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Background: Choice is a key part of the culture of the United States. Americans believe deeply in the personal and social usefulness of being able to make many choices. Hence, all sorts of efforts have been made to increase students' options, whether by creating many different kinds of schools and colleges, offering a great array of majors and degree programs, or allowing multiple modes of attending higher education. However, this proliferation of choices reproduces social inequality in two crucial ways. First, the provision of many options "produces" social inequality: people often make choices that do not serve their interests as well as they might wish, particularly if they are faced with many options and do not have adequate information. Second, the provision of many choices "legitimates" social inequality: the more one thinks in terms of choices in the context of a highly individualistic culture such as that of the United States, the easier it is for dominant groups to blame nondominants as creating their own troubles through feckless choices. Purpose: This paper focuses on one particularly important realm of choice--higher education--because it has come to play a central role in the transmission and legitimation of social inequality. Four higher education choices are of particular interest: whether to enter higher education, which college to attend, what major to choose, and what modality to attend college (for example, part time versus full time or in person versus online). Analyzing this choice-making process, the paper focuses on the impact of inequitable access to high-quality information. Beyond analyzing how choice proliferation and information inequity join to produce and legitimate educational inequality, the paper lays out detailed recommendations for what can be done to reduce this inegalitarian impact. Research Design: The paper draws on a wide variety of social science literatures including sociology of education, critical race theory, behavioral economics, and cognitive and social psychology. More particularly, the paper synthesizes sociology of education research inspired by Pierre Bourdieu and work drawing on critical race theory. Although there are major tensions between these two bodies of work, they can be fruitfully combined to both illuminate and overcome the ways information inequity produces and legitimates educational inequality. Recommendations: To reduce the role of information inequity in producing and legitimating educational inequality, the paper recommends four strands of change. One strand involves providing high-quality information more equitably through restructured and much more pervasive school counseling and other forms of information provision during middle school, high school, and higher education. A crucial component of this more equitable information provision is drawing on the community cultural wealth of nondominant communities. Second, it is important to design an "architecture of choice" that simplifies choice making and nudges students toward better choices by such means as simplifying the financial aid process, improving credit articulation for community college transfer students, and building guided pathways through college. A third strand involves reducing the harms of suboptimal choices by creating the means to monitor student progress and intervene when students might or actually do go off course. Finally, because suboptimal choices will still occur, it is important to enlighten student choosers and their observers about how choice making under conditions of information inequity produces and legitimates social inequality and to empower them to combat that stratified and stratifying process.

In educational research, there has been much stricture of neoliberalism as a scourge. In the higher education sector, the neoliberal turn has been observed as eroding academic freedom and deprofessionalising academics. Early career academics are often described as victims of neoliberalism. In this paper, we take a positive perspective through a deep dive into resilience that enables self-transformation and, potentially, system change. Our paper is situated in the Chinese higher education context where the "up-or-out" system has been put in place, mirroring the neoliberal university at a global range. We--a mid-career researcher and an early career academic--analyse our collective narratives generated through WeChat text and voice message. Drawing insight from Bourdieu's reflexive sociology, our narratives lead to four themes: capital accumulation and self-transformation, shaping the publication habitus, emancipation from symbolic violence, and resilience to symbolic domination. We conclude the paper with a call for sociology of resilience and recommendations for deneoliberalising higher education.

Talcott Parsons did not leave us with a global and consistent sociology of education. Instead, different aspects can be found in Parsons's oeuvre in different theoretical contexts. This paper summarises these different parts of Parsons's sociology of education -- his writings on the concepts of education and socialisation, the university, the school, the professions, and modernisation -- and discusses central criticisms and perspectives for further theoretical development. The paper goes on to argue that the value of cognitive rationality serves as a common basis of Parsons's sociology of education and that Parsons's sociology of education should be characterised as normative functionalist. Since the current sociology of education does not deal very intensely with Parsons's theoretical approach, the paper also considers references to other authors and the relevance for current questions and research in the sociology of education.

Recent years have witnessed a heightening of interest in the role of teachers working in EAP (English for Academic Purposes), particularly with regard to defining and debating their professional identity. However, it must be said that most authors have painted a rather dismal picture, when comparing the status and professional standing of English language teachers in Higher Education with that of academics working in other disciplines. Drawing on concepts and models developed by the educational sociologists Basil Bernstein and Pierre Bourdieu, this reflective paper proposes a theoretical framework to account for why these differences in status might be so. The paper concludes that EAP as an academic discipline currently faces some significant threats. However, the paper also argues that if EAP practitioners are to gain the professional recognition they desire, then they themselves must strive to trade more explicitly on the forms of capital valued by the academy.

