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Objective To analyze the status of non-response to hepatitis B vaccine and its related factors in children born to mothers infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods The children born to mothers with HBV infection reported in Hunan Province from January to December 2022 were selected. All the children received hepatitis B immunoglobulin injection and 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccination and were followed up to 7-12 months of age for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HB-sAg) and anti-HBs. Both HBsAg and anti-HBs were negative, indicating that there was no response to hepatitis B vaccine in children. Unconditional binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of non-response to hepatitis B vaccine in children. Results A total of 9 792 children born to mothers infected with HBV were analyzed. Among 9 792 children, the non-response rate of hepatitis B vaccine was 9.5% (928/9 792). Non-conditional binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of non-response to hepatitis B vaccine in children born to HBeAg-positive mothers was 1.62 times higher than that in children born to HBeAg-negative mothers (OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.40-1.88). The risk of non-response to hepatitis B vaccine in children with macrosomia (birth weight ≥ 4 000g) was 1.41 times higher than that in children with normal birth weight (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.08-1.85). Maternal antiviral therapy (OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.48-0.73) and child HepB standard vaccination (OR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.57-0.78) were the protective factors of non-response to hepatitis B vaccine in children. Conclusion The non-response rate of hepatitis B vaccine in children born to HBV infected mothers is high, and it is affected by maternal HBeAg positive, antiviral therapy during pregnancy, birth weight, and standard vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kodamaea ohmeri is a rare pathogen with high mortality and is found among blood samples in a considerable proportion; however, gastrointestinal infection of K. ohmeri is extremely rare. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is also an uncommon fungal; these two fungal infections reported concomitantly are unprecedented. Case presentation: We described a case of a 37-year-old male who got infected with K. ohmeri and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. We used the mass spectrometry and histopathology to identify these two fungal infections separately. For the treatment of K. ohmeri, we chose caspofungin. As for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, we used voriconazole, amphotericin B, and then surgery. The patient was treated successfully through the collaboration of multiple disciplines. Conclusions: We speculate that the destruction of the intestinal mucosa barrier can make the intestine one of the ways for certain fungi to infect the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kodamaea ohmeri is a rare pathogen with high mortality and is found among blood samples in a considerable proportion; however, gastrointestinal infection of K. ohmeri is extremely rare. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is also an uncommon fungal; these two fungal infections reported concomitantly are unprecedented.Case Presentation: We described a case of a 37-year-old male who got infected with K. ohmeri and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. We used the mass spectrometry and histopathology to identify these two fungal infections separately. For the treatment of K. ohmeri, we chose caspofungin. As for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, we used voriconazole, amphotericin B, and then surgery. The patient was treated successfully through the collaboration of multiple disciplines.Conclusions: We speculate that the destruction of the intestinal mucosa barrier can make the intestine one of the ways for certain fungi to infect the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In summer, heat stress is one of the primary reasons for the compromised health and low milk productivity of dairy cows. Hyperthermia affects milk synthesis and secretion in the mammary glands of dairy cows. As molecules for intercellular communication, milk-derived exosomes carry genetic material, proteins, and lipids, playing a crucial role in mammary tissue growth and milk synthesis in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to explore the milk exosomal miRNA profile of heat-stressed and normal Holstein cows. We isolated and identified milk exosomes to screening for differentially expressed miRNAs using small RNA sequencing. Then, TargetScan and miRanda algorithms were used to predict the putative targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs, whereas GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed for the differentially expressed miRNA-target genes. Our results showed that 215 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in heat-stressed milk exosomes, of which one was upregulated and 214 were significantly downregulated. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that differentially expressed miRNAs might play a role in apoptosis, autophagy, and the p38 MAPK pathway. qRT-PCR assay verified that the expression of miRNAs was consistent with the sequencing results, warranting further verification of their specific targets of action. In conclusion, changes in the miRNA expression profile of milk exosomes indicated the role of exosomal miRNAs in regulating heat stress resistance and apoptosis in dairy cows. Our results suggested that milk-derived exosomal miRNAs could increase mammary gland resistance to heat stress, thereby enhancing milk synthesis in dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, and changes in defecation patterns. No organic disease is found to explain these symptoms by routine clinical examination. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for IBS patients compared with those of conventional treatments. We also aim to identify the optimal acupoint combination recommended for IBS and to clarify the clinical advantage of the "multiacupoint co-effect and synergistic effect."Methods and Analysis: A total of 204 eligible patients who meet the Rome IV criteria for IBS will be randomly stratified into acupuncture group A, acupuncture group B, or the control group in a 1:1:1 ratio with a central web-based randomization system. The prespecified acupoints used in the control group will include bilateral Tianshu (ST25), Shangjuxu (ST37), Neiguan (PC6), and Zusanli (ST36). The prespecified acupoints used in experimental group A will include bilateral Tianshu (ST25), Shangjuxu (ST37), and Neiguan (PC6). The prespecified acupoints used in experimental group B will include bilateral Tianshu (ST25), Shangjuxu (ST37), and Zusanli (ST36). Each patient will receive 12 acupuncture treatments over 4 weeks and will be followed up for 4 weeks. The primary outcome is the IBS-Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS) score. The secondary outcomes include the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), Work and Social Adjustment Score (WSAS), IBS-Quality of Life (IBS-QOL), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores. Both the primary outcome and the secondary outcome measures will be collected at baseline, at 2 and 4 weeks during the intervention, and at 6 weeks and 8 weeks after the intervention.Ethics and Dissemination: The entire project has been approved by the ethics committee of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (2020BZYLL0903).Discussion: This is a multicenter randomized controlled trial for IBS in China. The findings may shed light on the efficacy of acupuncture as an alternative to conventional IBS treatment. The results of the trial will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications.Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trials Register ChiCTR2000041215 . First registered on 12 December 2020. http://www.chictr.org.cn/ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]