Search

Several Middle Iranian writings mention that Zab "spōxt" Afrasiab, thereby restoring water and borders. Some modern Iranian texts ascribe the same act of shooting at Afrasiab and spōxtan of him to Arash. Could the narratives of Arash and the kingdom of Zab perhaps be two iterations of a shared tale, wherein the myth is occasionally ascribed to both a warrior and the ruler of said warrior? Shahnameh scholars have identified various justifications for the omission of Arash's story in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. We can divide these justifications into two categories: firstly, Ferdowsi's original text did not include Arash's story, and secondly, Ferdowsi's text initially included Arash's story but later removed it during the compilation of Shahnameh. This article investigates whether the Shahnameh presents and narrates the story of Arash the Archer in a distinct narrative style, potentially following the "myth turn" method. The resolution of this inquiry hinges on demonstrating the convergence of the Zab myth and the Arash myth in terms of their underlying motif, as well as substantiating the existence of other instances of transformation and interchange between Zab and Arash in other literary works. By adopting this altered perspective, it becomes plausible to propose the hypothesis that Zab Tahmasab's realm and the tale of Arash are both retellings of an ancient Indo-European myth. This myth revolves around a deity associated with illumination who bestows rainfall and traverses boundaries, thus facilitating the potential for collective migration. Furthermore, the transfer and "myth turn" from Arash to Zab are evident in various Middle Iranian and New Iranian sources and share a comparable historical context.IntroductionThe tale of Arash is an ancient Indo-Iranian myth, with indications of its existence in older Indo-European stories as well. This myth is a variation of an ancient mythological tale that revolves around the deity of illumination. Following the division of the Indo-European and, subsequently, Indo-Iranian communities, the myth underwent expansion and adaptation in diverse manifestations and under different appellations. However, the underlying narrative of all these versions remains consistent, focusing on the god's story. A diverse array of figures, including Mithra, Tashtar, Azar, Shiva, Tir, Thor, Jam, Fereydon, Zab, and Arash, depict the luminosity of Marznamaz's aquatic realm. Arash was a renowned and esteemed figure among several Aryan tribes, including Indians, Hindus, Persians, and Parthians. Prayers, coinage, and stone sculptures widely celebrated his name, character, and narrative. It is likely that both monarchs, soldiers, and the general populace invoked Arash's name. They burden themselves with numerous responsibilities and seek divine favor and safeguarding by claiming descent from him. Nevertheless, Arash's presence in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is minimal, with only a few mentions occurring beyond the expected timeframe of his life. This has prompted speculation over the omission of Arash's story in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, giving rise to several hypotheses.This article quickly examines three perspectives on the absence of the story of Arash in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. It suggests that the myth of Arash might have been included in the Shahnameh through an alternative narrative while still maintaining its essence. The tale of Arash, the deity associated with the boundary between the Indo-Iranian water regions, is believed to have originated from the king named Zab, as mentioned in certain Middle Iranian and New Iranian accounts. This phenomenon involves the shifting of attribution within a complex sequence of causes and effects, leading to the attribution of the same act of self-care at times to a warrior, at times to a ruler, and at times to God. Given that the exchange between Arash and Zab has been well-known and common since the middle Iranian period, it is reasonable to assume that Ferdowsi was aware of it. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh omits Arash's story to concentrate on narrating the story of Zab Tahmasb's kingdom.Literature ReviewArash Kamangir has been the focus of numerous studies conducted during the past two centuries. Some of the studies pertaining to Arash or indirectly addressing Arash include: The scholarly article "The preeminent Aryan marksman in Avesta and Tabari" was authored by Noldeke in 1881. This article asserts that the historical context of Arash's narrative predates the Iranian era. The Rigveda mentions Arash, an Indo-Iranian figure, as Ariksha.The article "Arash Kamangir and Vishnu," authored by Ziauddin Dashtakhaki and Pourkhalaghi Chatroudi in 2013, examines the similarities and differences between Vishnu and Arash. It sheds light on Arash's history and identity as an Aryan (Indo-Iranian) with potential pre-Aryan origins.The essay "Who was Arash Shawatir?" by Mariya (2012) provides valuable insights on the perspective of Iranians during the Sassanid period regarding the narrative of Arash. It also explores the Indo-Iranian origins of this tale.The article "The Absence of Arash Kamangir in the Shahnameh," authored by Jabri and Kehrizi in 2013, examines the rationale behind the omission of Arash's narrative in the Shahnameh. The authors argue that the antagonistic relationship between the Sassanid ruling structure and Arash, which manifested itself at the levels of kings, Khawases, and Mobdans, is responsible for this omission.The article "Why is the story of Arash Kamangir not in the Shahnameh?" by Khatibi (2016) examines the reasons behind the absence of the story of Arash in the Shahnameh. It explores the inclusion of Scythian narratives related to the Rostam family in the Iranian national epic and the impact of these narratives on the portrayal of Arash Kamangir.MethodologyThis article employs a research methodology that combines both descriptive and analytical approaches. In addition to referencing legendary sources, the study draws upon the views of renowned mythologists such as Heinels, Eliade, Karnoy, Dumzil, and others.ConclusionDespite Arash's significant popularity among the Aryan descendants, Ferdowsi's Shahnameh does not include his name in the expected timeframe. This omission has led Shahnameh experts to propose many explanations for the matter. This article aimed to scrutinize the historical evidence of Arash's narrative, irrespective of the mention of his name, and subsequently identify any references to him within the Shahnameh. Arash belongs to the Irdan group, which is associated with the luminous Marznama water space. He is also part of a family that includes numerous Aryan gods and deities, such as Mithra, Tashtar, Vishnu, Jam, Fereydun, Kiqbad, and Kikhusro. Indo-Iranian mythology prominently features this deity, particularly in the Shahnameh. The Shahnameh depicts it as intervening during periods of drought and darkness that plague the Aryan homelands. By warding off malevolent spirits and restoring light, boundaries, and water, this god restores balance and prosperity. Periods of drought and darkness marked the late Manouchehr kingdom in Iran, leading to the removal of boundaries and water. The era in Shahnameh concludes with the arrival of Zab, who successfully expels Afrasiab and reinstates the borders and water resources. Ferdowsi's narrative style may account for the omission of Arash during this significant period, which encompassed his life and death. Ferdowsi derived this narrative from the exchange and transmission between Arash and Zab, intricately linking it to the story of Hardoshan and the mythological deity of light at the border. The middle Iranian period marked the beginning of this linguistic shift, which persisted into the modern Iranian period. Ferdowsi's awareness of the shift between the names Arash and Zab and their interconnected stories is reasonable. Therefore, by including the story of the kingdom of Zab, there is an opportunity to fill the gap in the narration of Arash's story.

