early design phase is an key aspect of supporting the company dealing with mine closure. The aim of the research was to improve the tool for assessing mine liquidation price. The extended assessment solution proposed in the article is formed on base of statistics of past mining institution liquidation processes. This method can, with minor modifications, be used for each restructuring and revitalizing task for mining industries in the process of liquidation. At the core of the developed method is a preliminary data analysis, which should be confirmed by a complex and multi-criteria estimation of the costs of the planned mine liquidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the role of the mining industry in promoting positive peace in post-conflict West Aceh, using qualitative content analysis of secondary data sources such as media and documentation. The findings reveal a significant gap between the current trajectory of the mining sector and aspirations for long-term peace. While the mining industry has transformative potential, its progress is marred by ecological damage and social injustices, particularly conflicts between local communities and mining companies over land tenure and environmental impacts. This study proposes a socially inclusive approach to mining development that balances economic benefits with sustainable peacebuilding. Key recommendations include stronger environmental regulations, increased community participation in all phases of mining projects, and robust conflict resolution mechanisms. This study is limited by its reliance on secondary data, which may not fully capture local nuances and may be biased by media sources. Further research with primary data collection is recommended to validate and extend these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In deep mines with combined mining potential, optimization hauling systems as the technological phase with the largest share in the total operation costs are essential from the aspect of achieving the profitability of the mining project. In this study, using a hybrid semi-quantitative approach, the impacts of haulage systems in large-scale and deep open-pit mines with combined mining potential were evaluated on mining options. According to the results of evaluating the use of the haulage system in the Sungun copper mine, the most appropriate haulage system was selected in-pit crushing and conveying system, truck-shovel, battery trolley, and trolley assist, respectively. Also, the use of the modern haulage system in the Sungun copper mine had a direct impact on the following mining options, respectively, with the intensity of -11.03, 32.94, 11.73, 17.06, and 15.07. (a) independent underground mining, (b) independentopen-pit mining, (c) simultaneous mining, (d) sequential mining, and (e) combinations of simultaneous and sequential. The obtained results indicate that the use of a modern and suitable haulage system for the mine leads to the desire to continue mining with the open-pit method, which leads to an increase in OTD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of the paper is to identify factors associated with operational factor (OF), geo-environmental factor (GEF), and managerial factor (MF) from the literature. After identification, the study intended to assess the impact of geo-environmental factors and managerial factors on operational factors of the mining industry. The study also tests the indirect effect of managerial factors between GEF and OF in the Indian environment. The geographical boundary of the study was 06 large mines of Odisha, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh of India. Three hundred and twenty nine number of purposive samples were collected via email and filtered and processed through the SPSS package. To find out the complex role and inter-relationship of GEF and MF on OF, the study adopted the structural equation modelling technique. The finding reflects that MF plays a partial mediation among GEF and OF. This phenomenon is completely novel in its field when it comes to the geo-environmental and management difficulties confronting mining operations. This research can aid managers in identifying key geological and environmental concerns in mining operations, as well as providing data for regulatory compliance. Overall, this study's findings can help management create policies and manage the environmental concerns of the mining sector. The study's findings provide important directions for future Indian mining research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow of fluid through the porous matrix of a reservoir rock applies a seepage force to the solid rock matrix. Although the seepage force exerted by fluid flow through the porous matrix of a reservoir rock has a notable influence on rock deformation and failure, its effect on hydraulic fracture (HF) propagation remains ambiguous. Therefore, in this study, we improved a traditional fluid–solid coupling method by incorporating the role of seepage force during the fracturing fluid seepage, using the discrete element method. First, we validated the simulation results of the improved method by comparing them with an analytical solution of the seepage force and published experimental results. Next, we conducted numerical simulations in both homogeneous and heterogeneous sandstone formations to investigate the influence of seepage force on HF propagation. Our results indicate that fluid viscosity has a greater impact on the magnitude and extent of seepage force compared to injection rate, and that lower viscosity and injection rate correspond to shorter hydraulic fracture lengths. Furthermore, seepage force influences the direction of HF propagation, causing HFs to