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Purpose: This narrative review explores papers published in peer-reviewed journals reporting research from a practice research module of a qualifying program to examine their potential contribution to knowledge in mental health social work. Methods: A narrative review was undertaken according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews of papers published by the first three cohorts of a practice research module. Results: Eleven papers were included in the review which found, for example, some deficits in practitioners' knowledge, confidence and understanding. The studies were modest and had some common limitations, but a high number of online views indicate that the papers have the potential to impact on practice. Conclusion: This review found that it is possible to use a practice research module of a qualifying program to train social workers to undertake and publish high-quality research which has the potential to influence policy or practice beyond a students' own learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation is one of the most difficult areas of educational pursuits. The most common type of evaluation and assessment is through a written examination. The majority of the time, questions is drafted right before the examination without going through a quality control process, which might cause confusion or incorrect interpretation of the questions by the students. Students' self-confidence and self-esteem grow as a result of their increased understanding of the question paper's structure, and they then affirm their ability to complete the task. The design of the question paper is prepared, with consideration given to the objectives, the various forms and types of questions, and the various content areas, a projected time, Level of difficulty anticipated. In order to enhance the standard of student evaluation and assessment, this article focuses on offering instructions and a scientific technique for creating effective question papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on how online education enhances physiotherapists' confidence and competence in mechanical insufflation-exsufflation. Topics discussed include the effectiveness of online learning, its impact on healthcare professionals' skills development, and the role of technology in advancing medical education.

The article focuses on the impact of online education on enhancing physiotherapists' confidence and competence in mechanical insufflation-exsufflation. Topics discussed include the effectiveness of online learning platforms, their role in advancing healthcare professionals' skills, and their implications for respiratory care practices.

The author offers a response to an article by Amanda McGraw and Mary Mason about teaching and learning in English. She discusses her own assumptions about English and the purpose of writing and reading, the findings of McGraw and Mason's research, and her suggestions for creating the condition to foster students' confidence, abilities and enjoyment.

Healthcare policies promote technology use as a means to modernise healthcare and support seamless, person-centred care. However, despite information technology (IT) use being common practice in clinical settings, its use in patients' homes is still developing. This study explored patients' perspectives on the use of IT and electronic health records (EHR) in their home environment. Semi structured interviews were conducted with housebound patients who received regular care from the district nursing team, and thematic data analysis was undertaken. Participants reported variable knowledge and experiences with mobile working and EHR. Most were positive and identified clear benefits for clinicians. However, few participants reported benefits to themselves. Contrary to popular belief, IT use is expected by older patients and, while barriers were identified, the overall opinion was positive. A digital divide was apparent, with some at risk of being disadvantaged by the increasing use of technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This discussion paper highlights the importance of Australian nursing and midwifery students' lack of exposure to electronic medical records during their undergraduate programs. There is pressure on universities offering nursing and midwifery programs to provide students with opportunities to learn to use patient electronic medical records. This will provide authentic rehearsal with the digital technology prior to clinical placements and increase graduate work readiness. Informed by contemporary literature, we describe the benefits of implementing electronic medical records (eMR) in health organisations and identify the challenges and barriers to implementing and integrating the education of electronic records into undergraduate nursing and midwifery programs. Undergraduate students who had not experienced eMR as part of on-campus learning felt unprepared and lacked confidence when commencing clinical practice. Some international nursing and midwifery programs have found that student's skills improve in decision-making and documenting patient observations when eMR is integrated into their university education program. Successful integration of an eMR program should consider academic/teaching staff skills and confidence in technology use, initial and ongoing costs and technical support required to deliver the program. In conclusion, Australian universities need to embed eMR learning experiences into the nursing and midwifery undergraduate curricula to increase students work-readiness with a focus on patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text presents the thesis that the emphasis on the functionality of the judiciary is the only legitimate basis on which we can impose a disciplinary sanction or some special obligation on a judge that he or she would not have as an ordinary citizen. The requirement to preserve public confidence or judicial dignity should only be given an instrumental value, which is derived from the fact that it contributes to the good functioning of the judiciary. The two concepts just mentioned are in many respects vague and, without further clarification, open up too much room for possible arbitrariness and the exertion of harmful pressure on judges. The author therefore considers the relationship between dignity and the observance of etiquette as its possible content. The text thus provides a comprehensive view of what the purpose of disciplinary and professional responsibility is and what its limits are. Ultimately, the ideas presented can be generalized and applied to other legal professions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: PBS is a proactive, person-centred approach for working with people who have behaviours that are challenging to support. Staff confidence can influence PBS delivery. This paper examined the effects of bespoke PBS training on staff confidence in working with behaviours that are challenging to support in inpatient settings and with individuals across the lifespan. Method and materials: Across 8, 2-day PBS training sessions, 115 staff completed pre and post measures of confidence and provided feedback. Non-parametric tests were used to compare pre and post means and feedback was analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. Results: All measures of confidence improved significantly from pre to post training. PBS training appeared highly acceptable and eight qualitative themes emerged. Conclusions: Bespoke PBS training can significantly improve the confidence of