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East Asia is a major source of dust accounting for 20% of the global dust emission. Work on reconstructing past changes in dust transport in East Asia is complicated by difficulties in distinguishing local sedimentation from aerial material and lack of suitable material for age determination. Here, we address these issues and present a new dust proxy record from Lake Motosu, located on the Pacific side of Japan. The record is anchored by a high‐quality tephra and radiocarbon chronology. Because Lake Motosu is situated in a quartz‐free basaltic volcanic province, all quartz deposited in the lake is likely to be aerially sourced, and variations in quartz content should reflect past changes in dust transport. Our new record detects a low dust deposition event from 3.0 to 2.0 ka. This event corresponds to elevated sea surface temperature in the Sea of Japan and climate conditions similar to a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation, indicating an association with the weakened Westerlies and with less frequent dust storms in the source region. The increase in spatial resolution of past dust transport reconstructions will further improve our understanding of the mechanism related to dust emission from East Asia. Plain Language Summary: One potential proxy for understanding past changes in atmospheric conditions is aeolian dust. The climate variability links between non‐contiguous geographic regions and strong constraints on geological ages are required to better contribute to the understanding of dust transport. Here, the dust deposition history of the past 8,000 years at Lake Motosu was obtained by quantitative X‐ray diffraction analysis to determine the amount of quartz in the sediments. There is no local source of quartz to Lake Motosu, so we consider that quartz is transported to the lake in the atmosphere. The amount of dust deposition to the Lake Motosu has persistently decreased between 3 and 2 thousand ago. This sustained decrease in dust deposition may be caused by conditions similar to a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation. This interpretation is consistent with other proxy records from East Asia. Key Points: Dust deposition history of the past 8 kyr at Lake Motosu was obtained by quantifying quartz amount by X‐ray diffraction analysisReduced amounts of dust accumulation are recognized between 3 and 2 ka, suggesting the Westerlies were away from Lake MotosuClimate conditions similar to a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation may be the cause of the sustained decrease in dust deposition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the surgical outcome of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy and predictive factors for major complications in real‐world clinical practice at a single institution in Japan. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 208 consecutive patients undergoing robot‐assisted radical cystectomy at our institution between 2019 and 2023. Patient and disease characteristics, intraoperative details, and perioperative outcomes were reviewed. Postoperative complications were defined as minor complications (Clavien–Dindo grades 1–2) or major complications (grades 3–5). Predictors of complications were examined using multivariable logistic analysis. Results: Overall, 147 men and 61 women, median age 70 years (interquartile range, 62–77), were included in this study. Median operative time and estimated blood loss were 8.4 h and 185 mL, respectively; 11 patients (5%) received intraoperative blood transfusions. For urinary diversions, ileal conduit, neobladder, and cutaneous ureterostomy were performed in 153 (74%), 49 (24%), and 6 (3%) patients, respectively. Urinary diversions were primarily performed with extracorporeal urinary diversion. In total, 140 complications occurred in 111 patients (53%) within 30 days. Of these patients, 31 major complications occurred in 28 patients, and one perioperative death (0.5%) with a postoperative cardiovascular event. Multivariable analysis showed only prolonged operative time (odds ratio: 4.34, 95% confidence interval: 1.82–10.35, p < 0.01) was the independent risk factor for major complications. Conclusions: This study reports surgical outcomes at our single institution. Prolonged operative time was a significant prognostic factor for major complications. As far as we know, this study reports the largest number of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy cases at a single center in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: A rare missense mutation was identified as a reversion mutation using cancer genomic profiling and a suspected mechanism underlying resistance to olaparib in breast cancer. A 34‐year‐old woman with breast cancer and BRCA2: p.Gln3047Ter was treated with olaparib. After tumor progression, cancer genomic profiling testing using liquid biopsy revealed BRCA2 p.Gln3047Ter and p.Gln3047Tyr, with 48.9% and 0.37% allele frequency, respectively. These findings shed light on reversion mutation as a mechanism of resistance to olaparib in breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare disease, particularly among men. Herein, we present a case of GM diagnosed in a 63‐year‐old male patient who showed reduction in the tumor size during 3 months of observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxytocin has attracted research attention due to its role in promoting social bonding. In bonobos and chimpanzees, the two species most closely related to humans, urinary oxytocin is known to correlate with key behaviours related to social bonding such as social grooming in chimpanzees and female‐female sexual behaviour in bonobos. However, no study has demonstrated that the administration of oxytocin promotes real‐life social interactions in Pan, leaving it unclear whether oxytocin is merely correlated with social behaviors or does affect