Right-wing extremism is a form of political extremism. In recent years, strengthening far-right forces has been an unnoticeable trend and a global problem. The main aim of the study will be to find out whether and to what extent the inclination of the respondents living in the territory of the Prešov and Košice regions is related to the views and attitudes of the extreme right in Slovakia in the context of the above-mentioned socio-political developments related to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In addition to the theoretical definition of the basic terminological background, the paper includes the interpretation of the results of quantitative research aimed at determining the degree of acceptance of right-wing radicalism and extremism and identifying the manifestations of covert and overt support for these phenomena in eastern Slovakia in the context of the war in Ukraine. The article uses analytical and descriptive methods and a representative survey by a questionnaire.

Objective: to substantiate the existence of national cyber sovereignty as a legal concept; by introducing the concept of state cyber interests as an innovative determinant, to review the traditional concepts of national sovereignty and state borders in the context of the dynamic nature of cyberspace and the need to develop a hybrid mechanism for cyber borders protection, based simultaneously on law and technology.Methods: the doctrinal method was used to identify the basic discrepancies in the views of leading scientists in different fields on fundamental theoretical-methodological, conceptual and categorical issues, including the justification of a single algorithm for establishing borders in cyberspace. The doctrinal method is supplemented by the analysis of judicial practice of different countries, which allows considering the courts extending their jurisdiction to disputes related to cyberspace.Results: the study presents the application of traditional and modern legal concepts of sovereignty in the new digital environment, resulting in a combination of legal and technological approaches. The author reveals functional significance of the concept of state cyber interests for demarcating cyberspace and defining the boundaries of national sovereignty. The adaptability of this concept to the technically uncertain nature of cyberspace is shown. The conclusion is made about the main directions in forming the concept of cyber interests in cyberspace and its political and legal implications, based, among other things, on the practice of courts of different countries in resolving cyber disputes.Scientific novelty: the concept of state cyber interests is considered as an innovative method of defining cyber borders. It leads to the transformation of the traditional sovereignty concept and the close national interest concept in relation to cyberspace in the context of fulfilling security requirements and intensifying national defense against cyber threats.Practical significance: the obtained results eliminate existing contradictions in the definition of sovereignty and its spatial limits under the modern technology development; contribute to the elaboration of a disciplinary standard of cyber sovereignty based on a reliable demarcator necessary for the definition of state sovereignty and borders in cyberspace; adapt traditional legal concepts of sovereignty and national interests to the global modern cyber challenges; contribute to the transformation of traditional legal concepts of sovereignty and national interests in cyberspace.