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 forced Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to quickly reimagine and rethink how lectures and tutorials would continue, how students would be assessed and progressed and how standards would be maintained. This paper focuses on the pedagogical lessons learned from the online pivot in 2020 and how that learning was then harnessed in the 2020-2021 academic year in the reconceptualization and redesign of a Sociology of Education module in one HEI in Ireland. The module was scaffolded by the TPACK framework (Mishra, P., and M. J. Koehler. 2006. "Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A Framework for Teacher Knowledge." "Teachers College Record" 108 (6): 1017-1054), which supported dynamic teaching, learning and assessment approach delivered using both synchronous and asynchronous pedagogies. The paper explores levels and types of student engagement, student outputs across both synchronous and asynchronous elements of the module and how the overall module design impacted positively on student outcomes and student engagement. The provision of multiple points of engagement/tasks for students both synchronously and asynchronously ensured an inclusive strengths-based approach where students felt comfortable and confident enough to engage, articulate themselves and contribute to the module.

Drawing on various disciplinary and scholarly approaches to the multiple roles of higher education in society, this paper offers a new conceptualisation of the non-economic contributions of higher education. The conceptual model identifies two basic dimensions in higher education's contributions to society. The first, axiological dimension pertains to the objects of higher education: what higher education does, what is in the centre of its activities. This includes three key elements: knowledge/skills (basic and applied knowledge, generic and particular skills), norms and values (social, cultural, professional, civic) and social value (social statuses). The second, praxeological dimension pertains to the internal dynamics of higher education: what higher education does in relation to the object, the processes, practices, activities. This entails three: transmission, transformation and creation. The resulting model combines the two dimensions (axiological and praxeological), identifying nine key domains of the contributions of higher education to society. This conceptualisation both brings together the three major components of higher education's role and attends to its internal dynamics. It illuminates the intrinsic value of teaching, learning and research and the inherent transformative potentials of higher education for individuals and for societies. It embraces actual and potential contributions of higher education to society. It is applicable at both individual and collective levels. It works on the scales of group, institution, local, national and global.

Global movements to decolonise sociology have gained significant momentum in recent decades and offer far-reaching implications for the field of education. One understudied area of research, however, concerns the sociologies of education taught and experienced in teacher education outside of Anglo/European contexts. This paper uses post-/­decolonial theory to explore the teaching and learning of sociology of education for pre-service teachers at the University of Zambia. It draws on data from surveys (n = 318) and five focus groups with pre-service teachers (n = 20), a focus group with tutors (n = 3) working on the course, and reflections by course lecturers to examine Zambian pre-service teachers' experiences and perspectives of sociology. We argue that a sociology of education which includes some elements of the classical canon but is grounded more firmly in sociological perspectives related to local social issues, contexts, and epistemologies may lead to a more informed and inspired cadre of pre-service teachers, and by extension, citizens.

Discourses of global education, citizenship and competence have been characterising the higher education literature in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has both heightened the relevance of global citizenship education and presented new challenges as educators and students continue to grapple with the lasting impact and implications. This paper presents the findings of a research study which looked at the perceived learning outcomes of a 'virtual exchange' project which addressed issues relevant to global citizenship, involving students in European and Southern Mediterranean countries in online dialogue programmes. The study used quantitative and qualitative approaches to the analysis of responses to open survey questions using the quantitative tool IRAMUTEQ (Sbalchiero & Tuzzi, 2016) and focus groups. Participants perceived that their learning was happening above all through their encounters and discussions with people from different backgrounds. They reported learning to listen actively and carefully, to accept and/or respect different opinions and experiences. The findings open up possibilities for how higher education institutions might engage students in online transnational and global learning experiences—which can contribute to thinking about renewing education and societies in a post-pandemic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper aims to discuss the outreach strategies of higher education institutions (HEIs) to promote the inclusion of refugees, focusing on two case studies of programs in southern Brazil. Design/methodology/approach: This paper analyzes two outreach programs of Brazilian universities: the Welcome Program for Immigrants (Programa Acolhida ao Imigrante) of the University of South Santa Catarina, a private higher education institution and the Support Center for Immigrants and Refugees (Núcleo de Apoio ao Imigrantes e Refugiados), sponsored by the Federal University of Santa Catarina, a public university. The activities of the two institutions were compared with the targets of the sustainable development goals to discuss the outreach strategies of HEIs aimed at promoting the inclusion of refugees, through descriptive research, with a qualitative approach based on documentary and bibliographic research. Findings: The results show that academic participation in research and outreach programs provides refugees with an education but also represents a social contribution far beyond qualifications and technical training, by mitigating local and global problems. The practice of inclusive education allows a reduction in historically existing inequalities. The findings of this study indicate that the results are much more effective when universities, government and society work together to reduce inequalities. Originality/value: This study addressed how universities can and should ensure life quality (SDG 3), including an equitable education and fostering lifelong learning opportunities for everybody (SDG 4) and gender equality (SDG 5), to reduce unemployment (SDG 8) and inequalities among people (SDG 10), through outreach projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a sociologically informed analysis of the historically changing relation between education and society. Using a set of socio-geographical methods and longitudinal data from population censuses, we explore changes in the forms of educational inclusion and exclusion in the period 1961 to 