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Two field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley Governorate, Egypt, during the two successful seasons of 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization at rates of 45, 60, 75, and 90 kg N/feddan in the form of urea and foliar spraying with seaweed extract (SWE) at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6 ml/l beside untreated control and their interactions between them on growth, productivity, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and head quality of lettuce cv. Dark Green, grown in sandy soil. The results clearly demonstrated that the interaction between fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, leaf pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoides, head traits such as head diameter, head fresh weight, dry matter percentage in leaves, and the total yield (ton/fed.), leaves content of N, P, and K, total soluble solids, and vitamin C in both seasons. Moreover, this interaction treatment scored relative increases about 65.84% acreage of the two seasons over the interaction between fertilizing plants with 45 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with distilled water (control plants). As for NUE and nitrate concentration in lettuce plants, fertilizing plants with 45 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l record the maximum NUE (average two seasons, 286.35 kg yield/one kg N) and the minimum nitrate concentration in leaves (average two seasons, 174.00 ppm). Despite the use of a high rate of nitrogen fertilization (90 kg/fed.) and spraying lettuce plants with SWE at 6 ml/l, which recorded the maximum yield per feddan, the percentage of nitrate (295.15 average two seasons) that was estimated in the leaves did not reach the maximum permissible limit of nitrates (2 g/kg DW). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, so it is considered one of the most suitable methods to maintain overall fruit quality, reduce decay and extend the shelf life of fruit during storage. Therefore, two experiments using fruits harvested from 14-year-old guava trees in a private farm located in Al-Busayli village, Rashied, Bohaira governorate, Egypt, during the 2021and 2022 seasons. The primary objective was to evaluate the influence of essential oils on the overall quality and extension of the shelf-life of winter guava fruit. The fruits were subjected to various treatments, including dipping in the following solutions (at 1000 ppm) for 5 minutes: control (distilled water), clove oil, eucalyptus oil, mustard oil, and jojoba oil. Subsequently, the coated fruits with essential oils were preserved in cold room with a temperature of 7±1°C and a relative humidity of 90 – 95 % for a duration of 24 days. The obtained data revealed that immersing in essential oils of winter guava fruits at concentration of 1000 ppm significantly reduced loss in weight of fruit, rot and respiration rate in addition its also improved fruit firmness. SSC%, acidity, SSC/acid ratio and ascorbic acid content compared to control treatment during cold storage. Moreover, the results show a significant reduction in loss of weight, decay, and respiration rate of guava fruits when Eucalyptus and clove oils were utilized. Furthermore, the applications of Eucalyptus and clove oils demonstrated effectiveness in keeping firmness, acidity, vitamin C content, SSC%, and SSC/acid ratio in guava fruits during the storage. In conclusion, Eucalyptus oil and cloves oil proved to be highly effective in reduce weight loss, decay, and respiration rates while concurrently maintaining the overall quality of winter guava fruits under cold storage conditions for a duration of 24 days, in comparison to the other treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was processed at the experimental orchards, Agriculture of Faculty, Assiut University, Egypt, to survey impact of nitrogen fertilizers at different sources on Manfalouty pomegranate trees growth, yield and fruit quality in 2020 and 2021seasons. The research design was randomized complete block of eight treatments with three replications. The results findings as follow Amending the advised of nitrogen dosage as twice (mineral-N plus organic or bio-form) or three sources of nitrogen fertilization were used: mineral-N, organic-N and bio-N form (mineral plus organic and bio-form) materially raised the shoot length, leaf surface, chlorophyll, leaf content of N, P and K comparing to mineral-N source only (control). All amending treatments materially raised the yield/tree, commercial fruit % and materially reduced the percentage of fruit cracking and sunburn comparable to use control. Amending with any triple form (organic + bio + mineral) materically amended the fruit traits due to raising the fruit weight, arils percentage, soluble solid contents, sugar and contents of anthocyanin and vitamin C and reducing the acidity and tannins contents comparing to use control treatment. It is obvious from the obtained data that the interest of organic and bio manures for pomegranates forms, where this is desired to amend the