Amapá, in the Brazilian Amazon, and the Province of Santa Cruz, in Argentine Patagonia, are considered both frontier territories, as much in terms of the frontier geography as the forms of development. These facts have produced significant conflict situations. The central objective of the research was to analyze capitalist accumulation in the border zone in two provinces/states, one in the north; and the other in the south of the South American continent, concerning the big economic projects and the disputes facing socio-territorial movements. In terms of method, we start from decolonialism and political ecology as a way of demonstrating the relevance of socio-territorial movements, based on orality, information from official databases, maps and images. images. As a result, we realized that developmentalist discourses prevail, whether via the state or large capitalist enterprises, leading to the denial or disqualification of those who are either directly affected or deterritorialized; or who fight for the right to a living territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores and discusses the visual symbolic imaginaries generated by four artificial intelligence (AI) programs regarding the Mexico-United States border. The visual production hinges upon six key concepts that emerge from the general theme: “Most relevant symbolic imaginaries of the wall, violence, woman, childhood, inequality, and migration related to the Mexico-United States border.” The AI programs used to produce the images are Midjourney, Leonardo.ai, Stable Diffusion, and Dall-E 2. An experimental methodology defines the key concepts and symbolic imaginaries at the border between the United States and Mexico through ChatGPT 3.5. The images have been obtained by translating the written concepts into images using such programs. The generative image programs are conceptualized based on the aesthetic apparatus theory and the posthuman vision. The images are analyzed using the theory of social, cultural, and symbolic imaginaries. The analysis reveals ideological biases and aesthetic tendencies in the visually synthesized symbolic imaginaries and rhetorical regimes of the Mexico-United States border through generative image production programs. It also builds a critical-sociopolitical perspective on three main aspects: a conceptualization of generative image programs as techno-aesthetic apparatuses, a reflection on the creative construction processes of visual discourses produced by AI devices, and an examination of the ideological and aesthetic biases of the images understood as techno-aesthetic objects obtained from this visual production technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been scrutinized he history of illicit trade between Ukraine and Russia since 2014 until nowadays. It has been analyzed the changes in legal system, which are related to the ban of trading operations and the retrospective issues of decriminalization of smuggling. The author has got known about the role of customs and law enforcement bodies’ activity within combating illegal trade and violation of customs rules. The 10 years’ statistics data about the tendencies of the decrease in the smuggling index of various goods has been issued since 2022. It was proved that the most popular contraband goods were counterfeit tobacco products, auto parts, fuel, weapons, drugs, cultural values, etc. The activities of smugglers led to economic losses and failure to receive funds to the state treasure. The importance of the necessity to mix the methodological approaches in social and humanitarian sciences has been stressed. A wide historiographical base is used: legal studies make it possible to analyze the legislative chronology, economic – the consequences for the state that we have as a result of illegal trade. Periodicals of the World Customs Organization, reports of law enforcement and customs bodies represent a statistical value for analysis. There has been proved that the scrutinized issues about the contraband between Ukraine and Russia during 10 years of ‘hybrid’ war are topical and make the necessity to find out the new data about illicit trades activity. The topicality is also related to the absence of the complex scientific works which research this chronological period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasado y Memoria. Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Pasado y Memoria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The North East Region of India, comprising Meghalaya, Assam, Tripura, Sikkim, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Mizoram, is characterized by a distinctive blend of ethnic, cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity. Connected to the rest of the country via the Siliguri Corridor, also known as Chicken’s Neck, this paper delves into the historical context of conflicts in the region. It assesses various contributing factors such as ethnic diversity, migration patterns, resource allocation, and political interests. Given China's proximity through its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to the Siliguri Corridor, India's attention to this area becomes crucial. Furthermore, the paper evaluates the socio-economic impact of these conflicts and proposes potential strategies for conflict resolution and peace-building efforts. Specifically, it focuses on analyzing border disputes between Assam and neighboring Northeastern states, identifies primary causes of conflict, and offers actionable recommendations for resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada is the property of Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Quebec, geopolitics has not given rise, as a research field, to lively epistemological debates as was the case in France and elsewhere. At the crossroads of the French and Anglo‐Saxon schools of thought, Quebec's geopolitics developed progressively, with a few pioneers in the 1960s, to become an integral part of the geography discipline in the 1980s, driven by geopolitical issues related to the issue of Quebec within Canada. From the 2000s onwards, geopolitics diversified and became more international, becoming a commonly accepted sub‐field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Migraciones is the property of Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Field Ornithology is the property of Resilience Alliance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mainstream approach of regional integration impact assessments is mainly limited to assessing cross-border development projects/programmes. There is still a lack of critical assessment of how stakeholders at different institutional levels conceptualise the border. Local (municipal) strategic plans provide a reflection of the spatial imaginaries of stakeholders, perception planners, institutional power structures, and, to some extent meaning of the border to the local people. Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) in South Africa were adopted as an important development planning strategy in the post-apartheid era. IDPs of 49 borderland municipalities were systematically reviewed using the Key-Word-in-Context (KWIC) content analysis technique of the keyword 'border' to determine the importance of state borders in light of regional integration. Border security and management is one of the most common themes associated with the border. This suggested that borders were mainly perceived as threats and barely considered as a potential resource for cross-border cooperation or integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Executive Summary: This paper examines the staffing needs of the US Department of Justice's Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR), as it seeks to eliminate an immigration court backlog, which approached 2.5 million pending cases at the end of fiscal year (FY) 2023. A previous study by the Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) attributed the backlog to systemic, long-neglected problems in the broader US immigration system. This paper provides updated estimates of the number of immigration judges (IJs) and "judge teams" (IJ teams) needed to eliminate the backlog over ten and five years based on different case receipt and completion scenarios. It also introduces a data tool that will permit policymakers, administrators and researchers to make their own estimates of IJ team hiring needs based on changing case receipt and completion data. Finally, the paper outlines the pressing need for reform of the US immigration system, including a well-resourced, robust, and independent court system, particularly in light of record "encounters" of migrants at US borders in FY 2022 and 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narcotic Detection Dogs (NDDs) are essential tools in the fight against drug trafficking, acting with high precision and improving efficiency at border posts. When trained efficiently, these dogs can detect a great variety of compounds, such as cocaine, marijuana and its derivatives, and synthetic drugs, among others. Most of the knowledge on canine detection processes and efficiency has been determined in experimentally controlled conditions, but narcotic seizures detected by dogs in realistic anti-drug operations have not yet been critically determined in a Country with continental dimensions such as Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the data set concerning the performance, operations, efficiency, and success rate of NDDs used by the Brazilian Customs Authority (Aduana) in the fight against drug trafficking. Narcotic seizure rates increased in luggage and packages detected by NDDs working at border crossings from 2010 to 2020, with an estimated value of over US$ 2 billion in losses to the cocaine drug trafficking business. NDD units also increased most narcotic groups seized in the same period. The number of NDDs and anti-drug operations, and Customs Border Post (CBP) influenced the rates of drugs seized. NDDs provided an increase of 3,157 kg/animal of drugs seized for every new dog introduced into the inspection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the analysis of some contemporary Mexican literary works, in which the southern or northern geographical border of Mexico is represented as a counterhegemonic, violent, and geopolitically vulnerable space. For this purpose, the novels 2666 (2004), by Roberto Bolaño To the other side (2008), by Heriberto Yépez; The Scorched Lands (2015), by Emiliano Monge, and the testimonial collection of poems The Central American Book of the Dead (2018), by Balam Rodrigo will be reviewed in particular. In these texts, the border is configured as a territory of multiple sociocultural relations and economic transactions, in which particular values and interests are conditioned by the laws of the market. In each of these texts, drug trafficking is present directly or indirectly, who controls, manages, or eliminates everything that seems useless. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Mexico is located along the U.S.–Mexico border, and as such, Spanish, English, and language mixing form an integral part of the New Mexican identity. New Mexico is often divided into a northern and a southern region with the north known for Spanish archaisms due to historic isolation, and the south associated with ties to a Mexican identity due to the location of the U.S.–Mexico border. The current study uses perceptual dialectology to capture the way in which speakers in the south of New Mexico perceive this north/south divide and communicate their identity. Overall, there is evidence of the north/south divide, but speakers in southern New Mexico focus much more on language use such as Spanglish, English, and Spanish than on their northern counterparts. Participants reference language mixing over language "purity" and borders over an explicit rural/urban divide. Like previous accounts, we see reference to the "correctness" of both English and Spanish, examples of specific terminology used in different parts of the state, and descriptions of accents throughout the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article expands on David Garland’s proposal that punitive practices are influenced by logics of (in)sensitivity, shaping how punishment is conceived and applied. It argues that (in)sensitivity is not a mere peripheral aspect of punishment but a central element thereof. Drawing from this premise, the article elucidates the most prominent features of Garland’s proposition, highlighting the conceptual framework it builds upon. Based on this foundation, the discussion branches into two closely related directions. Firstly, it analytically explores Garland’s contribution, explicating the depth underlying notions of meaning and sensitivity; a development that will underscore the significance of corporeality in fully understanding the imposition of punishment. Secondly, this analysis will be projected onto the context of the current discursive hegemony of security and, more specifically, in the specific manner it manifests in the regulation of migrant mobility. The undeniable preeminence of securitized borders will thus become the fundamental space of analysis to project Garland’s proposal regarding an underlying (in)sensitivity permeating the imposition of punishment. Within this context, it asserts that migrant bodies crossing the border endure punishment, yet their suffering lacks empathy within the security discourse