2011. We analyse, more particularly, changes in the geographical segregation and clustering of both high- and low-schooled individuals, while geographical proximity determines the kind of social contacts people normally have. Our findings show, firstly, that the segregation of university-trained human capital within Belgium and its regions has remained high, in spite of the expansion of university education and the creation of "regional" universities. Highly educated individuals now increasingly attract one another; they increasingly search for an environment in which they are able to meet people with a similar educational background. Our findings show, secondly, different evolutions for early school leavers. While the overall decrease in the share of early school leavers has gone hand in hand with decreasing heterogeneity within Belgium, our analyses point to increasing divergences between Flanders, on the one hand, and Wallonia and Brussels, on the other. In large parts of Wallonia and Brussels, the labour markets suffer from comparatively high shares of early school leavers. We conclude that the coupling between education and society has changed in the period under consideration. We question, however, that education has become a dominant social system. We rather argue that historical analyses of geographical inequalities in educational participation shed light on the complexity and heterogeneity of society. Cet article présente une analyse sociologique de l'histoire de la relation entre l'éducation et la société. Par le biais d'un ensemble de méthodes sociogéographiques et de données longitudinales issues de recensements de la population, cette étude analyse les changements historiques dans les formes d'inclusion et d'exclusion scolaire dans la période 1961 à 2011 en Belgique. Nous analysons plus particulièrement les changements historiques de la ségrégation géographique et le clustering des individus hautement et peu scolarisées, sachant que la proximité géographique détermine le type de liens sociaux que tissent normalement les individus. Nos constats montrent, tout d'abord, que, en Belgique et dans ses régions, la ségrégation du capital humain formé à l'université est demeurée élevée malgré l'expansion de l'enseignement universitaire et la création des universités 'régionales'. Les individus hautement scolarisés de plus en plus s'attirent mutuellement les uns les autres; ils recherchent ainsi un environnement dans lequel ils peuvent rencontrer des personnes ayant un niveau de formation similaire. Nos résultats montrent, d'autre part, des évolutions différentes pour les abandons scolaires. Si en Belgique la diminution globale chez les 'abandons' va de pair avec une hétérogénéité scolaire décroissante, nos analyses indiquent des divergences croissantes entre la Flandre, d'une part, et la Wallonie et Bruxelles, d'autre part. Dans une grande partie de la Wallonie et de Bruxelles, le marché du travail souffre d'une proportion relativement élevée de jeunes qui quittent précocement l'école. Nous concluons que l'accouplement entre l'éducation et la société a changé au cours de la période analysée. Nous remettons cependant en question l'hypothése que l'éducation soit devenue un systéme social dominant. Nous soutenons plutôt que les analyses historiques des inégalités géographiques dans la participation à l'éducation mettent en lumiére la complexité et l'hétérogénéité de la société contemporaine. Dieser Aufsatz präsentiert eine soziologisch informierte Analyse des historisch veränderten Verhältnisses zwischen Erziehung und Gesellschaft. Anhand einer Reihe von sozio-geografischen Methoden und Längsschnittdaten aus Volkszählungen untersuchen wir Veränderungen in den Formen der Inklusion und Exklusion von Schulerziehung im Zeitraum 1961-2011. Wir analysieren insbesondere Veränderungen in der geografischen Segregation und Clustering von Personen mit hohem und niedrigem Schulabschluss, weil die geografische Nähe die Art der sozialen Kontakte bestimmt, die Individuen normalerweise haben. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen zum einen, dass die Trennung des von Universitäten ausgebildeten Humankapitals in Belgien und seinen Regionen trotz des Ausbaus der Hochschulen und der Schaffung "regionaler" Universitäten hoch geblieben ist. Hochgebildete Individuen ziehen sich zunehmend an; sie suchen vermehrt nach einem Umfeld, in dem sie Individuen mit einem ähnlichen Bildungshintergrund treffen können. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen zweitens unterschiedliche Entwicklungen für frühzeitige Schulabbrecher. Während der allgemeine Rückgang des Anteils der Schulabbrecher mit einer abnehmenden Heterogenität in Belgien einherging, deuten unsere Analysen auf wachsende Unterschiede zwischen Flandern einerseits und Wallonien und Brüssel andererseits hin. In weiten Teilen Walloniens und Brüssels leiden die Arbeitsmärkte unter einem vergleichsweise hohen Anteil von Schulabbrechern. Wir schließen daraus, dass sich die Kopplung zwischen Schulerziehung und Gesellschaft im betrachteten Zeitraum geändert hat. Wir stellen jedoch in Frage, dass Erziehung zu einem dominanten gesellschaftlichen Funktionssystem geworden ist. Wir argumentieren vielmehr, dass historische Analysen geografischer Ungleichheiten im Falle von Schulerziehung gerade die Komplexität und Heterogenität der heutigen Gesellschaft beleuchten. Este artículo presenta un análisis sociológico de la relación cambiante entre educación y sociedad a lo largo de la historia. Utilizando un conjunto de métodos socio-geográficos y datos longitudinales de los censos de población, analizamos los cambios en las formas de inclusión y exclusión educativa en el pertíodo de 1961 a 2011. Analizamos, más espectíficamente, los cambios en la segregación geográfica y la agregación tanto de individuos de alto nivel de escolaridad como de bajo nivel de escolar, considerando que la proximidad geográfica determina el tipo de vínculos sociales que normalmente desarrollan las personas. Nuestros hallazgos muestran, en primer lugar, que la segregación del capital humano con formación universitaria en Bélgica como al interior de sus regiones, se ha mantenido alta a pesar de la expansión de la educación universitaria y la creación de universidades 'regionales'. Las personas con un alto nivel educativo se atraen cada vez más entre sí y buscan cada vez más un entorno en el que puedan conocer a otras con una formación académica de simila [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim/Purpose: The aim of this study is to adopt more systematically the collaborative learning dimension in the technical translation teaching at Master Degree level. In order to do so, a computer-supported skills lab approach is targeted. This approach is aimed at enhancing traditional courses on Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) so that student competences and soft skills are enhanced. Background: In traditional CAT courses, laboratory sessions complement theoretical lessons, thus providing students mainly with tool-oriented operational knowledge, while nowadays more intertwined competences are required by the labor market. Moreover, this sector lacks skills labs which engage students in collaborative activities mimicking professional workflows, thus not exploiting team-based learning potential effectiveness. Methodology: In this paper, therefore, a design Methodology to deploy and operate an enhanced skills lab as a remote