trees growth and nutritional status and production quality and then the package yield. Moreover, these amending reduce the production cost and ecological contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Desert Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chemical additives were found to be the most widely used and least expensive flavouring and preservatives for meat products, but they must be used within safe-permissible levels to protect customers from any negative effects. With reference to the most recent updates of the Egyptian standards, this study examines the levels of nitrite, phosphate, ascorbic acid, and monosodium glutamate as examples of chemical additives in one hundred and sixty random samples of raw minced meat, beef burgers, sausages, and frankfurters (40 of each), which were collected from different supermarkets located in Shibin Elkom city, Menoufia governorate, Egypt. While nitrite was not found in the minced meat samples, out of the analyzed samples, 92.5%, 97.5, and 100% of the tested sausage, burger, and frankfurter samples, respectively, were within the permitted limits (PL) (≤ 100 ppm) regarding their nitrite level. Furthermore, when it came to ascorbic acid PL (≤ 500 ppm), 72.5%, 100%, 87.5%, and 100% of the minced beef, sausage, burger, and frankfurter samples were within PL, respectively. Additionally, 100%, 90%, 95.0%, and 97.5% of the analyzed minced beef, sausage, burger, and frankfurter samples fell below the acceptable range for monosodium glutamate level (≤ 5000 ppm), respectively. Furthermore, the tested minced beef and sausage samples had no phosphate, whereas 72.5% of the investigated frankfurter samples were within the PL, and all of the studied burger samples were outside the PL (≤ 0.3%). So, it is advised to continuously monitor the meat production market and carefully enforce the safety requirement [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out in a private orchard located in Biala, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt to investigate the effect of Nano-fertilizers versus chemical fertilizers on the growth and productivity of Valencia orange. Two rates of Nano-fertilizers (11.45 and 19.8 g/tree) were applied to the soil, foliar, or mixed, resulting in six treatments, with chemical fertilizers (0.55, 0.12, 0.46 Kg of N, P2O5, and K2O/tree/year, respectively) serving as the control. When compared to the control, Nano-fertilizer treatments increased tree canopy volume, leaf area, chlorophyll and nutrient contents, yield, and fruit quality. T7 (19.8 g/tree-half soil and half foliar application) produced consistent results in both seasons of the study, recording the highest canopy volume, leaf area, chlorophyll and nutrient content, yield, and fruit quality, which included vitamin C and TSS. Nano-foliar application was found to be more effective than soil application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Wijam (Phytoplasma) disease of date palms is an economic threat to date palm output in Egypt. Disease symptoms were identified in various date palm-grown orchards. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze a total of ten samples from five different date palm cultivars. These samples came from both healthy and diseased trees. The findings of the nested PCR (nPCR) experiment revealed the presence of 16S rDNA phytoplasma in the trees that were infected. Furthermore, one date palm cultivar (Magdoul) showed no infection, while the other four (Khalas, Sukary, Barhi, and Zaghloul) exhibited varying degrees of infectivity. Chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll content were dramatically reduced due to biochemical alterations. Meanwhile, proline and carotenoid levels in infected plants increased while ascorbic acid and soluble sugar levels decreased. The activities of antioxidative enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, and oxidase were increased in phytoplasma-infected trees. A technique for in vitro organogenesis to propagate date palm cultivars was demonstrated. Isolated meristematic tip cultures were grown on MS media supplemented with 2,4-D 100 mg/L and 1.5 g/L charcoal for four to nine weeks, depending on the cultivar. For cvs. "Magdoul" and "Barhee," callus regeneration, shoot elongation, and multiplication were performed on MS media containing 1 mg/L NAA and 1.5 g/L activated charcoal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The globe artichoke cv. 