pp. 1-16 This article analyzes how Carmen Boullosa uses the polyphony of narrative voices and fragmented narration in Texas: La Gran Ladronería en el lejano Norte ( 2012), to question the structure of society through testimonies about an event that marked a drastic change in the social network from the perspective of socially excluded characters and how these testimonies give them power in the dynamics of the book. Texas is set in the year 1859 on the border between Mexico and the United States in the cities of Bruneville and Matasánchez. It tells the story of an ethnically diverse area, which generates a divided and tense society where cultural and power clashes exist. Supported by the theories of subalternity and ethnic studies, I analyze how Boullosa makes a series of criticisms about the social inequality that existed at the time, on the one hand, and identify the subaltern voices through a narrative discourse that makes visible actors who have been omitted from the official history for being considered secondary.

This study is to report the demographics, incidence, and patterns of spinal injuries associated with border crossings resulting from a fall from a significant height. A retrospective cohort study was performed at a Level I trauma center from January 2016 to December 2021 to identify all patients who fell from a significant height while traversing the U.S.-Mexico border and were subsequently admitted. A total of 448 patients were identified. Of the 448 patients, 117 (26.2%) had spine injuries and 39 (33.3%) underwent operative fixation. Females had a significantly higher incidence of spine injuries (60% vs. 40%; p?15 (RR?=?3.2; p?15 sustained falls from a higher distance (median 6.1 vs. 5.5?m) and had a longer length of ICU stay (median 3 vs. 0 days). All patients with operative spine injuries had an ISS >15 relative to 50% of patients with non-operative spine injuries (median ISS 20 vs. 15; p?0.001). Patients with spine trauma requiring surgery had a higher incidence of head (RR?=?3.5; p 0.0353) and chest injuries (RR?=?6.0; p?=?0.0238), but a lower incidence of lower extremity injuries (RR?=?0.5; p?

The article analyzes the involvement of the United States in the events of the Mexican Revolution in relation to the situa-tion on the border of the two countries. Based on archival and published sources, it shows how socio-economic, legal and military factors influenced the decision-making process by officials in Mexico City and Washington, as well as non-state forces represented by rebel groups. It is noted that among the tools for achieving foreign policy goals and gaining ad-vantages over opponents during the revolutionary struggle, there was a constant appeal to the concept of “neutrality.” The rapprochement of the United States with the constitutionalist movement in 1913–1914 and the search for reducing the risk of war between the two countries in 1916 stand out as hall-marks. It is emphasized that due to this, Mexican-American relations were a complex combination of conflict and mutual interests.

