Search

Considerable research has been dedicated to studying teachers' digital competence, yet limited insights have been gained regarding its impact on online teacher autonomy support. Based on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, this study utilized a multiple regression analysis model to explore how teachers' digital competence affects online teacher autonomy support. Drawing on data from 652 Chinese primary school teachers, the study revealed that teachers' digital competence positively influenced online teacher autonomy support via teachers' cognitive empathy. Teachers' emotional empathy strengthened the direct effect of cognitive empathy on online teacher autonomy support, and its indirect effect on teachers' digital competence on online teacher autonomy support. The findings inform TPACK framework development and practical considerations in online teaching, deepening understanding of the impact of digital competence on online teacher autonomy support.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topicPrevious research has recognized the importance of teachers' digital competence in supporting learners' autonomy and enhancing their online learning experiences.Existing studies have explored different dimensions of teachers' digital competence, including technological proficiency, pedagogical knowledge and content expertise.Studies have also examined the role of empathy in online teaching and learning, emphasizing its importance in fostering positive teacher–student relationships and promoting student engagement and motivation.What this paper addsThis study introduces digital competence as a novel and comprehensive assessment of technology integration in teaching, bridging an existing gap in the literature.This study recognizes the importance of socio‐emotional skills in online teaching by including teachers' empathic traits within the expanded TPACK framework.Teachers' cognitive empathy acts as a mediator and emotional empathy functions as a moderator in the relationship between digital competence and online teacher autonomy support, offering new insights into the underlying mechanisms.Implications for practice and/or policyTeacher educators should find ways to support teachers' digital competence in facilitating learners' autonomy in online learning environments effectively.Teacher educators should incorporate teacher empathy development into teachers' professional development programmes for online teaching, offering tailored interventions to differentiate and enhance both cognitive and emotional empathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep coal‐rock formations are subjected to complex stress environments characterized by high static stresses and dynamic disturbances. To study the damage, fracture, and energy evolution characteristics of coal‐rock under dynamic–static combined loading, a new multiscale constitutive model for coal‐rock under dynamic–static combined loading is proposed based on micromechanics, and it is implemented into the LS‐DYNA solver. A numerical model of coal‐rock Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar under dynamic–static combined loading is established using LS‐DYNA, and research on the mechanical and energy evolution characteristics of coal‐rock under one‐dimensional and three‐dimensional dynamic–static combined loading is conducted. The results show that under one‐dimensional dynamic–static combined loading, with the increase of precompression, the dynamic peak stress linearly decreases while the combined peak stress linearly increases, and the dissipated energy of the specimen shows a decreasing trend. The fracture patterns of the coal‐rock specimen include internal shear fracture and external tensile fracture, and eventually, these two modes of fracture intersect to form macroscopic mesh cracks. As the axial pressure increases, the degree of specimen fragmentation gradually increases. Under three‐dimensional dynamic–static combined loading, with the increase of preconfining pressure, the stress–strain curve of the specimen will transition from “stress drop” to “stress rebound” after the peak. The peak stress increases with the increase of confining pressure, and the energy dissipation density of the specimen increases first and then decreases with the increase of confining pressure. With the increase of confining pressure, the hoop deformation of the specimen plays a constraining role, and the degree of specimen fracture gradually weakens, and the time of fracture occurrence gradually delays. The research results contribute to revealing the mechanical and energy mechanisms of rockburst disasters in deep coal mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐sulfur batteries (Li−S) have possessed gratifying development in the past decade due to their high theoretical energy density. However, the severe polysulfide shuttling provokes undesirable self‐discharge effect, leading to low energy efficiency in Li−S batteries. Herein, an interlayer composed of oxygen‐rich carbon nanosheets (OCN) derived from bagasse is elaborated to suppress the shuttle effect and reduce the resultant self‐discharge effect. The OCN interlayer is able to physically block the shuttling behavior of polysulfides and its oxygen‐rich functional groups can strongly interact with polysulfides via O−S bonds to chemically immobilize mobile polysulfides. The self‐discharge test for seven days further shows that the self‐discahrge rate is diminished by impressive 93 %. As a result, Li−S batteries with the OCN interlayer achieve an ultrahigh discharge specific capacity of 710 mAh g−1 at a high mass loading of 7.18 mg. The work provides a facile method for designing functional interlayers and opens a new avenue for realizing Li−S