inpatient staff working with people who have behaviours that are challenging to support. Further evaluation is now needed to examine whether these changes translate to practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telemedicine use surged during COVID-19, and a significant amount of recent research has relied solely on online surveys to assess patient perceptions. However, these surveys may be biased since they require an internet connection and digital literacy skills. We compare local perceptions of telemedicine visits in rural areas across two methods of data collection: online-only vs. paper surveys. We collected 100 paper and 108 online surveys in two rural counties with a total population of 10,000. The results show that significant differences exist in the demographics of people completing each type of survey and in the perceptions of telemedicine, with paper-based respondents generally demonstrating a higher degree of confidence in telemedicine. Ordered logistic regressions controlling for potentially influential underlying demographic characteristics (income, hours worked, and presence of children) show that paper-based respondents tend to have higher opinions of telemedicine, but that overall levels of comfort are similar across survey types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most nursing simulation programs focus on persons' healthcare needs in hospital settings, and little is known about how to identify them in home settings. This study aims to develop and validate a virtual reality (VR) simulation program for nursing students to improve their clinical reasoning skills and confidence in assessing persons' healthcare needs in home settings. We developed a VR simulation program based on a literature review and expert discussion. In Phase 1, home visit nurses or public health nurses will validate the program through their interviews in 2022. In Phase 2, we will conduct a pilot and main single-blinded randomized trial for nursing students to confirm the effectiveness from 2022 and 2023. Participants will be randomly allocated into an intervention group using VR simulations and a control group receiving videos regarding three kinds of community residents' lives [1:1]. After obtaining informed consent, the students will submit their anonymous data to the researchers to prevent associating their grade evaluation. The primary outcome will be their clinical reasoning skills. The second outcome will include their satisfaction and self-confidence. This study will examine the effectiveness of improving their clinical reasoning skills and confidence in assessing persons' healthcare needs in home settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education institutions are uniquely placed to introduce emotional coping skills to promote resilience in pre-registration nurses in order to reduce anxiety and increase confidence before they enter clinical placement for the first time. In this qualitative study, we will explore the use of a 360-degree video in developing skills for coping. The participants will be mental health nursing students. We will develop a 360-degree video in collaboration with a mental health service user. All participants will watch the video. A sub-group will receive a supportive clinical supervision discussion within a cognitive reappraisal/solution-focused/VERA framework. We will record the experiences of the participant to explore: (1) how students felt about the use of 360-degree video, as an education tool to build skills of resilience; (2) whether the students involved felt more confident and less anxious about the situation in the video as a result of participating in the cognitive reappraisal/solution-focused/VERA supervision discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Health Organization has designated vaccine hesitancy and vaccine confidence among the most pressing issues in global health. The COVID-19 pandemic has made vaccine hesitancy and vaccine confidence particularly salient and urgent. The purpose of this special issue is to highlight a broad range of perspectives on these critical issues. We have included a total of 30 papers that address issues related to vaccine hesitancy and vaccine confidence across multiple levels of the Socio-Ecological Model. We have organized the empirical papers into the following sections: individual-level beliefs, minority health and health disparities, social media and conspiracy beliefs, and interventions. In addition to the empirical papers, three commentaries are included in this special issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Excessive infant crying is common and can have a huge impact on families and well‐being. Systematically reviewing qualitative studies on infant crying can provide a greater understanding of parental perceptions and experiences. Aim: This study sought to systematically review and thematically synthesize qualitative studies exploring parents/carers' views and experiences of infant crying. Design: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research. Data Sources: Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched from the earliest date available to January 2022. We selected papers focussing on parents/carers' experiences, views, attitudes and beliefs about infant crying. We excluded papers focussing on health professionals' views and children older than 12 months. Review Methods: Thematic synthesis was followed for the analysis of included studies and quality appraisal was conducted. Results: We synthesized 22 papers, reporting data from 376 participants in eight countries. Four analytical themes were developed: (1) Experiences and impact of crying; (2) parental management strategies; (3) the role of the health professional; (4) the role of infant feeding and maternal diet. Our findings suggest that infant crying has a substantial emotional impact on parents/carers that often impacts relationships. Parents/carers reported using a range of soothing techniques and coping strategies but were desperate to find effective treatment or cure. Support was often perceived as lacking. Excessive crying and beliefs about the role of maternal diet on breastmilk were reported to undermine parents' confidence in breastfeeding by making them feel their milk is insufficient or harmful, or through pressure from others to stop breastfeeding. Conclusion: Parents/carers use a range of strategies to interpret and deal with the challenges of infant crying, but there is a need for more information and support. Impact Findings can be used to inform future research and interventions to support families experiencing excessive infant crying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of mental models describes how human beings often make inductive inferences. That account is based on possibilities. It claims that, in inductions, people tend to prefer the possibility that seems to be more probable. The present paper tries to develop the account by proposing an additional quantitative method to determine which of the two possibilities in inductive processes is preferable. The paper resorts to a Non-Axiomatic Logic: NAL. NAL assigns quantitative values to the frequency and confidence of sentences. It also shows how those values can be transmitted from premises to conclusions in inductive inferences. This part of NAL is applied to the account of induction the theory of mental models gives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the positive outcomes of patient-centred care on health outcomes, future doctors should learn how to deliver patient-centred care. The literature