The changes caused by globalization and entering the age of information and communication have caused geographical spaces to be mixed and spatial links to expand to a significant extent. This increase has caused the communication functions of borders to increase significantly. However, with the spread of the Corona virus, extensive changes were made at once, and the links between geographical spaces were transformed, and the communication function of borders was greatly affected. Based on this, in the current research, which has been carried out using a descriptive and analytical method, an attempt has been made to answer the question of what effects the spread of the corona virus has had on the communication function of borders in Southwest Asia. The results of the present research show that the spread of the Corona virus has greatly affected the communication function of borders in Southwest Asia and has reduced the links between spaces to the extent that in some cases it has been replaced by a barrier function. Although the corona virus disease has been controlled and subsided to a certain extent, it seems that human societies will face many such diseases and problems in the future, and the results of the current research can provide the basis for countries' preparation and insecurity. can significantly reduce the challenes caused by these kinds of problems.The changes caused by globalization and entering the age of information and communication have caused geographical spaces to be mixed and spatial links to expand to a significant extent. This increase has caused the communication functions of borders to increase significantly. However, with the spread of the Corona virus, extensive changes were made at once, and the links between geographical spaces were transformed, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article expands on David Garland's proposal that punitive practices are influenced by logics of (in)sensitivity, shaping how punishment is conceived and applied. It argues that (in)sensitivity is not a mere peripheral aspect of punishment but a central element thereof. Drawing from this premise, the article elucidates the most prominent features of Garland's proposition, highlighting the conceptual framework it builds upon. Based on this foundation, the discussion branches into two closely related directions. Firstly, it analytically explores Garland's contribution, explicating the depth underlying notions of meaning and sensitivity; a development that will underscore the significance of corporeality in fully understanding the imposition of punishment. Secondly, this analysis will be projected onto the context of the current discursive hegemony of security and, more specifically, in the specific manner it manifests in the regulation of migrant mobility. The undeniable preeminence of securitized borders will thus become the fundamental space of analysis to project Garland's proposal regarding an underlying (in)sensitivity permeating the imposition of punishment. Within this context, it asserts that migrant bodies crossing the border endure punishment, yet their suffering lacks empathy within the security discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Border Cantos (2016), a collaboration between experimental composer Guillermo Galindo and photographer Richard Misrach, delves into the multisensory narratives of migration along the US-Mexico border. Misrach's photographs capture the landscapes and traces of bodies crossing the border and their arduous journeys. In parallel, Galindo transforms artifacts and debris from the border into sound objects, creating compositions that echo and reinterpret the experiences of migrants. The chants, rhythms, and visual narratives of this work deeply resonate with the stories of those crossing the border in search of safety, opportunities, or reconnection with their loved ones. In this article, my analysis focuses on the complex interplay between sound and image in Border Cantos, contextualizing it within the broad landscape of Latin American artistic expressions. I highlight the role of singing in reference to the Mexican cantares and Ezra Pound's Cantos as a living archive that captures and transmits alternative narratives. I analyze the canto as a transformative medium, seeing it not just as repetition but as a continuous and amplified rhythm of breath. I argue that Border Cantos and its nuanced representation of singing expand our understanding of migration stories, our notions of artistic expression, and archival imaginations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pixo: Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade is the property of Pixo Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study focuses on the historical landscape of the Douro River. The regional and local values of medieval cultural heritage elements were explored from “Demarcações de Fronteira” - a demarcation book dated from 1537-1538 - to understand the places and medieval testimonies of political, social, and economic relations between the two medieval kingdoms of Portugal and Castile. A document analysis is intended to identify and describe the cultural elements of a specific place and a particular time and discern resilient cultural features in the landscape. In parallel, a cartographic analysis could help to identify, characterize, and localize the late medieval landscape (beginning of the 16th century). This analysis is fundamental for comparing other periods and studying the landscape resilience.

Ceuta and Melilla are two enclaves that belong to Spain in Morocco and have become the contact points of the irregular migrants coming from Africa that are attempting to reach the European continent. The enclaves have utilized innovative technology and barbed wire, but immigrant crises have occurred over the years. Despite the crises, the Spanish and Moroccan governments choose to perform a semi-permeable border. This article explains the semi-permeable border using the liberal institutional theory. This article argues that a semi-permeable border is chosen by the Spanish and Moroccan governments to fulfill their mutual self-interests. The Spanish government agrees to perform a semi-permeable border to retain the symbolic border of the region. The blurring overlap in the enclaves has put the Spanish government to use help from the European Union to conduct security measures in the region. The Moroccan government agrees to perform a semi-permeable border to retain its influence over the enclaves and uses the immigrant crises as a bargaining chip for the European Union. The European Union maximizes the performance of a semi-permeable border to pursue its interest, which is to conduct the Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Agreement.

State borders are imperative to a country as affirmation of the limits of the sovereignty of the country. A border is a strategic and vital area. The term strategic comes from the fact that a border area has natural resource potencies and a market opportunity because of its close distance from the neighboring country. It is vital since, in a political term, a border area is related to State sovereignty, defense, security, nationalism, and social, economic, and cultural aspects. This research focuses on analyzing and developing a model for settling the unresolved segment in Noel Besi-Citrana, land borders of Indonesia-Timor Leste. The method was qualitative with a case study approach. Findings showed that the unresolved segment problem in Noel Besi-Citrana had its roots in the dissenting interpretation of the 1904 Treaty. We proposed a model for settling the unresolved segment in Noel Besi-Citrana by studying the negotiation process development between Indonesia and Timor Leste is a settlement model using a top-down political approach. A political approach was considered the most effective because the regular way that is usually done causes this problem to drag on.

Narcotic Detection Dogs (NDDs) are essential tools in the fight against drug trafficking, acting with high precision and improving efficiency at border posts. When trained efficiently, these dogs can detect a great variety of compounds, such as cocaine, marijuana and its derivatives, and synthetic drugs, among others. Most of the knowledge on canine detection processes and efficiency has been determined in experimentally controlled conditions, but narcotic seizures detected by dogs in realistic anti-drug operations have not yet been critically determined in a Country with continental dimensions such as Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the data set concerning the performance, operations, efficiency, and success rate of NDDs used by the Brazilian Customs Authority (Aduana) in the fight against drug trafficking. Narcotic seizure rates increased in luggage and packages detected by NDDs working at border crossings from 2010 to 2020, with an estimated value of over US$ 2 billion in losses to the cocaine drug trafficking business. NDD units also increased most narcotic groups seized in the same period. The number of NDDs and anti-drug operations, and Customs Border Post (CBP) influenced the rates of drugs seized. NDDs provided an increase of 3,157 kg/animal of drugs seized for every new dog introduced into the inspection systems.

In the Hungarian and international geographical and sociological literature, the stages of urban development are dealt with extremely widely, so the authors refrain from describing them in detail. The relationship between crime and urban development stages is tangential in previous studies. The researchers mention a positive or negative change in the crime rate for each stage but do not go further. They do not undertake to deal with specific criminal values, the structure, or potential solutions for crime prevention. This study examines the stages of urban development from the perspective of changes in crime. Among the four stages of urban development, the study deals with suburbanization, deurbanisation, and urbanization. In doing so, it shows what main crimes are characteristic of each developmental stage. The authors also mention a new urban development phase that characterizes some European cities. These settlements are mainly located in Central Europe. As a result of the new type of forced industrialization, tens of thousands of new workers are arriving in some settlements. Some of them are foreign workers, which also has a criminogenic effect.

