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A floristic exploration was carried out of the epiphyllous bryophytes in Mount Tebu Forest Reserve, in the state of Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Epiphyllous liverworts are reported for the first time from Terengganu. A total of 54 species from 18 genera and seven families of epiphyllous bryophytes were discovered, and of these, 43 liverworts are newly reported from Terengganu. The largest family is represented by Lejeuneaceae, with 44 species (81%) from 12 genera, and the largest genus is Cololejeunea, with 15 species (28%). Most of the species (43 spp., 69%) have an Indo-Pacific distribution.

This communication is an effort to decipher phytogeographic alterations particularly due to exotic plants associated with the teachings and disclosures of Lord Buddha. The various exotic taxa on Indian landmass in Lord Buddha’s time had an important role to play in human sustenance and civilization. The present author, therefore, analysed plant species as contained in ‘Pali Tipitaka’ in view of plant invasion in ancient period in Indian territory. It was possible to identify total 70 exotic plant species pertaining to 66 genera and 41 angiospermic families. Majority of them (47 species) are introduced for cultivation in India to sustain human life, while 19 species exhibit wildness and integral to Indian biodiversity in present time. Their native geographical regions are deciphered consulting relevant literature. They belong to both Old and New Worlds. Importance of ancient religious scriptures is brought under clearer focus from standpoint of phytogeography and plant invasion.

Despite the uniqueness and reach of the flora from natural savannas in the Brazilian Amazon, and the existence of studies on its origin and diversity, there are no local studies associating floristic patterns with soil properties in savanna enclaves in the Amazon region of the state of Mato Grosso. Floristic composition and diversity were compared between a woody community from a rocky savanna inselberg in a transition region (RTS) between the two largest South American biomes (Cerrado-Amazon), and an enclave of rocky savanna in the Amazon (RAS), and the effects of soil properties were investigated. Floristic comparisons were also made between the two studied communities and two other rocky savanna communities near the Cerrado-Amazon transition. The flora and physical and chemical soil properties in twenty-five 20 × 20 m subplots (1 ha) in each community were sampled and georeferenced. An evident floristic distinction was found between the two studied communities, with low similarity values and a high number of indicator species. The observed and estimated richness and Rényi diversity profiles indicated lower species diversity in RAS than in RTS. Soils were found to be litholic, poorly drained, dystrophic, alic, extremely acidic, sandy and nutrient poor. Species composition and abundance was associated with soil properties in both communities. The clear difference in species composition and diversity between RTS and RAS seem to be shaped by soil properties, geographic isolation and floristic influence from the Cerrado and the Amazon. These results broaden the knowledge regarding the composition and diversity of woody plants of savannas in Amazonian enclaves and Cerrado inselbergs, and provide an important set of floristic and edaphic descriptors for the phytogeography of rocky savannas.

La distribución geográfica de las plantas, su frecuencia y abundancia constituyen importantes resortes para conocer la biodiversidad. A estas propiedades conviene unir la temporalidad vegetativa para mejorar el conocimiento de sus ocurrencias geográficas. En este trabajo se analizan estas cuestiones a partir de la comparación de información florística detallada geográficamente en dos cuadrados UTM de 10×10 km (región natural de la Alcarria, centro de España). Se aplica la metodología de índices de ocupación de la flora previamente ensayada en estudios corológicos, que implica diferenciar dos grupos florísticos: de visibilidad permanente y no permanente durante el ciclo anual. Se exponen y comparan los datos generales sobre frecuencia y abundancia relativa de ambos grupos, así como una muestra de la distribución de doce plantas no permanentes en cuatro resoluciones espaciales (1, 4, 25 y 100 km²). Los resultados permiten comprobar que se mejora la confiabilidad corológica al derivar los datos de a resolución mayor a las menores, pese a perder detalle geográfico; que las clasificaciones de las plantas no permanentes con mayor frecuencia y con mayor abundancia relativa son parecidas, pero difieren; y que el uso de cuadrículas de 2 km de lado resulta apropiado para representar sus distribuciones a escala local., Distributions, frequency and abundance of vascular plants are crucial for understanding biodiversity. It is convenient to add information on the vegetative temporary development to improve the knowledge of such occurrences on the territories. In this paper, these questions are analyzed from the comparison of detailed geographic information about flora on two UTM squares of 10 × 10 km (natural region of La Alcarria, central Spain). A specific method for performing Plant Cover Indices previously conceived for chorological studies is applied, in order to differentiate two floristic groups according their permanence and quality of being visible yearround. General data on frequency and relative abundance of both groups are exposed and compared, as well as a sample of distributions of twelve non-permanent plants at four spatial resolutions (1, 4, 25 and 100 km²). The main results are the following: a) Chorological reliability is improved by deriving data from the highest resolution to the lowest, despite losing geographical detail; b) the order of non-permanent plant standings with more frequency and relative abundance are similar, but differ; and c) the use of tetrads (4 km² grid-cells) is recommended to map vascular plant distributions at local scale., EPU-DPTO/2020/008 (Ayuda de Excelencia Profesorado Comunidad de Madrid)