deflect towards the side of the reservoir with weaker cementation and higher permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the study was to verify if soft-skills training is an effective intervention in reducing work-related stress among miners, that is, people who run the risk of losing health and/or life due to unpredictable natural forces or human error at work. Background: The motivation for the intervention was based on Job Demands-Resources model where soft skills are job resources that help individuals to cope with or prevent high demands of the environment. The needed skills as well as work demands were first investigated and then a custom training was developed. The rationale for introducing soft-skills training into the work environment can be seen as compatible with the Human Capital Model (HCM) which is designed to stimulate positive organizational behaviour by providing an effective approach to ensure employees' adequate coping with work-related stress. Method: 96 volunteer employees were assigned to intervention (n = 48) and comparison (n = 48) groups. 16-hour tailored training covered tasks and simulation games related to communication, teambuilding, self-management and conflict resolution skills. Job Content Questionnaire, Occupational Stress Indicator (modified to fit the mining environment) and General Health Questionnaire were used in the study. A MANOVA with effect-size measures was conducted. Results: Results revealed a significant increase in decision latitude and social support for the trainees. A substantial decrease in stress was also observed, along with a significant decrease in general health problems. There were no such changes in the comparison group. Conclusions: A soft-skills training, including communication, teamwork, self-motivation and conflict-resolution skills, helped participants to cope better with the stressful environment and improved their mental health. These effects lasted three months later. Application: The intervention improved miners' psychosocial health and the strategies of coping with stress, which increased safety and health in the company. Investigating the effectiveness of such interventions included in the general Human Capital Model, as it was done in the study, might be a step forward towards building an interdisciplinary approach for health and safety and human resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mica waste, a type of commercial waste produced in bulk quantities by the mica mining industry, was processed and added to Natural Rubber Latex Foams (NRLF) made of centrifuged and creamed latex. Following the Dunlop method, NRLF composites with various Processed Mica Waste (PMW) loadings (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 Phr) were prepared, and the thermo-physical characteristics were compared. Thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity of NRLF against the latex type and mica loading were compared for the first time. NRLFs prepared using creamed latex exhibit 33 and 50 mm (width and height) cell diameter, 3 ibf hardness, 281 % swelling index improvements and 0.05 Wm-1K-1 thermal conductivity, and 1 °C glass transition temperature (Tg) reductions than centrifuged NRLF and indistinguishable electrical resistivity. With the addition of mica (0-10 Phr), both NRLF types showed a similar ascending trend in hardness (42 ibf), water absorption (16 %), Tg (7 °C), thermal conductivity (0.54 Wm-1K-1), electrical resistivity (69 × 10³ U m) with decreasing gel time (3 min) and swelling index (550 %). The key objective of this research was to prepare PMW-filled NRLF and compare structural, electrical and thermo-physical properties, for the first time, against mica content and latex type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying influential nodes in an article network is crucial for understanding the dynamics of information propagation and its impact on various applications. Traditional methods often rely on citation-based analysis or network structure, overlooking the intricate dynamics of diffusion and node linkages. In this research, we propose a novel scoring model, named "Epigraphiology," which combines these aspects to compute and analyze the elements contributing to the spread of influence in article networks. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we employ real published article networks with around 904 articles downloaded from the WOS (Web of Science) with total cited references of 32084 in the field of cloud computing from 2010 to 2015. By leveraging the SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Removed) model, we compare the dynamics of articles in the network with the transition of states, highlighting the diffusion process. Additionally, we derive the Reproduction number (R0) for our model, serving as an indicator of the potential spread of influence. Our findings showcase the following key contributions: (a) Epigraphiology introduces a novel methodology for measuring the diffusion capacity of an article's influence in a hybrid manner, combining diffusion dynamics and node linkages. (b) Contrary to traditional approaches that primarily consider the number of citations (in degree), our results reveal that articles with lower citation counts can still act as super-spreaders, reflecting the ground-truth influence scores. Cross-validation of an article's influence diffusion score is performed, shedding light on the significant factors contributing to its spread within the network. By bridging the gap between diffusion dynamics, node linkages, and influence measurement, Epigraphiology offers a comprehensive approach to understanding and quantifying the spread of influence in article networks. This research