Borders of Russia have been gradually moving southwards since the end of the XIV century. Each movement of the frontier leads to its maintaining. In the second half of the XVII century, as a result of the consolidation of the Russian state, new fortifications were built in the Trans-Kama and Penza defensive lines. On open landscapes they had ramparts and fosses. The Penza fortified line ramparts were fixed with wooden blocks in addition to the earthen base. Probably, it is also typical for other Russian fortification systems. The study of these defensive structures allows the authors to consider their design features. Knowledge about the construction of these defensive lines became possible as a result of field works, conducted by the Mari State University. Trans-Kama line was examined in 2012 and the Penza line in 2014. While the Trans-Kama line was only examined near Mullovka, the Penza line was subjected to significant excavations, which corresponded to the study plans. The studies showed that the defensive lines of the second half of the XVII century, although they were not in keeping with the norms, nevertheless represented serious fortifications, capable if not to stop the cavalry, at least to delay it. The field works allowed us to better study the construction principles of Russian state defensive structures in the second half of the XVII century. To some extent, the changes that took place in the defensive sphere after the Time of Troubles were introduced into their construction. The construction of the defensive structures, presented in this article, took a great deal of labour and time and, nevertheless, the state had to build them.

This work explores the role of the North Border theater in the mythology of the drug trafficker; that is to say, it analyzes through which traits the drug traffickers in the studied works intend to build their masculinities and if these coincide with the portrait that the authorities are interested in disseminating. Specifically, she analyze Guerrero Negro (1988) and Fugitivos (1992) by Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda, La zona del silencio (2002) by Antonio Zúñiga, and Yamaha 300 (2004) by Cutberto López. It will point to how, the deeper we go into the 21st century, the greater the empathic distance towards drug traffickers, since the hedonism and ultraviolence of the most contemporary characters depoliticize the works.