them in these species. To test this, we administered nebulized oxytocin or saline placebo to a group of female bonobos and subsequently observed changes in their gross behavior during free interaction. We found an overall effect of more frequent grooming in the oxytocin condition. However, on the individual level this effect remained significant for only one participant in our follow‐up models, suggesting future work should explore interindividual variation. Our results provide some experimental support for the biobehavioural feedback loop hypothesis, which posits that some functions of the oxytocin system support the formation and maintenance of social bonds through a positive feedback loop; however, further tests with a larger number of individuals are required. Our results, at a minimum, demonstrated that oxytocin affects spontaneous, naturalistic social interactions of at least some female bonobos, adding to accumulating evidence that oxytocin modulates complex social behaviors of Pan. Highlights: We administered oxytocin or saline placebo to whole subgroups of bonobos simultaneously. Our overall model finds higher rates of grooming in the oxytocin condition, however, this was only significant in one participant in individual level analysis. This provides some support to the biobehavioural feedback loop hypothesis of oxytocin in bonobo social bonding, while future work should explore individual, group, and species level variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pseudoaneurysm in Case 4 was confirmed to have regressed spontaneously by CECT at 4 months after surgery. gl As shown in Figure 1a, DUS as a screening test identified four cases of asymptomatic RAP. Abbreviations and Acronyms CECT contrast-enhanced computed tomography DUS Doppler ultrasonography DVT deep venous thrombosis PN partial nephrectomy POD postoperative day RAP renal artery pseudoaneurysm Where technically feasible, partial nephrectomy (PN) is increasingly considered the gold standard for localized renal cell carcinomas. Doppler ultrasonography as a screening test for the detection of asymptomatic renal artery pseudoaneurysms following partial nephrectomy: A 15-year single-institution experience. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: To investigate the tumor shrinkage patterns of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab monotherapy. Methods: Forty‐four consecutive patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab monotherapy (81 metastatic and four primary lesions) between September 2013 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The tumor shrinkage rate of individual visceral and lymph node metastatic lesions and the primary site lesions treated with nivolumab monotherapy, as well as the association between overall survival and pretreatment tumor size, were statistically assessed. Results: Pretreatment tumor size for the total and individual target lesions, which included kidneys, lungs, pancreas, and lymph nodes, were not correlated with tumor shrinkage rate. The tumor shrinkage rate was found to have no significant association with pretreatment tumor size between any organ. In addition, there is no significant difference in tumor shrinkage rate between larger (>median value) and smaller (

Although cardiac troponin is a highly specific biomarker for myocardial cell injury, it is important to recognize the pitfalls of this test in the diagnosis and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) myocarditis. We describe the challenging case of an 81-year-old woman with persistently high troponin after undergoing immunotherapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab, and histological evidence of amyloid deposition in the myocardium. The patient received immunosuppressive treatments based on the magnitude of troponin changes because myocarditis was clinically suspected. However, histological examination revealed the deposition of transthyretin amyloid fibrils with only minimal T-lymphocyte infiltration and no myocyte necrosis, suggesting transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis rather than ICI myocarditis. This case highlights the importance of assessing other causes of persistently high troponin, and the necessity of incorporating comprehensive histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the endomyocardial biopsy, especially when cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging is inconclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this review, we propose that the social dynamics of founder populations in novel and newly available environments can have critical effects in shaping species' sociality and can produce long‐lasting changes in social structure and behavior. For founder populations which expand into an underexploited niche separated from the parent population, the necessity of bond formation with strangers, lack of clear territories, and initial abundance of resources can lead to altered initial social dynamics to which subsequent generations adapt. We call this the founder sociality hypothesis. After specifying the theoretical reasoning and mechanism of effect, we focus on three particular cases where the social dynamics of founder populations may have a central role in explaining their modern behavioral ecology. In particular, we develop and review evidence for three predictions of the founder sociality hypothesis in territorial, mixed‐sex group forming species: relatively stronger social bonds in the dispersing sex with relatively weaker bonds in the nondispersing sex, reduced territoriality, and increased social tolerance. We briefly touch on the implications for human evolution given our species' evolutionary history marked by frequent expansion and adaptation to novel environments. We conclude by proposing several experiments and models with testable predictions following from the founder sociality hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]