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The study examines the integration of emerging technologies into anatomy education and focuses on the impact on learning results and student involvement. It uses a comprehensive literature search to identify technologies such as virtual reality, three-dimensional printing of anatomical models, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, virtual dissection, online resources, interactive software, haptic technology, anatomy software, simulation technology, gamification, mobile applications, and social media. The findings reveal that these technologies offer advantages such as enhanced interactive learning experiences, realistic simulations, and adaptability to various learning styles. However, challenges such as cost, ethical concerns, and specialized training accompany their implementation. The study concludes that the integration of advanced technologies in anatomy education has the potential to revolutionize the learning experience, fostering increased accessibility and engagement. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Medical knowledge, Systems-based practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The Saudi Urolithiasis Guidelines are a set of recommendations for diagnosing, evaluating, and treating urolithiasis in the Saudi population. These guidelines are based on the latest evidence and expert consensus to improve patient outcomes and optimize care delivery. They cover the various aspects of urolithiasis, including risk factors, diagnosis, medical and surgical treatments, and prevention strategies. By following these guidelines, health-care professionals can improve care quality for individuals with urolithiasis in Saudi Arabia. Panel: The Saudi Urolithiasis Guidelines Panel consists of urologists specialized in endourology with expertise in urolithiasis and consultation with a guideline methodologist. All panelists involved in this document have submitted statements disclosing any potential conflicts of interest. Methods: The Saudi Guidelines on Urolithiasis were developed by relying primarily on established international guidelines to adopt or adapt the most appropriate guidance for the Saudi context. When necessary, the panel modified the phrasing of recommendations from different sources to ensure consistency within the document. To address areas less well covered in existing guidelines, the panel conducted a directed literature search for high quality evidence published in English, including meta analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective nonrandomized comparative studies. The panel also searched for locally relevant studies containing information unique to the Saudi Arabian population. The recommendations are formulated with a direction and strength of recommendation based on GRADE terminology and interpretation while relying on existing summaries of evidence from the existing guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prolonged urinary incontinence represents one of the most severe complications after a radical prostatectomy procedure, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. In an attempt to ameliorate postprostatectomy continence rates, several sphincter preservation techniques have been reported. The purpose of this article is to report several different sphincter preservation techniques and identify the ones which affect postoperative outcomes the most. For our narrative review, PubMed was searched using the keywords "sphincter," "continence," "preservation," "techniques," and "prostatectomy." Other potentially eligible studies were identified using the reference lists of included studies. Sphincter preservation techniques can be summarized into bladder neck preservation, minimizing injury to the external urethral sphincter, and preserving the maximal length of the external sphincter and of the membranous urethra. Three anatomical structures must be recognized and protected in an attempt to maintain the sphincter complex: the bladder neck, the external urethral sphincter and the musculature of the membranous urethra. While there is strong evidence supporting the importance of bladder neck preservation, the role of maximal preservation of the external sphincter and of the intraprostatic part of the membranous urethra in improving continence rates has not yet been reported in a statistically significant manner by high-quality studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erectile dysfunction (ED) impacts millions of men, especially older men, and current treatment options, including tadalafil, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, and short-acting testosterone, are ineffective. This necessitates the immediate development of effective alternative ED treatments. In recent years, attention has been drawn to the secretome of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which can reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair. The UC-MSCs secretome contains numerous growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which are essential for promoting endothelial cell proliferation and penile blood flow. This review seeks to examine the existing evidence on the use of stem cells, with a focus on UC-MSCs secretome, as a potential treatment modality for erectile dysfunction (ED). By reviewing the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases, a comprehensive narrative review was conducted. Included among the search queries were "erectile dysfunction," "stem cells," "mesenchymal stem cells," "umbilical cord," and "secretome." Only research published in English within the past decade was included in the analysis. The findings indicate that the secretome of UC-MSCs has promise for treating ED. The secretome is composed of growth factors, cytokines, and other bioactive compounds that promote tissue repair and regeneration via paracrine effects on adjacent cells. The administration of UC-MSCs improved erectile function, penile blood flow, and smooth muscle content. In addition, discarded UC-MSCs serve as a cost-effective and copious source of ethically acceptable and immunogenic UC-MSCs with low immunogenicity. The secretome of UC-MSCs offers a potential therapeutic strategy for treating erectile dysfunction. However, further preclinical and clinical research must be done to determine the safety and efficacy of stem cell-based treatments for erectile dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no well-established procedure for the management of small penis syndrome (SPS), especially when psychological interventions fail. This study aimed at systematically evaluating the physical and psychological benefits of penile augmentation (PA) using injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) gel. Thirty-eight patients receiving PA with HA gel from January 2017 to March 2020 were included and followed up for 1 year. Penile size, erectile function, and psychological burden measured by the Index of Male Genital Image (IMGI), Index of International Erectile Function (IIEF), and Beliefs about Penis Size (BPAS), respectively, were assessed at the beginning and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postinjection. The volume of HA gel injected was 21.5 ± 3.7 ml. Compared to baseline data, flaccid penile girth and length significantly increased by 3.41 ± 0.95 cm (P < 0.01) and 2.55 ± 0.55 cm (P < 0.01) at the 1st month postinjection, respectively. At the endpoint, despite attenuations, statistically significant improvements in flaccid penis size were still obtained, namely 2.44 ± 1.14 cm in girth (P < 0.01) and 1.65 ± 0.59 cm in length (P < 0.01). Similarly, erectile penile girth statistically increased by 1.32 ± 1.02 cm (P < 0.01) at the 1st month but were only 0.80 ± 0.54 cm bigger than baseline (P < 0.01) at the endpoint. At the 1st month, the average score of IMGI and the mean score of IIEF statistically increased by 46.2 ± 10.5 (P < 0.01) and 7.6 ± 6.2 (P < 0.01), respectively; the score of BAPS significantly decreased by 18.3 ± 4.5 (P < 0.01). These alterations remained steady during follow-up. Considering the significant penile size improvement, lasting psychological benefit, and low complication rate, PA with HA might serve as an appropriate alternative for patients with SPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]