Funding Information: We thank Guido W. Grimm, Orleans, France for commenting an earlier version of this manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions to improve this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors The fossil record of Lythrum is scarce and every new find brings an extra piece of the puzzle to the obscure phytogeographic history of this genus. Lythrum pollen is unique and has the potential to be recognized in palynological assemblages. Therefore, the few pre-Holocene fossil records are all pollen described from North America, Russia, and Europe. The European records are both most numerous and geologically younger than those from other parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Earliest European Lythrum pollen records are of late Miocene age and parallel to starting crown group radiation in the Eurasian clade of Lythrum. European Miocene to Pliocene Lythrum pollen morphology is comparable to that of extant species. Interestingly, the late Miocene expansion of Lythrum into Europe coincides with the decline of Decodon, and Lythrum appears to replace Decodon in late Neogene fossil palynological assemblages. publishersversion published

We evaluated the floristic and structural composition of a tree community in an ecotone between Cerrado (cerradão) and Atlantic Forest (seasonal semideciduous forest) domains located in Porto Ferreira State Park (PFSP), southeastern Brazil. We compared the floristic relationships of this ecotone with those of previous surveys carried out on the same vegetation types and checked the species distribution among the Brazilian biomes. We sampled all living trees with PBH>10 cm in 64 10x10 m plots (0.64 ha), totaling 1,755 individuals belonging to 101 species and 37 families. The richest families were Myrtaceae (13 spp.) and Fabaceae (11 spp.), and Siparuna guianensis was the most abundant species (188 individuals). We reported two threatened species. A great number of species are widely distributed, occurring in different Brazilian biomes. Floristic similarity values were low among the selected studies, but our sampled community clustered with communities of cerradão and ecotone areas of previous surveys. Our results corroborate that ecotonal areas have great tree diversity and the predominance of widely distributed species. This fact, combined with the vegetation thickening verified through historical photographs, reinforces that the study area belongs to an under-changing ecotone. Mata Atlântica encontrando o Cerrado: florística, estrutura e distribuição de espécies de uma comunidade arbórea ecotonal RESUMO: No presente estudo, avaliamos a composição florística e estrutura de uma comunidade arbórea de um ecótono entre o Cerrado (cerradão) e a Floresta Atlântica (floresta estacional semidecidual) localizado no Parque Estadual de Porto Ferreira (PEPF), sudeste do Brasil. Verificamos também as relações florísticas com outros levantamentos realizados nestas fitofisionomias, e analisamos a distribuição das espécies nos domínios fitogeográficos brasileiros. Para isso amostramos todos os indivíduos vivos com PAP >10cm em 64 parcelas de 10x10m (0,64 ha), totalizando 1755 indivíduos pertencentes a 101 espécies e 37 famílias. As famílias mais ricas em espécies foram Myrtaceae (13 espécies) e Fabaceae (11) sendo Siparuna guianensis a espécie mais abundante (188 indivíduos). Registramos duas espécies ameaçadas de extinção e verificamos um grande número de espécies com ampla distribuição entre os domínios fitogeográficos do Brasil. Encontramos baixos valores de similaridade florísticas entre as áreas analisadas, e a comunidade amostrada apresentou maior similaridade com levantamentos realizados em área de cerradão e ecótonos. Em síntese, os resultados corroboram a grande diversidade arbórea de áreas ecotonais, e o predomínio de espécies com ampla distribuição. Esse fato associado ao adensamento da vegetação verificado em série fotográfica histórica, reforçam que a área do estudo pertence a um ecótono em transformação. Palavras-chave: ecótono; cerradão; floresta estacional semidecidual; fitogeografia; similaridade florísticas. ABSTRACT: We evaluated the floristic and structural composition of a tree community in an ecotone between Cerrado (cerradão) and Atlantic Forest (seasonal semideciduous forest) domains located in Porto Ferreira State Park (PFSP), southeastern Brazil. We compared the floristic relationships of this ecotone with those of previous surveys carried out on the same vegetation types and checked the species distribution among the Brazilian biomes. We sampled all living trees with PBH>10 cm in 64 10x10 m plots (0.64 ha), totaling 1,755 individuals belonging to 101 species and 37 families. The richest families were Myrtaceae (13 spp.) and Fabaceae (11 spp.), and Siparuna guianensis was the most abundant species (188 individuals). We reported two threatened species. A great number of species are widely distributed, occurring in different Brazilian biomes. Floristic similarity values were low among the selected studies, but our sampled community clustered with communities of cerradão and ecotone areas of previous surveys. Our results corroborate that ecotonal areas have great tree diversity and the predominance of widely distributed species. This fact, combined with the vegetation thickening verified through historical photographs, reinforces that the study area belongs to an under-changing ecotone. Keywords: ecotone; cerradão; seasonal semideciduous forest; phytogeography; floristic similarities.