This work proposes to carry out an analysis of the importance of Kadiwéu indigenous ceramics as a component of intangible heritage, both in the context of this particular community and within the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. To achieve this purpose, a review of the literature, covering topics related to the border, identity, cultural heritage and historical aspects related to the target community. In a subsequent phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four Kadiwéu potters, covering different ages. The methodological procedures used were intended to: a) understand the historical and cultural importance of the Kadiwéu indigenous community in the border context of Mato Grosso do Sul; b) Verify the historical, artistic and cultural relevance of ceramics within the community and how its production process takes place; c) Analyze whether the registration of Kadiwéu ceramics as intangible heritage can contribute to the appreciation of the culture of these people and the development of local tourism in the community. The analysis undertaken allowed us to identify that Kadiwéu ceramics play a fundamental role as cultural heritage, both within their own community and in the broader context of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Furthermore, the registration and documentation of Kadiwéu ceramics have the potential to encourage the appreciation and recognition of this artistic and cultural expression, as well as improving its planning, management and production. At the same time, such an initiative can contribute to improving the quality of life of this ethnic group through the preservation of their history and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital games are one of the most engaging forms of media. Players can have a first-hand experience and the possibility of feeling immersed within a digital setting where agency is exerted. This paper seeks to understand the role of digital games as new means of communication and their potential to convey messages that may defy gamers to question the moral grand narratives that shape contemporary societies. In a moment when many countries have opted to close or limit the circulation in their borders, it is important to think about the role played by the border as a historic liminal entity for the representation of societies and communities, distinguishing those who belong from those who do not. The representation of the border in digital games have tended to follow one of the main tropes explored in other media: the border as a physical space that set boundaries between different nations and different regions of the world. In order to assert the potential of digital games to offer a more comprehensive representation of the border as a liminal space, the case of Papers, Please! (2013) will be analyzed. Based on a qualitative methodology, having content analysis as primary data collection method, the paper intends to contribute to the discussion on how history may narrativized and, eventually, reinterpreted in digital games. Papers, Please! analysis will be centered on the relationship that is set between player and border, that is presented as a liminal space where the game's action takes places entirely. Moreover, the paper intends to discuss the role that has been played by digital games in the representation of serious topics and how they have evolved as communication tools beyond their role as entertainment products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an overview of Spanish language teaching in the city of Mâncio Lima - Acre. In this sense, the aim of this article is to investigate, from the field of Applied Linguistics, the teaching of Spanish in border contexts in the face of the setbacks imposed by the High School Reform (Law 13.415/2017), which establishes the non-mandatory teaching of Spanish in schools throughout Brazil. This study investigates the perceptions of three Spanish language teachers working in four state secondary schools in Mâncio Lima, which borders Peru. The methodology adopted was qualitative research with data collected using an online questionnaire (Google Forms), in order to understand, from the point of view of the Spanish language teachers in the primary school system in this municipality, the setbacks and implications of the trinational border (Acre - Peru - Bolivia) for the compulsory teaching of Spanish in schools in the state of Acre. The results show that the Spanish language continues to be taught on a compulsory basis in the city of Mâncio Lima, because it is located on the border with Peru and because it is a historically relevant language for the people of Acre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agribusiness has unleashed new territorial dynamics on the Brazil and Paraguay border. Derived from Brazilian public policies influenced by geopolitical objectives, the spillover of agribusiness into Paraguayan territory has created productive, commercial, and logistical networks that have intensified the porosity of this border. In light of this, criminal groups have used these networks to carry out cross-border crimes. Among these illicit acts, the illegal flow of pesticides and agrochemical inputs stands out, since they use the road network to transport and distribute these products to the thriving agribusiness segment, despite the asymmetry between sanitary and legal parameters between Brazil and Paraguay. Through a qualitative analysis of quantitative data and interviews with agents responsible for security in the Brazilian Border Strip, we identified the characteristics of this cross-border illicit flow and built a scenario for the period after the construction of the RILA, which will make the river border of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, with the department of Alto Paraguay, Paraguay, between the cities of Porto Murtinho and Carmelo Peralta, more porous and therefore more vulnerable to these crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is aimed to analyze, from a human rights-based approach, the experiences of persons in precarious human mobility facing the Argentina’s border closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic. How was the experience of arriving, leaving and in general, transiting with formally closed borders? Based on literature and public documents reviewing and interviews to key-informants, this contribution gives account of the initial waiting at borders and both of the difficulties and strategies to enter and transit, even in a regular manner, to thus assesses the experience from the State’s obligations arising from the human right to migrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Right-wing extremism is a form of political extremism. In recent years, strengthening far-right forces has been an unnoticeable trend and a global problem. The main aim of the study will be to find out whether and to what extent the inclination of the respondents living in the territory of the Prešov and Košice regions is related to the views and attitudes of the extreme right in Slovakia in the context of the above-mentioned socio-political developments related to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In addition to the theoretical definition of the basic terminological background, the paper includes the interpretation of the results of quantitative research aimed at determining the degree of acceptance of right-wing radicalism and extremism and identifying the manifestations of covert and overt support for these phenomena in eastern Slovakia in the context of the war in Ukraine. The article uses analytical and descriptive methods and a representative survey by a questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TraHs - Trayectorias Humanas Trascontinentales is the property of Universite de Limoges and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Conjuntura Austral is the property of Conjuntura Austral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The liminal function of rituals is an expression of the transformative power of collective processes and subjective developments. Rites, transitional activities (playing, dramas, music, literature, arts, etc.) work as vector, catalyzer, mediator and symbolic container of experiences of transformative processes. In terms of unconscious psychosocial process, liminality becomes particularly evident in all situations in which the human condition goes through crisis of identity and everyday organization of borders is at risk. On several occasions (including clearly in the book “Civilization and its Discontents”, 1930), Freud proposed that there are pathological states in which the delimitation and borders of the Ego in relation to the external world become uncertain and painful. Authors take in consideration two specific conditions of sufferance, which although are different yet show an intriguing affinity in their difficult relationship with experience of borders and in living in liminal areas: obsessive neurosis and borderline condition. In the case of obsessive neurosis, the subject, morbidly repeating a specific ceremonial ritual, shuns the border, starting over each time in the anguished search for perfection and rigid division, without ever realizing the transition to a new state. In the case of borderline sufferance, on the contrary, the impulsiveness, the lack of integration of the Self leads the subject to live perpetually on the threshold, always oscillating from one extreme to the other, without being able to move from the margin and find an integration of opposites and polarities. This paper, through contributions ranging from anthropology to psychoanalysis, figures as a seminal work in the introduction of the concept of liminality into psychodynamic theory and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author Gabriela Becker Pinto addresses institutionalization in the border area between Brazil and Uruguay in the context of the consolidation of a Regional Citizenship. The objective of the research was to investigate the possibilities of institutional and legal development in this border area. It is concluded that the border between Brazil and Uruguay is a geopolitically privileged area and that its institutional utilization enables the emergence of greater dynamism for regional integration and the functioning of Mercosur. The importance of regional integration in Latin America, specifically in the borders between Brazil and Uruguay, is highlighted, and the efforts made to improve the quality of life of the populations in the border areas are mentioned. It is concluded that these projects have significantly improved the quality of life in the border regions and have strengthened regional integration and Mercosur. The article also analyzes borders as territorial limits and places of identification, and highlights the importance of peaceful conflict resolution and the role of Regional Integration Law and Human Rights in integration processes. The Mercosur Citizenship Statute is mentioned, which establishes rights and benefits for citizens of the Mercosur Member States, including border integration. Additionally, the Legal Statute of the Brazil-Uruguay Border is mentioned, which regulates integration in the border area between these two countries. In conclusion, the borders between Brazil and Uruguay represent a laboratory for improving regional integration and creating a regional border citizenship. [Extracted from the article]

The article analyses the situation that arose after the crisis on the Poland-Belarus border in the second half of 2021. The authors use the term “borderphobia” to describe social, political and propaganda mechanisms that became a form of border space management used to legitimize and gain support for the actions taken by the right-wing populist government in Poland. The phenomenon of borderphobia can be a symbol of the symbiosis between political authoritarianism, nationalism and economic neoliberalism: the combination of these three forces affects the development of the “border industry” in Europe and in the world. The policy based on borderphobia facilitates the suspension of civil rights in the border area: this is what happened in Poland, where a state of emergency was introduced in the border area under the pretext of “border protection.” The case of building the wall on the Polish-Belarusian border can also show how the nationalist right in Poland can use the borderphobic discourse for political mobilization and in an election campaign to maintain their influence and political power in the country. The article indicates that although the leaders of right-wing populist parties believe that the slogans of defending the “security border” and building border walls can bring them political benefits, the example of the Law and Justice (PiS) party in Poland has shown that this is not always the case.

This article presents the case of the Beirut River corridor in Lebanon, which defines the administrative border between the capital Beirut, its eastern and south-eastern suburbs. The Beirut River has undergone several transformations from being a lotic environment to becoming complex urban infrastructure. This is often unnoticeable due to the scarcity of its running water and its walled existence at the edge of administrative boundaries. The separation from its riverbanks, disconnection from the urban fabric, and continuous pollution have contributed to its liminality, being simultaneously neither present nor absent. To understand this in-betweenness, the river’s spatial, temporal, and social liminality are analysed by identifying major events, actors, and key urban planning interventions that impacted the river at the national, city region, and local scales. The article explores the development of the river corridor both in terms of urbanisation and population dynamics; its distinct positionality in different periods that corresponded to major events and decisions made; and the contrasting river experiences and perceptions across generations, which vary between reminiscence and aversion. By examining the various transformative processes, collective practices, perceptions, and diverse actors, the article highlights the contextual implications of this obdurate liminality, but also Beirut River’s potential alternative future positionality amidst present and imminent urban challenges.