Computer-Supported Collaborative Simulated Translation Bureau (CS2TB) is proposed and validated. The proposed Methodology is based on a set of intertwined methodological frameworks that address: 1) student competences and educational requirements, 2) collaborative aspects, 3) regulatory policies as well as functional and interactional guidelines for the simulated fieldwork. The overall effectiveness of the proposed Methodology has been assessed by using pre-post questionnaires to ascertain student feedback. The improvement in technology skills has been evaluated by collecting and examining student help requests as well as system error logs. Contribution: The CS2TB provides a technology-enhanced simulation-based learning environment whose aim is twofold: first, enriching traditional approaches with a Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) experience and, second, incorporating widely adopted approaches for the translation-teaching domain as the required grounding knowledge. Findings: Results demonstrate the effectiveness of CS2TB in improving students' competences (specifically in the IT area but also in the technical translation area), students' willingness to operate in a fieldwork-like context and cooperative learning efficacy. Recommendations for Practitioners: The educational implications of the proposed approach concern the development of a full range of competences and soft skills for students in the technical translation teaching at the higher education level, ranging from language and translation proficiency to the usage of IT platforms as well as personal and interpersonal interactional soft skills. Recommendations for Researchers: This study offers a wide overview of all the aspects entailed by the design, implementation, management, and evaluation of a skills lab for technical translation teaching. Researchers may benefit from the rigorous modelling approach as well as from the adopted assessment techniques. Moreover, the study stresses the pivotal role of a tight collaboration between language/translation teaching and computer engineering. Impact on Society: Higher education institutions that already have courses on computer-assisted translation may benefit from the proposed CS2TB approach, which allows them to design new thematic activities leveraging team-based learning, collaborative learning, and fieldwork-situated simulation. Moreover, the presented broad range of assessment approaches can be used to measure the impact of CS2TB on learning outcomes of the involved students. Future Research: Future research activities will be dedicated to examining the impact of a different set of enabling IT platforms on the collaborative learning perspective, to evaluate alternative scaffolding approaches (e.g., chatbots or augmented reality), and to increase simulation fidelity further, so that even more student competences can be fostered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blended learning is a set of pedagogical strategies and practices that are closely related to the emergence of new technologies in society and in higher education. They are characterized by a combination of face-to-face and online learning that integrates a variety of materials in the teaching and learning process. The aim of our research was to analyze scientific production on this topic using two prestigious international databases: Scopus and Web of Science (WOS). A bibliometric study was conducted on 508 papers, and content analysis was performed on 119 openly accessible publications. Results show that blended learning is being applied in all scientific and professional spheres. This learning model is praised for its positive impact on motivation and learning effectiveness, as well as for promoting student autonomy. With respect to content, it is worth noting that many authors observe that methodological success is related to cultural context and access to devices and materials. Furthermore, it is suggested that greater methodological diversity is preferable to a single hegemonic approach. In short, the present paper contributes to the educational community by shedding light on how blended learning is being implemented and its impact on higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' persistence and success remain significant issues for universities worldwide, but Tinto (2017a; 2017b) argued that universities need to listen to perspectives of students themselves in identifying what causes them to persist and succeed. This article reports on such perspectives of Indigenous Emirati, Muslim women at one public university in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Data collection from original doctoral research involved an initial, customised survey completed by 22 Emirati women with subsequent interviews conducted with a further 21 female students. Data for the purpose of this article were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings are presented within Tinto's framework: goals; sense of belonging; self-efficacy; responses to curriculum; and their impact on students' motivation. Tinto's framework provides a valuable insight in understanding the women's experiences, and their statements around persistence and success have important implications for understanding women's progression in higher education in a society where male authority remains significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To support higher education, global philanthropies provide diverse funding to organizations, individuals, and networks. This case study focuses on a unique model in philanthropy in education: the Open Society Foundations' Pre-Academic Summer Program or "OSF Summer School." To prepare civil society leaders and activists for graduate level study, this month-long intensive program aims to mirror the academic environment and expectations of the grantees' host universities. Through this case study, findings show that the OSF Summer School teaches students academic skills and provides valuable lessons in interpreting academic culture. By funding and administering this initiative, OSF extends its commitment to educational access by providing programming designed for non-traditional profiles. This case study aims to inform other global foundations and higher education institutions working to prepare scholarship grantees, including individuals from marginalized communities, for international graduate education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides insights into the possible, plausible and desirable futures of using blockchain technologies in education. While several universities and education providers are already beginning to use blockchain technologies for complex record manipulations, accounting, and certification of credentials, a whole-systems approach provides a broader view of the issues, promises and challenges associated with using blockchain technologies in education. The study uses social inquiry and causal layered analysis (CLA) to explore impacts across social, economic, environmental, policy, and values dimensions. Findings suggest the needs for new driving metaphors and myths about the purpose and value of education and its place in society as a public good, challenging traditional narratives of the importance and value of formal education and degrees. The implications of this study include a consideration of wider social factors that become important for implementing transformative change in education, presenting