This work presents the morphology of 16 medicinal species of Lamiales used in Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil, as well comments about phytogeography, popular use in the municipality, the status of the species in the National Policy on Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics, and examples of preclinical trials. The work was performed between March and September 2020, through botanical sample of the Lamiales species presented in the book " Plantas medicinais de Alta Floresta: com contribuição a etnobotânica", obtained in rural communities and urban neighborhoods in the municipality of Alta Floresta, State of Mato Grosso. The morphological study was carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Morphology, located at the University Campus of Alta Floresta, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso. In general, the species are native (56%) with wide distributions in Brazil. Most species have glandular trichomes (72%) on the leaves and/or flowers and have been shown to be efficient and/or promising (85.5%) in studies. However, only 37.5% of these studies were conducted by the Ministry of Health. None of the species are offered as a phytotherapeutic by the Unified Health System (SUS), although six are on the last National Report of Medicinal Plants of Interest published by SUS. Based on the information provided, it is evident that these species could be used in studies about new phytotherapeutics for SUS users. Este trabajo presenta la morfología de 16 especies medicinales de Lamiales utilizadas en Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brasil, así como comentarios sobre fitogeografía, uso popular en el municipio, estatus de la especie en la Política Nacional de Plantas Medicinales y Herbolarios, y ejemplos de ensayos preclínicos. El trabajo se realizó entre marzo y septiembre de 2020, a través de muestra botánica de especies de Lamiales presentada en el libro " Plantas medicinais de Alta Floresta: com contribuição a etnobotânica", obtenida en comunidades rurales y barrios urbanos del municipio de Alta Floresta, Estado de Mato Grosso. El estudio morfológico se realizó en el Laboratorio de Morfología Vegetal, ubicado en el Recinto Universitario de Alta Floresta, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso. En general, son especies nativas (56%), con amplia distribución en Brasil. La mayoría de las especies tienen tricomas glandulares (72%) en hojas y / o flores y han demostrado ser eficientes y / o prometedoras (85,5%) en estudios preclínico. Sin embargo, solo el 37,5% de estos estudios fueron realizados por el Ministerio de Salud, ninguna especie se ofrece como fitoterapia en el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), aunque seis están incluidas en la última Lista Nacional de Plantas Medicinales de Interés Científico de la SUS. Con base en la información proporcionada, es evidente que estas especies se pueden utilizar en estudios de nuevos medicamentos a base de hierbas para usuarios del SUS. Este trabalho apresenta a morfologia de 16 espécies medicinais de Lamiales utilizadas em Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brasil, além de comentários de fitogeografia, uso popular no município, status das espécies na Política Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos, e exemplos de ensaios pré-clínicos. O trabalho foi realizado entre março e setembro de 2020, através de amostra botânica das espécies de Lamiales apresentadas no livro "Plantas medicinais de Alta Floresta: com contribuição a etnobotânica", obtidas em comunidades rurais e bairros urbanos no município de Alta Floresta, Estado de Mato Grosso. O estudo morfológico foi realizado no Laboratório de Morfologia Vegetal, localizado no Campus Universitário de Alta Floresta, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso. No geral, são espécies nativas (56%), com ampla distribuição no Brasil. A maioria das espécies possui tricomas glandulares (72%) nas folhas e/ou flores e se mostrou eficiente e/ou promissora (85,5%) em estudos. No entanto, apenas 37,5% desses estudos foram realizados pelo Ministério da Saúde, nenhuma espécie é oferecida como fitoterápico no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), embora seis constem na última Relação Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse científico pelo SUS. Com base nas informações fornecidas, fica evidente que essas espécies podem ser utilizadas em estudos de novos fitoterápicos para usuários do SUS.

The consequences of increasing urbanization in the modern world are in the field of knowledge of a wide variety of sciences, while one of the most important aspects of this problem is monitoring the biological diversity of urban areas, as the main condition for their sustainable ecological development. The study of urban flora is one of the priority areas of modern floristry and phytogeography, the scientific value of which is steadily increasing due to the strengthening, both in time and in space, of anthropogenic pressure. The purpose of the article is to identify plant species for the Red List of Threatened Animals and Plants of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the urbanized landscape of the city of Krasnoyarsk and to determine their status. As a result of the study, 56 species of protected plants in Krasnoyarsk were identified, proposed for protection in the new edition of the regional Red List of Threatened Animals and Plants of 2022. A list of Red List of Threatened Animals and Plants species was compiled indicating the main habitats and distribution in 26 established and studied model sites within the city. For each species, Latin and Russian names, main habitats, frequency of occurrence and abundance are given, in the case of authors’ own collections. The statuses of rare species of Krasnoyarsk have been determined: 1 species has an indefinite status - 4 (I); 28 species have the status 3 (R) - rare species; 25 species have status 2 (V) - vulnerable species, 2 species with status 1 (E) - endangered species.