describes a wide variety of educational interventions with standardized patients (SPs) that focus on learning patient-centredness. However, it is unclear which mechanisms are responsible for learning patient-centredness when applying educational interventions with SPs. This study aims to clarify how healthcare learners and professionals learn patient-centredness through interventions involving SPs in different healthcare educational contexts. A realist approach was used to focus on what works, for whom, in what circumstances, in what respect and why. Databases were searched through 2019. Nineteen papers were included for analysis. Through inductive and deductive coding, CIC'MO configurations were identified to build partial program theories. These CIC'MOs describe how Interventions with SPs change the Context (C→C') such that Mechanisms (M) are triggered that are expected to foster patient-centredness as Outcome. Interventions with SPs create three contexts which are 'a safe learning environment,' 'reflective practice,' and 'enabling people to learn together.' These contexts trigger the following seven mechanisms: feeling confident, feeling a sense of comfort, feeling safe, self-reflection, awareness, comparing & contrasting perspectives, combining and broadening perspectives. A tentative final program theory with mechanisms belonging to three main learning components (cognitive, regulative metacognitive and affective) is proposed: Interventions with SPs create a safe learning environment (C') in which learners gain feelings of confidence, comfort and safety (affective M). This safe learning environment enables two other mutual related contexts in which learners learn together (C'), through comparing & contrasting, combining and broadening their perspectives (cognitive M) and in which reflective practice (C') facilitates self-reflection and awareness (metacognitive M) in order to learn patient-centeredness. These insights offer educators ways to deliberately use interventions with SPs that trigger the described mechanisms for learning patient-centredness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object detection via remote sensing encounters significant challenges due to factors such as small target sizes, uneven target distribution, and complex backgrounds. This paper introduces the K-CBST YOLO algorithm, which is designed to address these challenges. It features a novel architecture that integrates the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and Swin-Transformer to enhance global semantic understanding of feature maps and maximize the utilization of contextual information. Such integration significantly improves the accuracy with which small targets are detected against complex backgrounds. Additionally, we propose an improved detection network that combines the improved K-Means algorithm with a smooth Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) algorithm. This network employs an adaptive dynamic K-Means clustering algorithm to pinpoint target areas of concentration in remote sensing images that feature varied distributions and uses a smooth NMS algorithm to suppress the confidence of overlapping candidate boxes, thereby minimizing their interference with subsequent detection results. The enhanced algorithm substantially bolsters the model's robustness in handling multi-scale target distributions, preserves more potentially valid information, and diminishes the likelihood of missed detections. This study involved experiments performed on the publicly available DIOR remote sensing image dataset and the DOTA aerial image dataset. Our experimental results demonstrate that, compared with other advanced detection algorithms, K-CBST YOLO outperforms all its counterparts in handling both datasets. It achieved a 68.3% mean Average Precision (mAP) on the DIOR dataset and a 78.4% mAP on the DOTA dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An informed search strategy based on random statistical analysis was developed for synchronous recognition of groundwater pollution source information and aquifer parameters. An informed search iterative course (ISIC) was accordingly designed, and each iteration included the determination of attempt point and state transition. In this paper, two improvement techniques were first adopted for choosing attempt points and judging state transition in ISIC to improve search efficiency and precision. The first improvement was that the variable radius free search method was applied to choosing the attempt point, and the size of the search radius was constantly adjusted in ISIC, taking the search ergodicity and efficiency into account. The second improvement technique was a Tsallis formula used for state transition judgment, and the controlled factor in the Tsallis formula was regulated continuously so that the search could consider ergodicity and efficiency simultaneously. Furthermore, frequent calls to the groundwater pollution numerical simulator to calculate the likelihood have inflicted a huge computational burden during ISIC. An effective way is to construct a substitute for emulating the simulator with a low calculating load. However, the mapping relation between the import and export of the numerical simulator was complex and had many variables. The precision of the substitute based on shallow learning is low sometimes. Therefore, we adopted the deep learning method and built an improved deep confidence network (DCN) substitute to emulate the highly nonlinear simulator. Finally, the synchronous recognition results for groundwater pollution source information and aquifer parameters were gained when ISIC ceased. The above-mentioned methods were verified in a case involving groundwater pollution. The consequence indicated that the ISIC with an improved DCN substitute can synchronously recognize groundwater pollution source information and aquifer parameters with a high degree of precision and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although visual arts pedagogies are considered central within early childhood education programs, teacher self-efficacy has a direct impact on the quality and delivery of visual arts curricula. Until recently, the visual arts self-efficacy, pedagogical knowledge, and practice of in-service early childhood teachers have remained largely unexplored. The authors of this paper present a qualitative, iterative re-analysis of their three PhD studies which broadly focussed on early childhood visual arts praxis and specifically examined the visual arts beliefs and pedagogy of early childhood teachers in Australia and New Zealand. A thematic analysis of the intersecting self-efficacy findings raised in the three studies identifies the powerful influence of self-efficacy on teaching practice in the visual arts domain and offers new understandings about visual arts self-efficacy amongst early childhood teachers. The combined findings reveal several factors that restrain or enhance teachers' visual arts self-efficacy across time, including the impact of childhood experiences, pre-service training and epistemological beliefs. The paper also identifies several enabling conditions that appear to support teachers to develop and maintain positive visual arts self-efficacy beliefs, including practical engagement with materials, sustained professional learning, relational trust and intentional leadership. These enabling conditions offer practical strategies and research recommendations in service of positive visual arts self-efficacy to enhance quality visual arts teaching in early childhood contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing use of social media platforms for investment-related information and advice has raised concerns about the impact of social media on investment choices. In this paper, we investigated the role of behavioral biases and risk perception in investment decisions. Specifically, this paper aims to explore the impact of social media on these factors and their influence on investment decisions. To achieve this aim, we investigated the existing works on the impact of social media on investment decisions, including its influence on behavioral biases and risk perception. We also collected data through an online survey from individual investors who use social media for investment-related information and advice. The survey measured their investment decisions, behavioral biases, risk perception, and the impact of social media on these factors. The valuable insights offered by this paper shed light on how social media affects the decisions made regarding investments and extend our understanding of the role of behavioral biases and risk perception in this context. Our results indicate that social media has a significant impact on the investment-related behaviors and perceptions of individual investors. Specifically, social media can exacerbate the effects of behavioral biases, such as herding and overconfidence bias, and influence risk perception. Moreover, the paper highlights the significance of managing social media use to make rational investment decisions. The paper's results can help individual investors make more informed investment decisions by understanding the impact of social media on their investment-related behaviors and perceptions. Moreover, the paper provides useful information to policymakers and financial regulators to develop guidelines for the responsible use of social media in the investment industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How much should an entrepreneur experiment and when should they pivot? Do the answers to these questions change if the entrepreneur is subject to behavioral biases, such as overconfidence? In this paper, we develop a conceptual logic to address these questions. We focus on the design of a "program of experimentation," which we define as a sequentially interdependent set of experiments and pivot decisions an entrepreneur undertakes to develop a viable business idea. This conceptualization highlights two dimensions of program design: the number of experiments to run and the pivot threshold for evaluating experimental outcomes. Our computational model suggests that while experimenting and pivoting can improve new venture performance, it can also be taken too far. Programs of experimentation that generate frequent and early pivots may impede learning and underperform more conservative programs that generate fewer pivots. We also show that an effectively designed program of experimentation can partially remedy an entrepreneur's behavioral biases. Our work informs ongoing scholarly efforts to more fully understand the Lean Startup's strengths and limitations and advances the theoretical apparatus underlying a scientific approach to venturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health inequalities and poorer outcomes have been identified for patients with dark skin tones. The reasons are multi-factorial, but may include delayed treatment due to a lack of recognition of early clinical signs of physiological deterioration. Within the medical literature there is a light skin tone bias, leading to healthcare professionals having insufficient knowledge regarding the assessment of patients with different skin tones, which may result in reduced confidence and create patient safety issues. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the confidence levels of healthcare professionals when assessing patients of different skin tones. Methods: The methodology followed scoping review frameworks set out by Arksey and O'Malley (2005), the Joanna Briggs Institute (Peters et al., 2020) and the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) (Tricco et al., 2018). Searches for literature were performed between February and June 2022 using electronic databases EBSCO (Academic Search Complete, the Allied Complementary Medicine Database, e-journals, MEDLINE, CINAHL), British Nursing Index (ProQuest), Scopus, Web of Science, Zetoc, UpToDate, Google Scholar, NICE Evidence, ResearchGate, Opengrey and the British Association of Dermatologists. No date range was specified, expanders were left on and the findings were screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included papers were synthesised using narrative synthesis. Results: Thirteen papers were identified, and the extracted data charted by the paper's origin, sample size, profession and confidence levels. Our synthesis revealed reduced confidence in assessing, managing and diagnosing skin conditions in dark skin tones. A lack of training was cited by different health professionals, but undertaking tailored training and experiential learning increased confidence. Conclusions: There is a safety issue for patients with dark skin tones, as healthcare professionals lack clinical confidence in managing and treating all ethnicities equally. Tangible diversity within healthcare training is required, supported by inclusive skin tone imagery and appropriate terminology within medical literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the concept of preparedness over time in research with informal caregivers of older adults. Design: Concept analysis. Methods: Rodgers' evolutionary method of concept analysis was used to guide this theoretical paper due to the dynamic nature of preparedness, which is influenced by both context and time. Using Rodgers' inductive approach, concept elements were derived from a content analysis of included studies. In the final step, to generate hypotheses and implications regarding the concept, the conceptual structure of preparedness of informal caregivers of older adults was connected to a theoretical problem in the nursing discipline using the Caregiving Stress Process Framework. Data Sources: Four databases (EBSCO CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid PsycINFO and Scopus) were searched in November 2022 and updated in September 2023. No date limits were set for searching, as the intent was to analyse possible variations of the concept over time. Results: The attributes of preparedness include self‐confidence, having knowledge, skills and abilities to perform daily tasks, handling emotions and developed over time. These attributes can be compared with the stressors outlined in the Caregiving Stress Process Framework (i.e., the moment the caregiver identifies some 'stressor'; something that prevents them from feeling confident in their preparedness). Conclusion: The concept of preparedness of informal caregivers of older adults is defined as caregiver's self‐confidence about their current competence related to the knowledge, skills and abilities to perform daily tasks, and to handle emotions over time. To link the concept to a theoretical perspective, we propose adaptations to a well‐known theory, the Caregiving Stress Process Framework. Future research on caregiving preparedness needs to avoid circular definitions and work with the attributes of preparedness to support caregivers. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: This paper contributes to the development of interventions that focus on the health and preparedness of informal caregivers of older adults. Clarifying the concept of preparedness helps nurses to support caregivers since it is then known which aspects are included in the preparedness of caregivers (e.g., daily tasks and handling emotions). A more fulsome understanding of preparedness supports us to see beyond stressors of caregiving. Impact: This study addresses informal caregivers of older adults' preparedness to provide care. We synthesized existing definitions that have been used in research with this population to propose a robust conceptualization of the concept of preparedness, which contributes to better understanding of how preparedness can be supported. Reporting Method: We were unable to locate a reporting method related to this kind of work (concept analysis). Patient or Public Contribution: Not applicable as no new data generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the traditional ship stability failure probability assessment method has many input parameters and cumbersome intermediate calculation process, this paper proposes a joint multi-model machine learning prediction method based on confidence. The method calculates the confidence of each machine learning model for the current prediction result, selects the top n models among them, and takes the average of their prediction results as the output. The confidence is calculated by a method inspired by semi-supervised learning. To reduce the number of ship features that need to be input for assessment, a sensitivity analysis is used to reject irrelevant features. Eight machine learning models that have good performance and are widely used in other fields, including Radial Basis Function Neural Network, Random Forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, and so on, are used as component learners in this study. The hyperparameters of each model are obtained by cross-validation and grid search. The advancedness of the proposed method is verified by comparing it with other models on a small self-built ship stability failure probability dataset. By conducting experiments that simply average the results of the component learners, it is confirmed that simple superposition different models does not necessarily improve the accuracy. At the same time, after pre-processing the input features in different ways, the comparison of the prediction performance was conducted, and the experimental results showed that the proposed method is not affected by the way the input features are preprocessed and therefore has some robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODCTION: Listening strategy analysis and assessment not only need objective and fair sound listening strategy analysis, but also need high-precision and high real-time assessment model, and even more need in-depth analysis and feature extraction of the influencing factors of listening assessment. OBJECTIVES: To address the problems of current automatic assessment methods, such as non-specific application, poor generalization, low assessment accuracy, and poor real-time performance. METHODS: This paper proposes an automatic assessment method based on a deep confidence network based on crawfish optimization algorithm. First, the multi-dimensional listening strategy evaluation system is constructed by analyzing the listening improvement strategy; then, the depth confidence network is improved by the crayfish optimization algorithm to construct the automatic evaluation model; finally, through the analysis of simulation experiments. RESLUTS: The proposed method improves the evaluation accuracy, robustness, and real-time performance. The absolute value of the relative error of the automatic evaluation value of the proposed method is controlled in the range of 0.011, and the evaluation time is less than 0.005 s. The method is based on a deep confidence network based on the crayfish optimization algorithm. CONCLUSION: The problems of non-specific application of automated assessment methods, poor generalization, low assessment accuracy, and poor real-time performance are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary healthcare for those experiencing mental illness requires healthcare practitioners (HCPs) to effectively incorporate the prescription of exercise in their treatment, in accordance with clinical guidelines. However, there has been a lack of effective implementation of such recommendations. The purpose of this review was to identify barriers to exercise prescription in the treatment of people diagnosed with mental illness as perceived by HCPs. APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PubMed electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published in the period from January 2005 to September 2023. A total of 18 papers were included for thematic synthesis. Four key themes were identified across the qualitative (8), quantitative (6), and mixed method (4) papers, including a lack of knowledge and confidence of HCPs in prescribing exercise; role and responsibility; HCPs' misconceptions of client barriers; and systemic issues impacting exercise prescription practices. A lack of knowledge or confidence was the most common barrier. Some HCPs indicated a desire to develop their skills in exercise prescription, while others indicated a preference for an exercise professional to take responsibility for this aspect of treatment. Systemic barriers were spread across a range of issues, with lack of time, excessive workload, and difficulties accessing qualified staff most commonly cited. This review provides further insight into the barriers to exercise prescription faced by HCPs and makes recommendations regarding how to address these barriers in order to better implement clinical guidelines and thus improve the quality of treatment provided to people diagnosed with a mental illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 21st century, people are trying alternative methods for solving their disputes instead of the traditional legal system, these methods and systems are called Alternative dispute resolution methods. These alternative methods are known by various names such as mediation, arbitration, and conciliation. It has deep roots in Pakistan's history, it is known by the name of jirgas and panchayat, but such mechanisms had no legal status. To give legal status to it, new laws have been introduced by the parliament to establish a legal body for solving community-level disputes, and it is now known as the Dispute Resolution Council (DRC). DRCs have become a well-liked and practical method for settling disputes in the community. It has community representatives and leaders who offer quick and convenient ways to resolve disputes as compared to the traditional legal system. However, despite its recognition and acceptance in the community, It still faces several problems and challenges, that need to be addressed to increase the effectiveness of the DRCs. To find these challenges and issues, the researcher has used the qualitative method for finding the answers to the research questions. Among the difficulties that are identified are a lack of trained staff, proper funding, low awareness in the public and confidence, lack of expertise to deal with complex issues, and likeness in the appointment of the members. It is suggested in the research paper that the government should allocate proper funding to the DRCs, arrange proper training for the members of the members, enhance public awareness and confidence, better interaction with the formal judicial system, strong monitoring system, and proper legislation for the appointment of its members. These suggestions if put into practice will guarantee that DRCs in Pakistan offer the citizens easy, accessible, cheap, and