challenges to traditional K-12 and higher education curriculum, outcomes, and infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents qualitative data from interviews with >100 Australian undergraduates to sociologically consider why learners used technologically mediated learning activities (TMLA). Engagement with TMLA varied with personal preference, technical aptitude, prior experience and perceived relevance to assessment. TMLA students thought facilitated, rather than distracted, from their learning aligned with personal opinions and normative expectations about 'good' communication and desirable social interactions. Students who disliked TMLA believed technologies hindered their social interactions or poorly aligned with their preferred communication style. Systemic variation in TMLA provision by the university also affected student satisfaction. Critical sociological investigation illustrating what students valued, used or avoided broadly reflects TMLAs' social embeddedness and relevance of social experience to higher education practice and satisfaction. The findings reveal practical lessons for organisations seeking to improve service delivery, or student retention. Prior socialisation not only affects student–lecturer social relationships and communication expectations, it affects individual engagement and institutional success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the impact of the Great Recession on university drop-out rates in Italy and its effects on social inequality. The authors argue that the economic downturn may have made it more difficult for individuals from lower social backgrounds to pursue higher education, which in turn affects their future occupational status. The study finds that the recession increased the drop-out rate for all fields of study, with a slightly lower increase for single-cycle degrees. Remunerative fields were not able to protect students from the increased drop-out risk. The analysis also reveals a social gradient, with students from less advantaged backgrounds experiencing a stronger increase in drop-out rates. The authors suggest that changes in resource allocation patterns during the recession may have contributed to the challenges faced by students from disadvantaged backgrounds. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: Higher education has experienced some significant changes over the past few years including a highly competitive landscape, use of new technology, managing COVID protocols and guiding students to resources that ensure their success. With prior research highlighting the changes in the workforce and poor working conditions of part-time faculty, this study aims to explore full-time perceptions of several employment-related variables to determine how these significant workplace changes have impacted them. Design/methodology/approach: A mixed-methods approach is used. This includes a questionnaire being sent out via e-mail to faculty at a medium-sized, public, regional university located in the USA. This was sent through two separate listservs: full-time faculty listserv and part-time faculty listserv. The questionnaire included quantitative and qualitative questions. A one-way ANOVA was used to detect significant differences between the two groups of interest for the quantitative components. The qualitative portions of the questionnaire provided deeper insights into employee perceptions of their workplace. Findings: This research uncovers some alarming trends for full-time faculty within higher education. Across several different employment variables, full-time faculty perceptions are significantly worse than part-time faculty. This includes work–family conflict, pay perceptions, compensation opportunities, online teaching experiences, overwhelming work activities, technology provided, travel funding provided, perceived satisfaction of a faculty advocate and perceived benefits of a faculty advocate. Qualitative and quantitative results support these findings and provide additional clarification as to why they have these negative workplace perceptions. Research limitations/implications: A convenience sample was used, where data was only gathered from one university. Future research could replicate finding with more universities varying in their make-up and location to determine if these results hold across the USA and internationally. Some measures did not use established scales in the literature, and some were single-item measures. Future research could replicate findings using established scales with multi-item measures to provide more confidence the results produced that are reliable and valid. Practical implications: These results suggest alarming concerns for higher education institutions regarding their full-time faculty. Human resource managers and administrators at universities should respond to "the alarm" from this research and internal employee satisfaction surveys they have conducted with their employees. Changes should be made at higher education institutions to improve employee workplace perceptions in hopes of retaining valuable employees and improving worker morale to increase productivity. The recent workplace changes and challenges for full-time faculty are negatively impacting their workplace perceptions. Social implications: As a result of full-time faculty having significantly worse perceptions across all measured employment variables than their part-time colleagues, who already had poor perceptions, the authors may see more "good" employees leaving the industry for other more lucrative options. Others may become "dead wood" in the university and engage in "quite quitting" resulting in less productivity. With the tenure process protecting professors, this may result in universities being "stuck" with many unmotivated professors and hurt the quality of educational services provided. Some professors may even act out negatively toward the university. This could damage the quality of education provided at universities and perceptions of higher education by society. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study comparing full-time and part-time faculty workplace perceptions across several variables. After previous study has highlighted the poor work conditions and perceptions of part-time faculty, this study adds to the discussion showing that significant changes in the workplace have resulted in full-time faculty now perceiving their employment to be significantly worse than their part-time colleagues. This can have significant short-term and long-term ramifications for the industry that will make it more difficult for universities to attract talented individuals to choose a career in education and retaining their best workers based on current employment perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the teaching of the introductory course in sociology. The first section sets the context of the teaching of introductory sociology in American higher education. The second turns to an examination of the written materials of introductory sociology: the textbooks used in the vast majority of these courses. Their widespread use provides a window into how introductory sociology has evolved over time. These texts also provide a view of what certain stakeholders—publishers and a select group of authors—have taken as central for beginners to master. The third section considers the scholarship on teaching and learning (SOTL) literature in