The border is a dangerous and ambiguous concept to deal with. Following an historical-juridical analysis of the evolution of the concept of border, the author explains what in his judgment is a proper connection that the concept of border must establish: (1) to overcome barriers, in respect of both the actors of changing traditions and customs, and in order to encourage integration and growth in the society as a whole; (2) to cleanse the concept of border from nationalist and supremacist ideas, so as to achieve a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society; (3) the right to immigration as a fully recognised universal human right.

The concept of border is a much-debated topic, also due to numerous planetary crises of political, economic, and religious origin. The present author supports both the usefulness and the necessity of the border qua psychological entity, insofar as its proper function allows for the process of psychological identification to occur. Moreover, the speed of major socio-cultural changes characterising the contemporary era is argued to be compromising the dynamic psychological balance between growth and transformation, whilst providing the illusion of the psyche as an undifferentiated whole.

This paper argues for a need to decenter the state and (re)center the human when exploring mobilities within international relations scholarship. To make this argument we bring together feminist and critical security studies, as well as multidisciplinary insights, to address the encounter between the person on the move and the enforcement of national sovereignty. This allows us to highlight the continuums of in/security and im/mobility entwined in this encounter. In so doing, we challenge the discipline’s understanding of security that is often conceptualized from the perspective of state security only, despite critiques of such understandings that emanate from and build on different critical approaches. Furthermore, feminist international relations scholarship and feminist security studies in particular have stressed the necessity to examine security and violence as continuums that traverse across sites ranging from the corporeal and intimate to the global and transnational, and which span over time. Combined with mobility studies that focus on migrant trajectories across countries, regions, and continents with periods of chosen or unwanted immobility in between, this body of scholarship helps us understand how border enforcement impacts diversely positioned persons’ lives. Such an exercise is also useful for making visible the intended and unintended consequences of policymaking that is based on state interests only, and one that refuses to acknowledge the human beings who are caught up in these consequences. Methodologically, the paper draws on long-term ethnographic research conducted at the Mexican side of the Mexico-US border and in Morocco. We have brought together insights from our respective research projects to address border externalization and its impact in two different parts of the world, enacted by two different states (the US) and supranational entities (the EU) on their neighbors to the South, likely to be economically and politically less powerful but supposedly similarly sovereign states. The paper is organized as follows: we begin the first section by discussing the key notion of state sovereignty which is enacted at the border and demonstrate how borders of certain states extend far beyond their demarcated territories. This process, conceptualized as externalization of migration management and border control, can be perceived as contradicting the sovereignty of those states subjected to these externalization practices. We then move on to the notion of security and ask the question of whose security is at stake. Here we demonstrate how the enforcement of state security jeopardizes the safety and security of those people on the move who are located in less privileged positions in the global hierarchies of mobility. In the second section, we discuss how the perspectives outlined in the previous section manifest in our two research sites. This section focuses on the continuums of mobility and immobility and those of security and insecurity, and proposes how we could begin addressing the diversely positioned human as a manifold yet full subject. We argue that International Relations scholarship usually ignores the human altogether or, at best, acknowledges the human in high-level politics drawing on the model based on the theory on rational actorness. Moreover, the analysis of insights gained at our research sites sheds light on the ways in which mobility is unevenly distributed, and how the enactment of mobility is gendered and racialized in complex ways. We conclude the paper by reflecting what these concerns might mean for international relations scholarship at the conjuncture of human im/mobility and security, and for contributing towards mobility justice.

The article examines the issue of establishing the borders of the Omsk province with neighboring territories. The main directions of the delimitation processes with Siberian provinces and the Kirghiz (Kazakh) Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic are analyzed: the allocation of certain districts of the Tyumen province under the control of Omsk; the transfer of parts of the Altai and Tomsk provinces to the Omsk province; the transfer of several districts that were part of the Akmolinsk region to the Kirghiz (Kazakh) ASSR; and the dispute over the territorial affiliation of the Ishim and Pavlodar districts by Omsk. The complexity and ambiguity of territorial demarcation resulting from spontaneous changes in Russia’s administrative-territorial system during the revolutionary events of 1917, the Civil War, and the initial transformations of the Bolsheviks are demonstrated. It is revealed that the main issue was the formation of the southern border of the Omsk province with the Kirghiz (Kazakh) ASSR, which later became the state border between Russia and Kazakhstan. It is noted that the authorities of the Omsk province systematically defended territorial interests not only of their own province but also of Siberia as a whole, being key players in the region. The conclusion is drawn that thanks to the territorial shifts in southern Western Siberia, a foundation was laid for the formation of stable borders between Siberia and the Kirghiz (Kazakh) ASSR.

The ability of local governments to optimize existing resources is of course the key for regions in implementing regional autonomy. Law Number 23 of 2014 does not completely regulate the settlement of regional boundary disputes, but what regulates the determination and confirmation of territorial boundaries both on land and at sea is contained in the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 45 of 2016 concerning Guidelines for Determining and Affirming Village Boundary. Territorial border conflicts are things that often occur in several districts, cities and even villages. The dynamics of border governance between Penyengat Village and Rawa Mekar Jaya Village is a conflict that arises because of different views regarding the agreed boundaries. There are five indicators of border governance. The method used in this research is descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques with literature study, in-depth interviews and observation. The results showed that the border management between Penyengat Village and Kampung Rawa Mekar Jaya had not been resolved as the government hoped, responsibility and equality in seeing the wishes of the community tended to be neglected. boundary.