effective justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years, significant advancements in microscopic imaging technology have led to the production of numerous high-resolution images capturing brain neurons at the micrometer scale. The reconstructed structure of neurons from neuronal images can serve as a valuable reference for research in brain diseases and neuroscience. Currently, there lacks an accurate and efficient method for neuron reconstruction. Manual reconstruction remains the primary approach, offering high accuracy but requiring significant time investment. While some automatic reconstruction methods are faster, they often sacrifice accuracy and cannot be directly relied upon. Therefore, the primary goal of this paper is to develop a neuron reconstruction tool that is both efficient and accurate. The tool aids users in reconstructing complete neurons by calculating the confidence of branches during the reconstruction process. The method models the neuron reconstruction as multiple Markov chains, and calculates the confidence of the connections between branches by simulating the reconstruction artifacts in the results. Users iteratively modify low-confidence branches to ensure precise and efficient neuron reconstruction. Experiments on both the publicly accessible BigNeuron dataset and a self-created Whole-Brain dataset demonstrate that the tool achieves high accuracy similar to manual reconstruction, while significantly reducing reconstruction time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the examples of Judge Deborah from the Old Testament and Pastor/Teacher Priscilla from the New Testament, this paper contends that women have a biblical responsibility to lead in any vocation for which God has called and anointed them, and the Christian church has a biblical responsibility to accept and encourage them. Women leaders offer valuable leadership qualities, as illustrated by Deborah, the prophetic judicial/governmental/military leader of a nation, and Priscilla, the theologian, educator, missionary, and pastor in the nascent church. This paper further argues that leadership structures are not complete or fully effective without feminine inclusion and participation. The church and the world have historically deprived themselves of rich resources by curtailing women's leadership roles. The need for rediscovering and recovering women's leadership gifts and styles has never been more urgent or appropriate in the current cultural atmosphere requiring an emphasis on collaboration and cooperation (relationality), emotional intelligence that seeks transformation rather than transaction, and servant leadership, as manifested in Deborah and Priscilla as leaders. The church would be wise to embrace the Deborahs and Priscillas, as well as other types of women leaders whomGod has placed in her midst, thus creating strong, responsive, and nurturing communities that reflect Jesus to the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the perspectives of registered nurses towards communication with family members of older people with a tracheostomy. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative design was used. Ten participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were used in collecting data. Data were analysed by thematic analysis. Findings: The four themes identified were as follows: communication by considering time difference; considering factors related to effective communication, either family member–related factors or registered nurse–related factors; strategies of communicating to support family members, such as giving an opportunity to ask for accurate information, communicating to build self-confidence and communicating through cases; and using the art of communication by speaking slowly and clearly, using colloquialisms, being steady and calm, as well as using positive language. Practical implications: Having strategies and using the art of communication are important to help family members in obtaining accurate information and in building self-confidence in the care of older people. Originality/value: The paper indicates that registered nurses consider factors related to communication, and they gave more information to family members using effective strategies and the art of communication. Therefore, effective communication training to nursing teams should be performed to promote adherence to treatment and family members' satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Advance care planning (ACP) is the process supporting individuals with life-limiting illness to make informed decisions about their future healthcare. Ethnic disparities in ACP have been widely highlighted, but interpretation is challenging due to methodological heterogeneity. This review aims to examine differences in the presence of documented ACP in individuals' care records for people with advanced disease by ethnic group, and identify patient and clinician related factors contributing to this. Methods: Mixed-methods systematic review. Keyword searches on six electronic databases were conducted (01/2000–04/2022). The primary outcome measure was statistically significant differences in the presence of ACP in patients' care records by ethnicity: quantitative data was summarised and tabulated. The secondary outcome measures were patient and clinician-based factors affecting ACP. Data was analysed qualitatively through thematic analysis; themes were developed and presented in a narrative synthesis. Feedback on themes was gained from Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) representatives. Study quality was assessed through Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools and Gough's Weight of Evidence. Results: N=35 papers were included in total; all had Medium/High Weight of Evidence. Fifteen papers (comparing two or more ethnic groups) addressed the primary outcome measure. Twelve of the fifteen papers reported White patients had statistically higher rates of formally documented ACP in their care records than patients from other ethnic groups. There were no significant differences in the presence of informal ACP between ethnic groups. Nineteen papers addressed the secondary outcome measure; thirteen discussed patient-based factors impacting ACP presence with four key themes: poor awareness and understanding of ACP; financial constraints; faith and religion; and family involvement. Eight papers discussed clinician-based factors with three key themes: poor clinician confidence around cultural values and ideals; exacerbation of institutional constraints; and pre-conceived ideas of patients' wishes. Conclusions: This review found differences in the presence of legal ACP across ethnic groups despite similar presence of informal end of life conversations. Factors including low clinician confidence to deliver culturally sensitive, individualised conversations around ACP, and patients reasons for not wishing to engage in ACP (including, faith, religion or family preferences) may begin to explain some documented differences. Trial registration: PROSPERO-CRD42022315252. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at household level data from the General Social Survey to examine the influence of demographic factors on household confidence in financial institutions. The paper finds that being female, Black, and satisfied financially predict increased confidence in financial institutions while greater education predicts reduced confidence. Significantly, confidence in financial institutions does not seem to be related to confidence in people in general, but does seem to be related to overall confidence in institutions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a defense of 'publishing without belief' (PWB) – the view that authors are not required to believe what they publish. I address objections to the view ranging from outright denial and advocacy of a belief norm for publication, to a modified version that allows for some cases of PWB but not others. I reject these modifications. In doing so, I offer both an alternative story about the motivations for PWB and a diagnosis of the disagreement over its permissibility. The original defense focused on consequentialist reasons for allowing PWB, offering mostly defensive arguments against potential criticisms. But I argue that once we shift our focus to the reasons why authors might be prone to PWB, we see a difference in two types of motivation: whereas I imagine PWB as arising from underconfident agents, critics point to cagey or nefarious authorial practices, or authors' failure to clarify their own degrees of belief. Underlying the debate over norms of philosophical publishing, we find two different conceptions of philosophy itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professionals working in both the physical and cybersecurity domain need to assess and evaluate security risks. As information on risks in general and security risks in particular is often imperfect and intractable, these professionals are facing a challenge in judging both likelihood and consequences, but how much do their existing psychological biases play a role in these judgments? In this paper, we present new empirical evidence on the perception of the information position and confidence levels of security professionals, the influence of detailed information and the conjunction fallacy, and the level of noise in security assessments. This paper adds to the literature by examining, for the first time, risk assessments by professionals in realistic, real life, security cases. The results show clear indications for overconfidence, comparative ignorance, influence of the conjunction fallacy, and influence of individual experience on security decision making in the professional security domain. The observed phenomena might have far reaching effects on security risk management in organizations and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of patients' experiences using a precision medicine (PM) clinic that conducts pharmacogenomics-based (PGx) testing for adverse drug reactions. The study aimed to identify the features of the clinic valued most by patients and areas for improvement. A paper survey was used to collect data. Survey questions focused on patients' perceptions of the PM testing and the overall clinic experience. Sixty-seven patients completed the survey. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS and frequencies were reported. Open-ended responses were coded and organized thematically. Patients reported that the clinic services increased confidence in their medication usage. Feeling respected by staff, receiving education, and quick appointments were highly valued by patients. Suggested areas for improvement included better communication from the clinic to patients, expansion of clinic services, and education for other healthcare providers. The findings demonstrate that patient experience goes beyond the clinical care provided. Current and potential future providers of PM should invest the time and energy to configure their care delivery system to enhance the patient experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental illness is a public health challenge disproportionately affecting rural Australians. GPs provide most of the mental health care, and they report increasing levels of burnout and unsustainable workload in the context of increased patient complexity. This may be more salient in rural settings characterised by resource constraints. In this paper, we use evaluation data from a GP psychiatry phone line established in Western Australia's Great Southern region in 2021 to describe GPs' perspectives on the service and reflect on how it may help alleviate rural GP workload. Methods: The sample was recruited among GPs practicing in the region. Data were collected through an online survey and semistructured interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the survey data. Interview data were subjected to thematic analysis; qualitative survey data were used for triangulation. Results: A total of 45 GPs completed the survey and 14 were interviewed. Interview data yielded three themes: the criticality of timeliness; the building blocks of confidence; and trust. GPs were highly satisfied with the service, and timeliness and trust were the characteristics underpinning its effectiveness. The service built GPs' confidence in managing mental health and alcohol and other drug use issues through strengthening knowledge and providing reassurance. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a telephone line operated by trusted, local psychiatrists with knowledge of the local mental health ecosystem of support can reduce rural GP workload through building confidence and strengthening personal agency, helping GPs navigate the ethical and clinical labyrinth of managing patient complexity in rural settings. GPs provide most of the mental health care and deal with an increasing number of patients with complex problems; this is more acute in rural areas where there are fewer services. This paper shows how a rural GP psychiatry phone line operated by local psychiatrists helps GPs manage their patients' mental health problems and may, in turn, reduce the workload rural GPs experience. The results add to the limited evidence and have implications for other rural locations characterised by limited resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of bronchial asthma‐related factors on the emotional well‐being of adolescents with bronchial asthma and their primary caregivers. Background: Bronchial asthma is a common chronic disease in childhood and adolescence that can have a psychological impact on both patients and their primary caregivers. Methods: The study used a cross‐sectional design and included 150 patient–caregiver dyads diagnosed with bronchial asthma, aged between 12 and 16 years and collected between 2018 and 2020. It assessed the emotional adjustment of both patients and caregivers and recorded variables related to the disease. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to perform statistical analyses. Results: Caregivers had higher anxiety and depression scores than patients. Good adherence to treatment was necessary for the emotional adjustment of the dyad. Controlled asthma, good adherence to treatment and a reduction in medical treatment were the primary predictors of emotional adjustment. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of assessing anxiety and depression levels in both patients and caregivers because the presence of these symptoms can lead to the misuse of medication, inadequate inhalation techniques, the omission of medication and reduced confidence in controlling asthma symptoms. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Certain variables related to asthma, such as its degree of control, severity, duration of diagnosis and adherence, have been linked to adjustment to the disease by the adolescent–caregiver dyad. What this paper adds? Caregivers had higher anxiety and depression scores than patients.Good adherence to treatment was necessary for the emotional adjustment of the dyad.Controlled asthma, good adherence to treatment and a reduction in medical treatment were the primary predictors of emotional adjustment. The implications of this paper: The study evaluated the variables in combination to identify risk and healthier profiles in the dyad's emotional adjustment and identified variables related to the disease most associated with emotional adjustment to the disease in the dyad.Identifying the risk and health profiles in emotional adjustment in both the adolescent and his or her caregiver may be used to mitigate future consequences related to poor adjustment to asthma.Knowledge of these variables allows health professionals to design psychoeducational programmes to ensure better adaptation to the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an international collaboration in the Students Meet Internationally through Language Education (SMILE) project and investigates how the SMILE project impacts Thai EFL students. This program provides students with opportunities to use English as an Authentic Communication Tool (E-ACT) by sharing their experiences and culture with high school peers in Japan online. Thirty-one Thai twelfth graders from a public high school in Bangkok participated in the SMILE project in the 2022 academic year. The course of the SMILE project we describe in this paper consisted of four collaboration classes (50 minutes, four times), and each class consisted of two sessions (25 minutes, twice). In each session, the Thai students met Japanese students in the same school grade in small groups with four or five students in total. These classes were conducted via online channels. Thai students' data were collected from class observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The results revealed that the Thai students 1) increased their confidence in using English, 2) gained broader perspectives from the cultural exchange sessions, 3) were eager to have similar collaborations with new Japanese students, and 4) showed clear enjoyment in their activities. Given these benefits, we conclude that the experience that student participants gained through the SMILE project had a substantial impact on them, which is likely to change their attitude toward studying English in the future. Besides, we discuss how current approaches to learner psychology may or may not be applied to our findings. Based on the results, the authors argue that having students with different first languages meet online should be conducted more widely in EFL circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a paucity of research on conducting written formative assessment with constructive feedback for theory paper writing for postgraduates of Community Medicine in India. The concept of "Written Formative assessments with Peer-Assisted Learning Program" was implemented to improve the first 2 levels of Miller's Pyramid and assess its impact on the summative assessment. Materials and Methods: The program was conducted for 2 batches of postgraduate students in the Community Medicine enrolled for the academic session of 2016–2019 and 2017–2020. The written formative assessment was conducted every Saturday for 1 h from August to March month in 2018 and 2019. After each test, answer papers were evaluated by the peer and faculty from the department. Written and oral feedback was given by the peer. After IEC approval, we planned to assess the program's effect on level 1 and level 2 Kirkpatrick's framework. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical package version 24 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Total 23 formative written assessments were conducted per year. The proportions of knowledge, comprehension, and analytical type of questions asked were 47%, 32%, and 21%, respectively. The mean attendance rate was 76.28% ±16.4%. There was no statistically significant difference in the average percentage of marks in formative (weekly test) and summative assessment (university final examination). There was a statistically significant positive co-relation of projected mean marks and summative assessment marks with the co-efficient of the determination being 22.6%. There was overall positive feedback of the formative and peer-assisted learning (PAL) from post graduate students. Conclusions: Written Formative Assessment with PAL program is one of the effective programs for postgraduate students to gain confidence in writing and presentation skills and to score higher in theory examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyspnea is a common emergency requiring urgent care, and a variety of factors may mislead emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Typically, EMT education uses traditional lectures with paper books. The effect of interactive eBooks on EMT learning has not been explored. This study aims to develop an interactive eBook in dyspnea assessment and management and to evaluate its learning effect. A quasi-experimental design with three repeated measures was used. A total of 117 EMTs were recruited and assigned to the experimental group (eBook, n = 56) and the comparison group (paper book, n = 61). Questionnaires were administered to both groups at three time points. The results show that both materials can improve cognition and that the interactive eBook has better effects than the paper book. The interactive eBook motivated EMT to learn more than the paper book, but motivation did not last for five weeks. The long-term effect of the interactive eBook on confidence compared to the paper book is significant. The eBook can include real cases, concept maps, videos, quizzes, and instant feedback to meet learner needs. Health educators could integrate technology and cognitive strategies into EMTs' training curricula to improve their ability to provide better emergency medical services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domain adaptation is a subfield of statistical learning theory that takes into account the shift between the distribution of training and test data, typically known as source and target domains, respectively. In this context, this paper presents an incremental approach to tackle the intricate challenge of unsupervised domain adaptation, where labeled data within the target domain is unavailable. The proposed approach, OTP-DA, endeavors to learn a sequence of joint subspaces from both the source and target domains using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), such that the projected data into these subspaces are domain-invariant and well-separated. Nonetheless, the necessity of labeled data for LDA to derive the projection matrix presents a substantial impediment, given the absence of labels within the target domain in the setting of unsupervised domain adaptation. To circumvent this limitation, we introduce a selective label propagation technique grounded on optimal transport (OTP), to generate pseudo-labels for target data, which serve as surrogates for the unknown labels. We anticipate that the process of inferring labels for target data will be substantially streamlined within the acquired latent subspaces, thereby facilitating a self-training mechanism. Furthermore, our paper provides a rigorous theoretical analysis of OTP-DA, underpinned by the concept of weak domain adaptation learners, thereby elucidating the requisite conditions for the proposed approach to solve the problem of unsupervised domain adaptation efficiently. Experimentation across a spectrum of visual domain adaptation problems suggests that OTP-DA exhibits promising efficacy and robustness, positioning it favorably compared to several state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]