sociology, which has produced research on current pedagogical practices and on strategies, techniques, ideas, and solutions to problems that contemporary introductory instructors face. A short conclusion offers a reflection on the implications of these issues for the future of teaching in the discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article author provides historical sociological analysis of changes in the system of higher education during the period from the second half of the 19th century until the 1930s in the Russian Empire and later on in the Soviet Union. By analyzing historical materials, legal acts and interpretations author also addresses two important questions of the sociology of education. First one is what role plays education in the forming of modern society. Second is how the higher education institutions in general and Universities in particular reflect the changes in the society and adjust to those changes and how state and government affect the education in general. The purpose of this article is to analyze the higher education system in Russia and its role in the life of Russian society from the second half of the 19th century to the 20s of the 20th century. As theoretical framework author uses modernization theory of Czech-British philosopher and social anthropologist, Ernest Gellner (1925-1995) and his idea of education as source of new universal high culture which forms modern societies. Another theory which is also used in the following research is the ideas of modern Spanish sociologist Manuel Castells and his ideas of the role modern universities play in Western societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the digitalization process of the national education under conditions of digitalization of the global space. It is emphasized that in the context of increasing global challenges, it is relevant to study the impact of global processes on higher education and educational relations taking into account the impact of globalization on all spheres of social life, including education. The main purpose of the article is to highlight the issue of the possibilities of digitalization of the national education, problems, and prospects for the development of this process. It is proved that modern society responds positively to innovative processes related to the digitalization of society and education. In addition, the latest global trends have prompted all participants in the domestic educational process to intensify their efforts in improving information competence. Two important factors concerning the implementation of this process within the framework of modern educational activities are elucidated. First, it is about the emergence of a new type of communication between a lecturer and a student (the so-called "cold" communication), which goes beyond the classical one. These are, for example, WhatsApp, Zoom, Messenger, e-mail, Instagram, etc. The mental stability of all communication participants and the didactic capabilities of the Internet are highlighted as the second factor of the indicated communication. Based on the analyzed material, a conclusion that the consumer possibility of social networks has great potential is made. These resources provide the organization of educational interaction, both in the educational process and beyond, making it possible to apply elements of educational technologies, thereby increasing the involvement of students in the process of cognition and learning. The positive aspects include the variability of using social networks for educational purposes in learning and teaching activities. Aspects that require special attention are the low level of literacy in the IT industry and the inertness of the transition from a traditional form of labor to a digitalized one, which also requires some time to review its normative regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of education is, and can be, many things. In this article, I argue that the history of education in the Nordic countries is marked by three phases, based on its institutional setting. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the history of education was written by schoolmen for schoolmen. In the post-war era, the discipline of education took increasing responsibility for the field. Since the 1980s, it has been a multidisciplinary research field based on the disciplines of education and history where history of education was combined with research in history education, sociology of education, child studies and educational policy. While the development of the history of education varied across the Nordics, this setting proved to be fertile. In terms of active researchers, output and coordination, the Nordic history of education clearly stands stronger now than it did 20 years ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article critically examines the suitability of Social Realist perspectives within North American higher music education, with a particular focus on its relationship with jazz musical knowledges. Social Realist scholarship continues to emerge within the field of education sociology, driven by claims to contribute to student access and opportunity. In spite of this, scholars have continued to critique Social Realist perspectives for various reasons including maintaining an ideological status quo and devaluing the experiences of students, going as far as argue that Social Realist frameworks may in fact limit the access and opportunity espoused by its proponents. Drawing upon past music education literature surrounding Social Realism, this article focuses particularly on the concepts of 'powerful knowledge,' 'generative knowledge,' and 'reliablism' to explore how Social Realism may be ill-positioned to meet its alleged goals of access and opportunity within the North American higher music institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the digitalization process of the national education under conditions of digitalization of the global space. It is emphasized that in the context of increasing global challenges, it is relevant to study the impact of global processes on higher education and educational relations taking into account the impact of globalization on all spheres of social life, including education. The main purpose of the article is to highlight the issue of the possibilities of digitalization of the national education, problems, and prospects for the development of this process. It is proved that modern society responds positively to innovative processes related to the digitalization of society and education. In addition, the latest global trends have prompted all participants in the domestic educational process to intensify their efforts in improving information competence. Two important factors concerning the implementation of this process within the framework of modern educational activities are elucidated. First, it is about the emergence of a new type of communication between a lecturer and a student (the so-called "cold" communication), which goes beyond the classical one. These are, for example, WhatsApp, Zoom, Messenger, e-mail, Instagram, etc. The mental stability of all communication participants and the didactic capabilities of the Internet are highlighted as the second factor of the indicated communication. Based on the analyzed material, a conclusion that the consumer possibility of social networks has great potential is made. These resources provide the