'Balady' is considered one of the most important cultivars in Egypt due to the earliness of its flowering compared with other cultivars, but the size of its head is small. Two field experiments were conducted during 2019-2020 and 2020-2021growing seasons to assess the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin (KN) alone or in various combinations on the growth, earliness, productivity, and head quality of globe artichokes. The results showed that plants treated with combination of GA3 (20 ppm) and KN (50 ppm) had superior effects on growth, number of early heads feddan-1, total number of heads feddan-1, fresh weight of head, and head size as measured by length, and diameter of the head. Comparison with the control, the foliar spraying of 20 ppm GA3 + 50 ppm KN raised the percentages of number of early head feddan-1 by 180 %, total number of head feddan-1 by24%, head fresh weight by 8%, head length by 21% and head diameter by 21%, in both seasons. Also, the same treatment recorded the highest values for the leaf minerals and chlorophyll contents as well as head quality traits (minerals, protein, inulin and ascorbic acid content). However, only the content of total phenolic compounds in heads was reduced with all exogenous hormone applications. Therefore, the combined treatment with 20 ppm GA3 and50ppm KN might be considered as an optimal treatment to produce the highest yield with good quality of globe artichoke cv. 'Balady'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese mandarin fruits are an inexpensive and rich source of vitamin C. They have potential benefits in treating acute respiratory infections and mitigating inflammation in critical patients with COVID-19. In Egypt, citrus is the most important fruit tree but is sensitive to salinity stress, resulting in poor vegetative tree growth and reductions in productivity and fruit quality. Magnetic iron has emerged as a promising approach in the citrus tree industry, since it improves vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality and alleviates salinity stress in Chinese mandarin trees grown in soils suffering from high salt stress. This research is aimed at studying the influence of adding magnetic iron (as soil treatment) on tree canopy growth, yield, and fruit quality of 'Chinese' mandarin trees. Therefore, the treatments were as follows: 0, 250, 500, and or 750 g of magnetic iron.tree−1. Our results indicated that all applications of magnetic iron significantly improved tree canopy volume, leaf total chlorophyll, relative water content, yield (kg.tree−1), and the fruit physical and chemical characteristics of Chinese mandarin. In contrast, leaf Na and Cl content, (%), proline, and total phenolic content were decreased by magnetic iron soil treatments. In respect to vegetative growth, our results indicated that adding magnetic iron at the concentration 750 g.tree−1 caused the best values of tree canopy volume. A similar trend was noticed regarding yield. The increase in yield attained was nearly 19%; the best values were obtained when magnetic iron were used at 750 g.tree−1. In conclusion, the application of magnetic iron can lead to improved fruit production and fruit quality of Chinese mandarin trees grown in salinity stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water scarcity is becoming a global problem. The shift from traditional irrigation systems to deficit irrigation increased soil salinity, particularly in clay soils. The use of magnetized water (MW) and biostimulants can induce plant resistance to drought and salinity stress. To assess the role of MW and proline (P) on 'Taifi' pomegranate shrubs' growth, productivity, and fruit quality under such conditions, a split-plots experiment was conducted for two seasons using three irrigation levels (100%, 75%, and 50%), based on the crop water requirements (CWR), and four treatments including foliar spray of tap water (control) and P, irrigation with MW, and MW + P. The most pronounced effect was referred to MW + P at 75% CWR that improved shrubs' chlorophyll content and nutritional status, reduced endogenous proline content, and enhanced vegetative growth with minimum consumptive water use (CWU), optimum water use efficiency (WUE), maximum water productivity (WP), utmost yield and average fruit weight, lowest percentage of fruit cracking, and fairly good total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C and anthocyanin contents. Overall, MW + P at 75% CWR improved the resistance mechanism of pomegranate shrubs in saline clay soils, plus improving the growers' net profit. MW generally reduced soil salinity, expressed as reduced pH, EC, Na+, and Ca2+ values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous monitoring of Listeria spp., particularly Listeria monocytogenes, in foods is a mandatory task for food safety and microbiology sectors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of L. monocytogenes in milk and dairy products retailed in Egypt. Furthermore, an experimental trial was conducted to investigate the antilisterial effects of some phytochemicals. A total of 200 samples (market raw milk, Kareish cheese, Damietta cheese, and plain yoghurt, 50 each) were collected and examined for detection of Listeria spp. The results revealed that 8, 12, 1, and 0 samples of market raw milk, Damietta cheese, Kareish cheese, and plain yoghurt were contaminated with Listeria spp., respectively. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing revealed that all L. monocytogenes isolates (15) were resistant to streptomycin and erythromycin. Molecular analysis revealed that 86.67% of L. monocytogenes harbored hylA virulent gene. Use of rosmarinic acid, ascorbic acid, thyme, and clove essential oils significantly (P < 0.05) reduced L. monocytogenes growth in soft cheese—artificially contaminated with L. monocytogenes throughout a 4-week incubation period. In conclusion, strict hygienic conditions should be adopted during the preparation and distribution of dairy products. In addition, rosmarinic acid, ascorbic acid, clove, and thyme essential oils are good candidates as food preservatives with antilisterial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two field eхpеrimеnts were соnduсtеd аt the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University at "Dar El-Ramad" Fayoum Governorate, Egypt during the summer growing seasons of 2019 and 2020. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of sowing dates, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), zinc and their interaction on growth and yield of maize ( Zea mays L.). The experimental layout was a split- split plot arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications where sowing dates were considered as the main plot, ascorbic acid arranged in the sub plot and the sub-sub plot occupied by zinc foliar application treatments. Results indicated that sowing dates, ascorbic acid and zinc treatments hаd а signifiсаnt impасts оn yield and its attributes in the two seasons, except ear number per plant in two seasons and number of grains per row in the second season as well as 100 grain weight in the first season. Foliar spray of ascorbic acid treatments lеd tо signifiсаnt diffеrеnсеs in yield and its attributes i.e. number of ears/plant, ear length, ear dimeter, ear weight, number of row/ear, number of grains/row, ear grain weight, 100-grain weight and grain and biological yield/fed, as well as harvest index. The obtained data reveale also that the effect of zinc treatments on yield and its attributes was significant in the two seasons, except ear number per plant in two seasons and ear length in second season as well as number of grains/row in the first season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted during the 2018 and 2019 seasons on 5 years of Picual olive trees (Oleaeuropaea L.), grown in calcareous soil at the farm of the Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Fuka, Matrouh governorate, Egypt. The main objective was to investigate the effect of foliar application with salicylic acid (SA) (100, and 150mg/L), and ascorbic acid (AA) (50, and 100mg/L) under water stress conditions (rain-fed, 50 and 100 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) on growth, physiological characteristics, yield, and fruit quality. The results showed that the highest value of leaf area, shoot length, and yield (kg/tree) were recorded with the treatment salicylic acid (150 mg/L) in both seasons compared with the control. The ascorbic acid at 100 mg/L recorded the highest leaf chlorophyll content and maximum fruit quality compared with the control. Also, sprayed with salicylic acid 100 mg/L and Ascorbic acid at 100 mg/L gave the highest response for leaf content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg (%) compared to other treatments. In addition, 150 mg/L salicylic acid treatment showed the highest value for relative water content associated with the lowest value of leaf proline content compared with control. There were no significant differences between 100% ETc, and 50% ETc irrigation treatment in the presence of salicylic acid 150 mg L or ascorbic acid 100 mg L for enhancing most of the studied characteristics. Finally, spraying Picual olive trees with salicylic and ascorbic acids had a positive impact on trees growth, yield, and fruit quality under stress conditions compared to rain-fed treatment in both seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food & Dairy Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two field experiments were carried out at a private farm at Manchat Nabhan, Fakose, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during 2017/18 and 2018/19 winter seasons. The study aimed to find out the effect of five exogenous application levels of AsA and H2O2 (S0: without, S1:100 ppm AsA, S2: 200ppm AsA, S3: 30mM H2O2 and S4: 60mM H2O2) on wheat (Triticum asetivum, L. cv. Misr 1) under three treatments of irrigation water (4, 5 and 6 irrigations) using surface irrigation system. A randomized complete block split plot design with three replicates was used in each season. The irrigation treatments and the levels of AsA and H2O2 were randomly allocated in the main and sub-plots, respectively. The most important findings could be summarized as follows: At 105 days from planting, wheat plants under water stress (irrigation four times) without AsA and H2O2 application showed a significant decrease in leaf area index (LAI), relative water content (RWC %) and total chlorophyll in comparison to wheat plants under well watered in both seasons. In general, the highest values of these traits were significantly gained from the highest concentration of ascorbic acid (200 ppm) and H2O2 (60mM) in both seasons. At maturity, in both seasons, irrigations 4 times significantly resulted in lower spikes number m-2, 1000-grain weight and grain yields than those in the plots