holds implications for various fields and applications where the identification of influential spreaders is paramount in leveraging information dissemination and impact assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mine safety/Mining Safety (MS) is gaining significant attention in underground mine worldwide. Therefore, studies of MS have gained huge interest all over the world. However, little studies of MS reveal the map of the research field by big data from the perspective of a comparative vision over the past 23-year timespan. To this end, this study used big data and visualization tool (Vosviewer) to comparatively provide a comprehensive systematic mapping of MS studies in the WOSCC and Scopus. A total of 415 (WOSCC) and 691 (Scopus) articles were finally included. The number of articles shows a growth trend during 2000-2022, especially in the last five years. The most prolific authors are mainly from China which has published the highest number of articles. China is also the leading country in MS study, followed by USA. Safety Science is the top-publishing journal in the WOSCC (37, 8.92%) and Scopus (37, 5.35%), with the highest number of citations (1290 in the WOSCC and 1519 in the Scopus). Of Top10 most cited articles, 6 articles are published by Chinese authors in the WOSCC, and 4 articles from Chinese authors in the Scopus. China Univ Min and Technol had the most articles (60 in the WOSCC and 72 in the Scopus), but the average number of their citations per article (17.15) was somewhat low, though its total citations ranked first. In the WOSCC, Shandong Univ Sci and Technol has the highest number of citations per article (29.00), while in the Scopus, Univ Queensland ranks first in the average number of their citations (31.58). The main findings provide insights for MS researchers and policy-makers on the trends, progress, and future direction of the MS study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to the development of geodetic methods and equipment, there has been a transition from conventional methods to modern technologies, which can efficiently and accurately acquire a large amount of data in a short time without the need for direct contact with the measured object. Combined technologies such as Structure from Motion (SfM), Multi-View Stereo (MVS) photogrammetry using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) are often used for monitoring geohazards and documenting objects in quarries to obtain detailed and accurate information about their condition and changes. This article deals with the analysis of point clouds obtained with different settings in terms of average absolute point distance, average point density, and time range for surveying and office work. The numerical and graphical results of the research lead to conclusions for scientific and practical applications for activities in the mining industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the present worldwide economic development, there is an increasing need to follow the financial health of companies in individual sectors to avoid possible decline and bankruptcy. The goal of this contribution is to find out the influence of the pandemic on the economic situation in the mining industry as the primary sector, in connection with the construction industry as the secondary sector. The research is carried out through economic and financial indicators, which mostly influence the potential crisis of companies. The results show that the mining industry and construction sectors managed to avoid the heavy decline and bankruptcy of certain organizations in the industries. Such results can be used for forecasting and modeling the socio-economic development of regions and countries. The growth of the analyzed industries could contribute to the sustainable development in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Paris Agreement came into force in 2016. Now, there are 196 parties to this Agreement, including Russia. The purpose of the accommodation is to hold the increase in the global average temperature below 2 °C and to make efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C. Another important goal of this Agreement is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, according to UNFCCC-2015. Each participating country at the national level plans special activities that will help to achieve these goals. In general, this should reduce the rate of global warming. The goals of the Paris Agreement can be achieved either by introduction of new technologies that exclude the formation of a large amount of carbon footprint or termination of the usage of fossil fuels for electricity production. The formation of a carbon footprint is observed at all mining enterprises, regardless of the extracted raw materials. In this case, the amount of carbon footprint depends only on the extraction technologies and the success of ecological measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidisciplinary studies that integrate socioenvironmental aspects into the assessment of water resources contamination significantly enhance the identification of its sources. In the present study, an assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of Umayo Lagoon and the behavior of local actors was conducted. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn were determined and evaluated using international regulations. These data enabled the creation of distribution maps to pinpoint accumulation zones of different metals and suggest their possible sources of origin. The results were compared with the behavior of local actors, addressing three analytical characteristics: feelings, thoughts, and attitudes. Evidence showed contamination by As (18.11 mg/kg), Hg (0.19 mg/kg), and Cd (0.96 mg/kg), likely originating from mining activities, cheese plants, and agriculture. In terms of social aspects, intense emotions were expressed due to the presence of diseases and livestock mortality associated with metal contamination, causing anxiety and fear in the population. The incorporation of socioenvironmental aspects in the contamination assessment aligned with the physicochemical results, achieving identification of the sources of Umayo Lagoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fishing and sand mining in Cambodia may not appear to have much in common. However, digging deeper reveals important parallels. Both fishing and sand mining support livelihoods and are connected to a limited natural resource. Meanwhile, they are both typified by precarious livelihoods, on the one hand, and overexploitation, on the other. In bringing these two topics together, the paper combines empirical qualitative research from two separate studies conducted by the co-authors in Cambodia, one in coastal fishing villages and another in the sand mining industry along the Mekong River. We argue that the interplay between fishing and sand mining has paradoxical impacts on livelihoods, supporting one group while undermining another. Using a precarity analysis lens, we show how an unconventional, and largely invisible frontier of natural resource exploitation—sand mining—is intertwined with fisheries, and expands our understanding of the relationship between precarious labour, environmental change, and livelihoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the pulmonary functions and respiratory symptoms of workers in the neem oil extraction industry in Tamil Nadu, India, who are exposed to neem oil dust and chemicalsin their occupational environment. Fifty male workers from the exposed group and 50 male workers from the non-exposed group to neem dust and chemicals were investigated for this study. A modified respiratory assessment questionnaire based on the American Thoracic Society (ATS) standard and portable hand-held spirometry were used to assess their respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function. Respiratory symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, wheezing, and, nasal irritation are found to be higher in the exposed groups than in the controlled groups. The pulmonary function of exposed workers had doubled respiratory problems than the controlled groups, which indicates the impacts of dust and chemicals generated during neem oil extraction on workers' health. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity FVC)% was noted regarding the duration of exposure to neem oil dust (P < 0.001). Also, there was a high difference between the heavily exposed and the lightly exposed (P < 0.001). Hence, to mitigate these problems, the oil mill workers should be cautious and wear personal protection equipment during working hours, and it is recommended to have an exhaust ventilation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to test the moderator effect on characteristic variables such as return on assets and debt-equity ratio as exogenous variables on stock prices which are endogenous variables with return on equity being a proxy for financial performance. This research uses a quantitative approach with the path analysis method, the research object is 39 mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, a total of 156 companies studied. By using multiple linear regression analysis, the results obtained show that partial return on assets has a positive and significant effect on stock prices and the debt-equity ratio has a negative and significant effect on stock prices. Then the test uses moderator regression analysis where return on equity is proxied by financial performance as a moderator variable. The results show that the return on assets on share prices has a negative and significant influence. Meanwhile, the Debt Equity Ratio has a positive and significant effect on share prices. Appropriate financial asset allocation provides increased market expectations which will cause share prices to be valued higher. Asset management of mining industry companies does not show an increase in company value, in this case, return on equity, which should strengthen financial performance, and reduce share prices. On the contrary, conditions and information cause mining industry company share prices to fall. Management of return on equity well and accurately reflects financial performance, strengthening the relationship/influence of the debt-equity ratio on share prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mine cannot operate without environmental monitoring systems and basic mining machinery and equipment. In individual mines, these systems work in various configurations. Current information from these systems is visualized in the mine dispatch rooms. This article presents the basic structure of the visualization system, focusing on those most commonly used in our mines. It highlights that the diversity of monitoring systems used does not favor their unification and integration, aimed at providing the entrepreneur with essential data necessary for making crucial decisions related not only to the functioning of individual facilities within a company but, most importantly, the entire enterprise. The article introduces a new proprietary HADES visualization system program used in JSW SA mines. This program, named after the first micro-processor based dispatching system implemented in Polish mines several decades ago, enables the entrepreneur to make key decisions regarding the operation of the entire coal company and its individual facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]