organization of educational interaction, both in the educational process and beyond, making it possible to apply elements of educational technologies, thereby increasing the involvement of students in the process of cognition and learning. The positive aspects include the variability of using social networks for educational purposes in learning and teaching activities. Aspects that require special attention are the low level of literacy in the IT industry and the inertness of the transition from a traditional form of labor to a digitalized one, which also requires some time to review its normative regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study reports a systemic cyber application with a transdisciplinary approach of a case study, through the creation of measuring instruments to improve academic performance in middle and higher education. The objective is to amend an absence of comprehensive measurement mechanisms to promote school stay in technical and vocational training, and its impact on the productive sector. Educational models themselves are not a guarantee of educational efficiency or a link between education and society. Educational lag information in many Latin American countries is evident, only 18% complete higher-level studies. To improve academic performance, it is necessary to use measurement tools related to educational contexts and their actors. To fulfil this purpose, we use a hybrid methodology of soft systems with an emphasis on cybernetics and a transdisciplinary approach. The most important findings were found a set of variables related to students (demographic, sociocultural, economic and health, academic information, learning-teaching processes, equity and academic supports, and business-university collaboration; with teachers (work and teaching experience, learning-teaching process, equity and academic supports and university-business collaboration); with employers (general information, human capital, fellows and support for fellows and collaboration university company). The instruments comprise a total of 193 contextual variables of students-teachers-employers, for which an application model was proposed (diagnosis-application-feedback) to a case study. A notion of academic performance is integrated, based on literature review and consultation with experts. It is concluded that the geocultural integration of the actors supports the management of culturally viable and organizationally sustainable solutions for the innovation of academic programs and their coevolution in the educational system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work seeks to support scholars interested in non-face-to-face modalities of higher education in making decisions about the use of digital and educational technologies (DET) to promote educational transformation (ET) in the context of their organizations. This organizational change deals with the implementation of technology-based flexible educational practices, focused on helping students develop competencies of interest for their personal and professional growth. With this in mind, in 2018 we identified and followed six leading higher education institutions on three continents that, for years, have carried out educational innovation experiences with the support of technology. Two of the analyzed experiences make use of eLearning, another of bLearning, and the others combine eLearning and bLearning as a complement to the face-to-face modality. The meta-analysis of the cases, carried out in 2019, followed suggestions from (Stake in The art of case study research, Sage Publications Inc., 1995) as well as from qualitative research that seeks to understand what is behind the cases from three dimensions: education, technology, organization. For each one, we determined what they do, how they do it, and what success factors must be considered. As the data was collected before the 2020 pandemic and this issue produced structural imbalances in society and in higher education, it was considered pertinent, at the end of 2020, to check the pulse of the ET mediated with DET in three of the six institutions studied. The purpose was to refine the findings of the meta-analysis and learn from the decisions made in the situation of forced change in environments, means, and strategies to continue providing quality higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses how three other articles have employed E.P. Thompson's concept of the moral economy to analyse movements of resistance to higher education (HE) marketisation processes. Two of the studies relate to the English HE sector while one is a study of the Israeli system. The articles were selected because they are indicative of one of the key challenges that scholars working within the sociology of higher education may encounter when applying Thompson's ideas: rendering a faithful sense of the temporality which is foundational to Thompson's concept, and which makes it such a powerful tool of critique regarding dominant hegemonic processes such as higher education marketisation. I conclude the article with a discussion of the challenges that arise in transferring a concept that originated in history to the sociology of higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article contextualises the emergence of the Feral Art School, established in Hull in 2018 by artist‐educators following the winding down of Hull School of Art and Design. This alternative art school is the most recent of many established in the UK since the government's Independent Review of Higher Education Funding & Student Finance or Browne Review. This article argues that the processes of 'economisation' enacted by this review have severely threatened the health of arts education in the UK, forcing the closure of provision and increasing barriers to higher education arts education for the disadvantaged. This article uses the example of Feral Art School to demonstrate how provincial art schools might re‐emerge in new, counter‐hegemonic forms. The Feral Art School is run as a Community Interest Company (CIC) with cooperative values. We argue that these values extend to the philosophy of education underpinning all of Feral's activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students from underprivileged backgrounds such as working-class and rural communities are less likely to go to top-tier universities for their first degree; thus, these two mechanisms, I Pianyi i and I Qishi i , may lower their chances of accessing postgraduate education at top-tier universities. The issues of access and equity in higher education are classic topics in the field of sociology of education. This preference excludes students who are not from top-tier universities and graduates who have transitioned from associate degree programs at community colleges to bachelor's degree programs at four-year colleges and universities. Specifically, high levels of discrimination are reported by doctoral graduates who obtained their first degrees from non-top-tier universities, female graduates, graduates who are older than 34 years old, and married doctoral graduates in western areas of China. [Extracted from the article]

The article traces the history of prison higher education at the Penitentiary Community College of Santa Fe in New Mexico and explores the impact of the college program and other prison reforms implemented at the Penitentiary of New Mexico and the consequences of their dissolution.

