Search

The aim was to investigate how the congruence of odors and visual objects in virtual reality (VR) affects later memory recall of the objects. Participants (N = 30) interacted with 12 objects in VR. The interaction was varied by odor congruency (i.e., the odor matched the object's visual appearance, the odor did not match the object's visual appearance, or the object had no odor); odor quality (i.e., an authentic or a synthetic odor); and interaction type (i.e., participants could look and manipulate or could only look at objects). After interacting with the 12 objects, incidental memory performance was measured with a free recall task. In addition, the participants rated the pleasantness and arousal of the interaction with each object. The results showed that the participants remembered significantly more objects with congruent odors than objects with incongruent odors or odorless objects. Furthermore, interaction with congruent objects was rated significantly more pleasant and relaxed than interaction with incongruent objects. Odor quality and interaction type did not have significant effects on recall or emotional ratings. These results can be utilized in the development of multisensory VR applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of juncture in the perspective of the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context is limited, particularly to the one associated with the recalling process. This research aims to describe a glimpse of the juncture phenomenon by indicating the phonetic recalling process. An experimental method was applied to conduct the research. An experiment involving stimuli to phonetic knowledge was given to participants in the EFL context. There were twenty students involved in this experimental study. Analysed acoustically, the result of the preliminary data shows that junctures may occur during speech production of the stimuli with the indication of the phonetic recalling process at the syllabic level. This indication might refer to the participants' attempt to re-access the phonetic knowledge stored in the brain. The pause duration might mark the occurrence of junctures, indicating phonetic recalling. It was also revealed that the participants' attitudes towards the English might influence the occurrence of junctures. The study showed that junctures happened before pronouncing the words in monosyllabic words. In contrast, juncture might occur in the first, middle, and last syllable in multisyllabic words. The locations of junctures might relate to the most unfamiliar syllable of the words from the participants' perspective. From this perspective, juncture may also occur in other speakers, not only Sundanese but also other foreign languages, not only English. This preliminary research may serve as a foundation to conduct a relevant study on the other local or regional languages in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most common interests among cognitive psychologists is establishing ways to enhance human learning. An additional layer of complexity has been brought on by the rapid evolution of technology. Specifically, examining if the mechanisms involved in typing differ from those involved in handwriting. The literature concerning the implications of encoding modality on memory have been inconclusive. This present research examined whether encoding modality resulted in performance differences for word recall. Wammes et al.'s (2016) drawing versus handwriting methodology was utilized with the addition of a typing condition. The results replicated the drawing effect, whereby drawn words were better recalled than handwritten ones. Overall, the evidence did not suggest that the mechanisms involved in handwriting led to better free recall than those involved in typing. However, if the pen is indeed mightier than the keyboard (Mueller & Oppenheimer, 2014), then the effect is not explained by visual attention or sensorimotor action differences between modalities. Implications for education are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Free recall tasks target cognitive and linguistic processes such as episodic memory, lexical access, and retrieval. Consequently, the free recall paradigm is suitable for assessing memory deterioration caused by aging, which can be influenced by stimulus presentation modality. Hence, the present study aimed to determine if aging has an effect on visual and auditory recall abilities. Materials and Methods: Twenty young adults (mean age: 25.4 ± 0.99) and older adults (mean age: 63.3 ± 3.51) participated in the study. Participants performed a free recall task under two conditions - related and unrelated and two modalities - visual and auditory where they were instructed to recall as many items as possible with no specific order and time limit. Results: Free recall performance was calculated as the mean number of correctly recalled items. Although younger participants recalled a higher number of items, the performance across conditions and modality was variable. Conclusions: The findings of the present study revealed an age-related decline in the efficiency of episodic memory, which is crucial to remember recent events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated mixed-emotional memories in groups of young, young-old, and old-old participants. We used a "word-suffix approach" to simulate the co-occurrence of positive and negative emotions. The participants engaged in a free-recall task for valenced words and mixed-emotional words (valenced words coupled with pejorative or endearment suffixes). Our results showed that the groups of older adults recalled higher numbers of suffixed words compared to their younger counterparts. Our findings highlighted older adults' tendency to perceive and remember emotionally ambivalent words to a greater extent than younger adults and showed that the young-old participants were particularly good at solving ambivalence by focusing on positive-dominant ambivalent words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptive memory recall requires a rapid and flexible switch from external perceptual reminders to internal mnemonic representations. However, owing to the limited temporal or spatial resolution of brain imaging modalities used in isolation, the hippocampal–cortical dynamics supporting this process remain unknown. We thus employed an object-scene cued recall paradigm across two studies, including intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) and high-density scalp EEG. First, a sustained increase in hippocampal high gamma power (55 to 110 Hz) emerged 500 ms after cue onset and distinguished successful vs. unsuccessful recall. This increase in gamma power for successful recall was followed by a decrease in hippocampal alpha power (8 to 12 Hz). Intriguingly, the hippocampal gamma power increase marked the moment at which extrahippocampal activation patterns shifted from perceptual cue toward mnemonic target representations. In parallel, source-localized EEG alpha power revealed that the recall signal progresses from hippocampus to posterior parietal cortex and then to medial prefrontal cortex. Together, these results identify the hippocampus as the switchboard between perception and memory and elucidate the ensuing hippocampal–cortical dynamics supporting the recall process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hippocampal ripples are prominent synchronization events generated by hippocampal neuronal assemblies. To date, ripples have been primarily associated with navigational memory in rodents and short-term episodic recollections in humans. Here, we uncover different profiles of ripple activity in the human hippocampus during the retrieval of recent and remote autobiographical events and semantic facts. We found that the ripple rate increased significantly before reported recall compared to control conditions. Patterns of ripple activity across multiple hippocampal sites demonstrated remarkable specificity for memory type. Intriguingly, these ripple patterns revealed a semantization dimension, in which patterns associated with autobiographical contents become similar to those of semantic memory as a function of memory age. Finally, widely distributed sites across the neocortex exhibited ripple-coupled activations during recollection, with the strongest activation found within the default mode network. Our results thus reveal a key role for hippocampal ripples in orchestrating hippocampal-cortical communication across large-scale networks involved in conscious recollection. • Simultaneous iEEG recordings of cortex and hippocampal ripples linked to cognition • Ripples selectively activate during autobiographic and semantic memory recall • Multisite ripple activity patterns reflect memory semantization processes • Ripples coordinate a DMN-centered cortical-hippocampal interplay during recall Norman et al. report that synchronous hippocampal bursts (ripples) selectively emerge when patients recall past autobiographical events. Those ripples form spatial patterns that become increasingly similar to semantic-memory patterns, the more remote the memory. The results demonstrate the pivotal role of ripples in coordinating recollections in the human brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]