irrigated 6 times. Generally, the maximum values of these traits were significantly obtained from the highest levels of ascorbic acid and H2O2 in both seasons. Under stressed and unstressed plants, increasing AsA and H2O2 levels significantly improved all these traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemicals from waste materials generated by agricultural and industrial processes have become globally significant due to their accessibility and potential effectiveness with few side effects. These compounds have essential implications in both medicine and the economy. Therefore, a quantitative analysis of the phytochemical profile, sugar types, and water-soluble vitamins of dried Corchorus olitorius L."DJMS" extract (dried Jew's mallow stem) was carried out with HPLC. In addition, the chemical composition, TPC, chlorophyll a and b, beta-carotene, and antioxidant effect using DPPH were investigated. Furthermore, the anticancer activity of the DJMS was evaluated by SRB assay using Huh-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. In the quantitative study, DJMS extract showed a high antioxidant potential (67%) due to its content of bioactive compounds such as TPC (276.37 mg 100 g -1 ) and chlorophyll a and b (20.31, 12.02 mg 100 g -1 , respectively), as well as some vitamins and minerals such as B-complex (B12; 146.8 mg 100 g -1 and vitamin C 6.49 mg 100 g -1 ) and selenium (<0.2 μg kg -1 ). Moreover, the main sugar types found were sucrose and stachyose, which recorded 9.23 and 6.25 mg 100 g -1 , respectively. Identifying phenolic and flavonoids showed that the major components were ellagic acid (4905.26 μg kg -1 ), ferulic acid (3628.29 μg kg -1 ), chlorogenic acid (3757.08 μg kg -1 ), luteolin-7- O -glucoside (4314.48 μg kg -1 ), naringin (4296.94 μg kg -1 ) and apigenin-6-rhamnose-8 glucoside (3078.87 μg kg -1 ). The dried stem extract showed significant MDA-MB-231 inhibition activity and reached 80% at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL of DJMS extract, related to the content of phytochemical components such as isoflavones like genistein (34.96 μg kg -1 ), which had a tremendous anticancer effect. Hence, the stem of Jew's mallow (which is edible and characterized by its viability and low production cost) possesses the capacity to serve as a pharmaceutical agent for combating cancer owing to its abundance of bioactive components.

Bacillus cereus is one of the foodborne pathogens that is incriminated in several outbreaks worldwide. The objectives of the current study were first to determine the prevalence of B. cereus -contaminated milk and dairy products retailed in Egypt. Secondly, the antimicrobial resistance profiling and virulence-associated genes of the recovered B. cereus isolates were assessed. Finally, natural and eco-friendly natural additives such as d -tryptophan and l -ascorbic acid were used for controlling the viability of Bacillus cereus spores. A total of 200 samples including market raw milk, Ultra-Heat Treated (UHT) milk, Kariesh cheese, soft white cheese (Damietta), and rice pudding, 50 of each were examined. The results of our study indicated that 31% of the examined dairy samples were contaminated with B. cereus. Surprisingly, 90% of the isolates showed multidrug-resistance against ampicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, and streptomycin. The molecular characterization revealed that 15 isolates harbored both hemolytic and non-hemolytic enterotoxin genes. Co-treatment of B. cereus spores-contaminated rice pudding with d -tryptophan at a concentration of 40 mM and l -ascorbic acid at a concentration of 3% revealed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the spore growth. Therefore, d -tryptophan and l -ascorbic acid are considered promising eco-friendly food preservatives with anti- B. cereus effects in the dairy industry. • Bacillus cereus could be isolated from Egyptian dairy products. • B. cereus isolates had multidrug resistance profiling. • B. cereus isolates had the ability to produce enterotoxins. • Ascorbic acid, and d -tryptophan had anti- Bacillus cereus effect. • The tested additives might act as promising tools against B. cereus growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed at investigation of the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. in the retailed dairies in Egypt. Besides, the inhibitory effects of some natural additives, including, ascorbic acid, pomegranate peel extract, and D-tryptophan against the isolated Salmonella were evaluated using soft cheese as a food matrix. To reach to this end, different Egyptian retail dairy products were investigated; 30 samples of each product were analyzed. Kariesh cheese samples had the highest Salmonella prevalence rate at 16.67%, followed by market raw milk, and bulk tank milk at 6.66% each, and white soft cheese at 3.33%. Serological examination exhibited 5 different Salmonella serotypes, namely S. Enteritidis , S. Typhimurium , S. Virchow, S. Larochelle, and S. Apeyeme. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that 100% of the isolates possessed resistance to erythromycin, oxacillin, and nalidixic acid. Some isolates of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis were resistant to all 14 examined antibiotics. Isolates of S. Enteritidis obtained in this study were used to contaminate the freshly prepared soft cheese. Treatment of the artificially Salmonella -contaminated soft cheese with pomegranate peel extract, ascorbic acid, and D-tryptophan revealed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in Salmonella growth in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the examined natural additives can be viewed as a promising new line of preservatives for dairy industry. • Various serovars of Salmonella spp. were present in retail Egyptian dairies. • All isolates of Salmonella spp. were resistant to erythromycin, oxacillin and nalidixic acid. • Some isolates of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis were resistant to all 14 examined antibiotics. • Ascorbic acid, pomegranate peel extract and D-tryptophan had a dose-dependent anti- Salmonella effect in a soft cheese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard (family Sapotaceae) is an edible fruit-producing tree widely distributed in western and central Indian states and cultivated in Egypt. M. hexandra is well known for its various nutritional and medicinal merits. Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds using 1D and 2D NMR along with MS revealed the identification of two new flavonoids, myricetin 3- O (3″- O -methyl) α -L-rhamnopyranoside (1), and 3- O -ethyl-dihydroquercetin (3- O -ethyltaxifolin) (8) from M. hexandra leaves and fruits, respectively. Additionally, 4 known flavonoids were identified from the leaves as β -4′-methoxy-myricetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnoside (2), 4′-methoxy-quercetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnoside (3), quercetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnoside (5) , and myricetin-3- O-α- L-rhamnoside (6) , together with 4 known compounds from fruit identified as gallic acid (7), myricetin (9), taxifolin (10) and quercetin (11) in addition to methyl gallate (4). The isolated new compounds were investigated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against 4 fungal and 8 bacterial strains. Compounds 1 and 8 showed antifungal activity against 3 fungal strains, and potent antibacterial activity was observed against tested gram positive and gram negative bacteria with the highest inhibition effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC 3.9 μg/mL. The antioxidant activity of M. hexandra leaves and fruits aqueous methanol extract and methanol soluble portion was evaluated using DPPH method revealing DPPH radical scavenging activity and the fruit methanol soluble portion (FMSP) was the most active with SC 50 = 12.8 (μg/mL) nearly equal to that of ascorbic acid. [Display omitted] • Two novel flavonoids were identified from Manilkara hexandra Dubard leaves and fruits. • Nine known phenolic compounds were found for the first time in M. hexandra. • In vitro antimicrobial activity of the new compounds. • In vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity of M. hexandra extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: There is paucity on the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin C on cytokines production in lambs with respiratory diseases. Therefore, the current study examined the influence of vitamin C on the production of different pro-inflammatory cytokines in lambs naturally infected by pneumonic pasteurellosis. In lambs naturally infected with pneumonic pasteurellosis, the association between measured proinflammatory cytokines and clinical sum score demonstrated a positive correlation with interleukin-6 and interferon gamma. The findings show that vitamin C has a selective effect on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in sera of lambs with pneumonic pasteurellosis when used in combination with tulathromycin, and confirming the therapeutic effectiveness of tulathromycin in clinical recovery of lambs with pneumonic pasteurellosis. In this study, we have investigated the impact of vitamin C on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1 β (IL-1 β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 12p40 (IL-12p40), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) in lambs naturally infected by pneumonic pasteurellosis. Of 37 lambs, 18 lambs were identified to have pneumonic pasteurellosis and randomly allocated into two equal groups. Single subcutaneous dose of tulathromycine alone (2.5 mg kg−1) or tulathromycine combined with vitamin C (3 gm kg−1) were administrated to the diseased lambs. The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were returned to the normal levels in pneumonic lambs treated with the combination therapy. The obtained results indicate the selective influences of vitamin C on pro-inflammatory cytokines production in sera of lambs with pneumonic pasteurellosis and highlights the value of vitamin C as a potential anti-inflammatory drug and ideal immunomodulatory agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]