During the 2012 to 2013, 2013 to 2014, and 2014 to 2015 academic years, 20% of course time within the subject Sociology of Education, in the Pedagogy, and Social Education undergraduate degrees run by the University of the Basque Country, was devoted to Project-Based Learning. The aim was to design, test, and evaluate an innovation and educational improvement experience oriented toward fostering the competences linked to the subject, using active, and participatory methodologies. The design of the exercise involved preparing the Teacher and Student Guides, outlining the context of the project and its objectives, drafting the statement or scenario and the justification and specifying related topics, expected work, previous knowledge required, activities planned, deliverables, resources to be used, evaluation systems and schedule, among others. The results, which were based on student notes and opinions, were positive: Project-Based Learning enables active student participation, fosters contact with reality, and results in significant learning for their professional future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been bi-partisan momentum to provide higher education opportunities for students who are impacted by the criminal legal system, but similar to the context of the contemporary crisis of higher education, the problem of racial inequity persists. The Alliance for Higher Education in Prison, a national multi-stakeholder network supporting quality higher education in prison, stated in their most recent report, "programs are ill-equipped to support faculty and staff in reflecting on how race, class, gender, ability, sexuality, and other identity or status markers might impact their interest in, or approach to, teaching in prison, as well as their experiences while doing so (Erzen et al., 2019)." In this spirit, this essay will address issues of racial inequity and injustice within higher education in prison programs—examining issues of faculty diversity, pedagogy, and barriers students impacted by the criminal legal system face in continuing their higher education upon release. In addressing these barriers, there is an opportunity to overcome racial inequity at a massive scale and set an example, both for higher education communities and society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial literacy represents the knowledge necessary to manage one's financial affairs in a way that contributes to overall wellbeing, yet financial literacy and financial education are understudied in sociology. While emerging adults have low rates of financial literacy overall, this article focuses on college students due to increasing college access and student loan debt. Based on the limited literature that assesses college financial literacy education, it appears that these types of programs may serve to advance college students' financial knowledge. Additional mechanisms that serve to develop college students' financial literacy include parent socialization, banking experience, and high school financial education programs. However, not everyone has the same access to these resources. Thus, given the magnitude of the US student debt crisis and persistent economic inequalities, college financial literacy education may prove beneficial for all students, particularly those from economically vulnerable backgrounds. This article serves as an invitation to sociologists to consider financial literacy education as both a worthwhile pursuit in application and as a research topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we compare interrelations between institutional settings and regional provision structures of continuing higher education (CHE) in England and Spain. The aim of the qualitative analysis is to identify and to compare country-specific linkages between national and regional policies, legal and financial regulations and their impact on providers, types of provision and target groups of CHE at the regional level. Theoretical assumptions of educational governance, environmental neo-institutionalism, and the sociology of conventions guide the analysis, based on expert interviews in England and Spain. Our research questions are: What modes of coordination of action to provide CHE are caused by national and regional regulations in England and Spain? How are these actions justified, and how do they influence regional CHE provision types and target groups in both countries? Interview-based findings show that national and regional regulations embrace hybrid modes of coordination of action regarding CHE provision in both countries. Specifically, centralised national policies in England and a mixture of centralised and decentralised legal frameworks in Spain impact regional CHE provision by universities, as does the scope of university autonomy in both countries. However, national frameworks only explain regional disparities in CHE provision to a limited extent. Less formal normative dimensions and social orders of university orientations and labour market demands also influence regional types of provision, concepts, provider cooperation, and adult CHE learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]