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Employing a panel (1995-2015) of large R&D spending pharmaceutical firms, we investigate how internal basic research increases a firm’s innovative performance. We disentangle two mechanisms through which internal basic research affects technology development: (1) as strengthening of the firm’s absorptive capacity to build on externally conducted science, and (2) as a direct source of the firm’s innovation. We find that the positive relationship between internal basic research and innovation performance is significantly mediated by these two mechanisms, with the absorptive capacity mechanism relatively more important. The mediation relationships are more pronounced in recent years, with basic research as a direct source of innovation increasing in importance. This pattern is associated with a decline of corporate investments in basic research over time, and suggests that firms have adopted a more judicious and targeted approach to basic research aimed at getting more leverage out of a smaller commitment to basic research. ispartof: Industry And Innovation vol:29 issue:3 pages:396-424 status: Published online

We examine the effect of R&D on foreign subsidiaries’ productivity performance. We argue that both local R&D expenditures in the subsidiary and R&D conducted in the wider network of the multinational enterprise (MNE) for the subsidiary improve productivity but that their respective roles depend on whether the host country of the subsidiary is at or below the global technology frontier. Local R&D is more effective if the host country is at the frontier, while R&D conducted in the MNE network is more effective if the host country is behind the frontier. In the latter case, both types of R&D are complementary and reinforce each other’s effect on productivity performance. We test hypotheses on fine-grained longitudinal micro data on affiliate productivity and R&D investments. We estimate dynamic productivity models controlling for endogeneity and allowing for declining returns to R&D and productivity convergence. ispartof: Management International Review vol:61 issue:6 pages:745-767 status: Published online

İnovasyon, firma performansının ve uzun dönemli iktisadi büyümenin en önemli kaynaklarından biridir. İnovasyon sürecinde ortaya çıkan teknolojik bilginin rekabetçi ve dışlanabilir olmaması ortaya çıktıktan sonra diğer birimler tarafından da kullanılmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bilgi yayılmaları olarak adlandırılan bu olgu firmaların inovasyon faaliyetlerini ve performanslarını farklı şekillerde etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’deki imalat ve hizmet firmalarında sektör içi teknolojik bilgi yayılmalarının inovasyon yatırımına, inovasyon çıktısına ve verimliliğe olan etkisini incelemektedir. TÜİK Yenilik Araştırması mikro veri seti ve Crépon, Duguet ve Mairesse (1998) tarafından geliştirilen CDM Modeli kullanılarak ulaşılan bulgular imalat sanayi firmalarında yayılmaların inovasyon yatırım kararı alma olasılığını ve inovasyon yatırım düzeyini düşürdüğü, ürün ve süreç inovasyonlarının olasılıklarını artırdığı, verimliliği ise doğrudan etkilemediği görülmektedir. Hizmet firmalarında ise yayılmaların inovasyona ve verimliliğe etkisi gözlemlenememiştir. Innovation is one of the most important sources of firm performance and long run economic growth. The fact that the technological knowledge emerging in the innovation process is non-rivalry and non-excludable allows it to be used by other agents after it was created. This phenomenon, which is called knowledge spillovers, affects innovation activities and performances of firms in different ways. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine the impact of intra-sectoral technological knowledge spillovers on innovation investment, innovation outcome, and productivity in manufacturing and service firms in Turkey. The findings obtained by using TURKSTAT Innovation Survey micro dataset and the CDM Model developed by Crépon, Duguet and Mairesse (1998) indicate that spillovers reduce the probability of innovation investment decision and the level of innovation investment, increase the probability of product and process innovations but do not affect productivity directly in manufacturing firms. In service firms, however, the effect of spillovers on innovation and productivity was not observed.

Do labor mobility and co-worker networks contribute to convergence or divergence between regions? Based on the previous literature, labor mobility contributes to knowledge transfer between firms. Therefore, mobility may contribute to decreasing productivity differences, while limited mobility sustains higher differences. The effect of co-worker networks, however, can be two-fold in this process, they transmit information about potential jobs, which may enhance the mobility of workers—even between regions—and this enhanced mobility may contribute to levelling of differences. However, if mobility between regions involves movement costs, co-worker networks may concentrate locally—possibly contributing to the persistence of regional differences. In this paper, we build an agent-based model of labor mobility across firms and regions with knowledge spillovers that reflects key empirical observations on labor markets. We analyze the impact of network information provided about potential employers in this model and find that it contributes to increasing inter-regional mobility, and subsequently, to decreasing regional differences. We also find that both the density of coworker networks, as well as their regional concentrations, decrease if network information is available.