batteries with high energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Messenger RNA (mRNA) cancer vaccines are a new class of immunotherapies that can activate the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. However, their effectiveness in treating colorectal cancer located on the mucosal surface of the gut is limited due to the insufficient activation of mucosal immune response and inadequate infiltration of cytotoxic T cells into tumors. To address this issue, a new mRNA cancer vaccine is developed that can stimulate mucosal immune responses in the gut by co‐delivering all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA) and mRNA using lipid nanoparticle (LNP). The incorporation of ATRA has not only improved the mRNA transfection efficiency of LNP but also induced high expression of gut‐homing receptors on vaccine‐activated T cells. Additionally, the use of LNP improves the aqueous solubility of ATRA, eliminating the need for toxic solvents to administer ATRA. Upon intramuscular injections, ATRA‐adjuvanted mRNA‐LNP significantly increase the infiltration of antigen‐specific, cytotoxic T cells in the lamina propria of the intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, and orthotopic colorectal tumors, resulting in significantly improved tumor inhibition and prolonged animal survival compared to conventional mRNA‐LNP without ATRA. Overall, this study provides a promising approach for improving the therapeutic efficacy of mRNA cancer vaccines against colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six hybrid steel and PVA fiber cementitious composite (S&PFCC)‐encased concrete‐filled steel tube (CFST) columns were designed and fabricated, and the effects of axial compression ratio, core concrete strength grade and steel tube thickness on the seismic performance of composite columns were studied. The test results show that the increase of core concrete strength can obviously improve the bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of composite column and can restrain the strain growth rate of steel tube after yielding. Low axial compression ratio and thicker steel tube thickness can improve the overall seismic performance of composite columns. Three calculation methods are modified, and the modified An method can predict the lateral bearing capacity of composite column well. Finally, based on the OpenSees finite element software, the seismic performance of the CFST column wrapped in S&PFCC is simulated to verify the test, and the numerical study shows that the seismic performance of the composite column can be optimized by increasing the steel fiber content, while PVA fiber has a weak effect in the elastic stage, and can effectively improve the ductility of the composite column in the plastic stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary In this paper, the difunctionalizative perfluoroalkyloximation of alkenes has been developed for the first time. This photochemical method allows for the synthesis of various perfluoroalkyl ethanone oximes with excellent regioselectivity and good functional group tolerance. Our method employs the most common perfluoroalkyl source, perfluoroalkyl iodides, as Rf reagents. Besides long‐chain perfluoroalkyl groups, this approach could be extended to incorporating additional groups, including trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, sulfonyl, and malonate, selectively into olefins, resulting in a range of β‐substituted ethanone oximes. Notably, the potential of this method in the Fukuyama indole synthesis, generating novel 2‐perfluoroalkylated 3‐(α‐oximidobenzyl)indoles via a radical cascade mechanism with 2‐vinylphenylacryloyl isocyanate as the radical acceptor, presents a compelling avenue for drug synthesis. The protocol is efficient, scalable, and useful for late‐stage modification of bioactive molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaics (PV) are poised to be crucial in limiting global warming by replacing traditional fossil fuel generation. Within the PV community, crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells currently dominate, having made significant efficiency breakthroughs in recent years. These advancements are primarily due to innovations in solar cell technology, particularly in developing passivating contact schemes. As such, this review article comprehensively examines the evolution of high‐efficiency c‐Si solar cells, adopting a historical perspective to investigate the advancements in passivation contact techniques and materials to state‐of‐the‐art cell designs. Additionally, this work deeply studies the recent advances and critical design principles underlying each developed passivation scheme. Eventually, this work identifies existing challenges and proposes insights into future directions for c‐Si solar cells through diverse passivating contact strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review discusses the utilization of metal halide perovskite (MHP) materials in X‐ray direct imaging detectors for medical application. Compared to traditional semiconductors, MHP has multiple advantages including high linear attenuation coefficient, low exciton binding energy, long carrier diffusion length, and high carrier mobility. These ascendancies allow for low‐dose and high‐resolution medical imaging. Apartment from a historical overview of the develop‐X‐ray direct imaging detectors and their performance indicators, this review specifically focuses on the development and innovation of X‐ray direct imaging detectors using MHP materials. The article concludes by identifying existing challenges and discussing the potential application of perovskite X‐ray direct imaging detectors in the medical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic scintillators play a pivotal role in diverse fields like medical imaging, nondestructive detection, homeland security, and high‐energy physics. However, traditional inorganic scintillators encounter challenges such as high fabrication costs and low light yield. Recently, low‐dimensional metal halide scintillators (LDMHS) have witnessed rapid progress, owing to their distinctive crystal structure and superior radioluminescence performance. Herein, an overview of recent advancements and proposed instructive pathways for achieving high‐performance LDMHS is provided. First, the scintillation physical mechanism and emphasis on the essential requirements of scintillators for diverse applications are elucidated. Furthermore, LDMHS are classified according to B‐site cations, and their respective characteristics and recent advancements are introduced. This encompasses the understanding of structure‐property relationships and the routes and rules for optimizing scintillation performance. Finally, the persisting challenges in this burgeoning field and proposed potential research directions for future exploration are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous catalysis is the most widely used process for ethylene polymerization in industry. Active site distribution is one of the crucial issues in the heterogeneous catalysis, which strongly influences the catalytic process and the microstructure of synthesized polyethylene. In this respect, aiming at an explicit understanding of the progress, the challenge and the possible future directions in the study of heterogeneous catalysis of ethylene polymerization, the recent strategies of designing heterogeneous catalysts are reviewed from the perspective of tailoring the active site distribution, where the regulation of chain structures, including molecular weight distribution, branch distribution and entanglement state, are highlighted. The in situ and operando characterizations are also reviewed for assisting the understanding of structural information in heterogeneous catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomically doping in thin film poses a significant challenge due to the potential for dopant precipitation caused by self‐purification effects. This challenge is particularly pronounced in the case of doping monolayers of photoluminescent transition metal dichalcogenides, where high energy barriers are also required to break the in‐plane bonds between the transition metal (TM) and chalcogen atoms. To address this issue, this study introduces hydroxide ions to adsorb onto the surface of WS2 monolayers. This results in a significant reduction in the formation energy of the TM─S bonds, enabling them to substitute for W sites and overcoming the self‐purification effect of WS2 monolayers. The in‐plane doping of TMs including Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni atoms is confirmed through precise atomic‐scale chemical imaging using scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy mapping. Photoluminescence measurements reveal that the band structure of WS2 monolayers can be systematically modulated by different doping metals, owing to their distinct atomic sizes. In addition, the atomically‐doped WS2 monolayers exhibit room‐temperature ferromagnetism, which has never been seen in pristine WS2 monolayers. The modulation of the band structure and the emergence of magnetism in TMs‐doped WS2 monolayers hold significant promise for optoelectronic and magnetoelectric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, catalytic valorization of biomass‐derived furans has received growing interest. 5‐Aminomethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (AMFC), a furan amino acid, holds great promise in the aeras of polymer and pharmaceutical, but its synthesis remains limited. In this work, we report a chemobiocatalytic route toward AMFC by combining laccase‐TEMPO system and recombinant Escherichia coli (named E. coli_TAF) harboring ω‐transaminase (TA), L‐alanine dehydrogenase (L‐AlaDH) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH), starting from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In the cascade, HMF is oxidized into 5‐formyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (FFCA) by laccase‐TEMPO system, and then the resulting intermediate is converted into AMFC by E. coli_TAF via transamination with cheap ammonium formate instead of costly organic amine donors, theoretically generating H2O and CO2 as by‐products. The tandem process was run in a one‐pot twostep manner, affording AMFC with approximately 81 % yield, together with 10 % 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) as by‐product. In addition, the scale‐up production of AMFC was demonstrated, with 0.41 g/L h productivity and 8.6 g/L titer. This work may pave the way for green manufacturing of the furan‐containing amino acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The North Qinling Orogenic Belt (NQB) records the pivotal geological information for understanding the Palaeozoic evolution of the Qinling Orogenic Belt (QOB). Previous studies mainly focused on the subduction–collision process along the Shangdan suture zone before the Early Devonian. However, as the significant interim period between the Early Palaeozoic and Mesozoic orogeny, the Late Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the NQB remains poorly understood. Fortunately, the Carboniferous magmatic rocks discovered this time provide substantial geological evidence for revealing the Late Palaeozoic tectonic history of the Qinling Orogenic Belt. This paper will provide a detailed analysis of zircon U–Pb ages, geochemical characteristics and Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopic compositions of Carboniferous rocks. The Carboniferous magmatic rocks are categorized as highly differentiated S‐type granite and monzodiorite, formed at 350 ± 2.4 Ma and 353 ± 5.2 Ma, respectively. The granite shows weak peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.02–1.11) and shoshonite nature. Based on the isotopic composition and trace element characteristics, we propose that the Qinling Group paragneiss is the primary source of the Carboniferous granite. Monzodiorite is characterized by enriched LREEs and LILEs (Ba, K and Pb), depleted HFSEs (Th, Nb, Ta and Ti) and enriched Sr‐Nd isotopic composition. Monzodiorite magma source region consists of continental crustal material and lithospheric metasomatized mantle. Carboniferous magmatic rocks are the product of an extensional tectonic setting, which indicates the NQB tectonic regimes transition from compression to extension during the Carboniferous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A unified view of whether asthma and periodontitis interact and the direction of action is not found in previous studies. Therefore, in this article, we will elucidate bidirectional causality by two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: We obtained summary‐level data for asthma and periodontitis from the massive GWAS databases of several publicly available. Meanwhile, it will ensure no confounders like smoking using the Phenoscanner website to have a search over each SNP. The F statistic value of each SNP is calculated as more significant than 10. This MR analysis mainly used five MR methods: MR‐Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW), simple mode, and weighted mode. As a result, we performed heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy tests. Results: We have found supporting evidence to verify the hypothesis that asthma may be a protective factor for periodontitis (IVW OR = 0.34; 95% CI = [0.132,0.87]; p = 0.025). The consistent impact direction is shown when additional asthma GWAS dataset are used (MR‐Egger OR = 0.118; 95%CI = [0.016,0.883]; p = 0.04). There is no evidence of a causal effect of periodontitis at the risk of asthma in the reverse analysis (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our analysis found that people with asthma may have a lower risk of periodontitis than those without. This MR analysis could have significant implications for the clinical process and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various electrolyte additives are developed to construct a cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer for high‐voltage LiCoO2 since the cathode suffers severe interfacial degradation when increasing the cut‐off voltage over 4.55 V. However, the CEI derived from the additive sacrificial reaction faces the risk of rupture due to the corrosion reaction and the volumetric variation of the cathode. Herein, a non‐passivating cathode interface is realized for 4.6 V LiCoO2 with a non‐sacrificial electrolyte additive (TBAClO4) by regulating the solvent environment at the interface rather than the preferential decomposition for CEI formation. Owing to the novel protection mechanism, the cell performance shows little dependence on the CEI‐formation process. Therefore, an ultra‐high initial coulombic efficiency (96.63%) and excellent cycling stability (81% capacity retention after 300 cycles) are achieved in Li||LiCoO2 batteries. Moreover, even with the electrolyte containing 1000 ppm H2O, the remarkable water capture ability of the additive together with its interfacial regulation enables the 4.6 V Li||LiCoO2 battery to retain 80% capacity after 200 cycles. This non‐sacrificial strategy provides new insights into high‐voltage electrolyte additive design for high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The valence‐band electronic structure is one of the most basic properties of materials and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) is the most commonly used technique for its measurement. To obtain credible UPS spectra on insulator surfaces, eliminating the charging effects at the surfaces is essential but is very difficult. Here, a reliable measurement for the valence‐band structure of bulk insulators is shown. It has been observed that, during UPS measurements without any charge compensation, the charging on irradiated insulator surfaces reaches its steady state very quickly and the fluctuation of the charging‐induced surface potential is very small. Therefore, the whole UPS spectrum undergoes just a parallel shift and can be calibrated by comparison with the corresponding X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum even though XPS often has a poorer resolution than UPS. From the calibrated valence‐band spectra, it is found that noticeable electronic energy levels (i.e., the “surface states”) exist in the bandgap, and based on the density of states (DOS) calculations, the surface states are attributed to the truncation of the bulk periodic structure at the surfaces. This work is anticipated to provide a way to obtain the valence band structure and the surface states of bulk insulators which play crucial roles in many physical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alveolar bone injury under diabetic conditions can severely impede many oral disease treatments. Rebuilding diabetic alveolar bone in clinics is currently challenging due to persistent infection and inflammatory response. Here, an antibacterial DNA‐based hydrogel named Agantigel is developed by integrating silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) antibody into DNA hydrogel to promote diabetic alveolar bone regeneration. Agantigel can effectively inhibit bacterial growth through AgNCs while exhibiting negligible cytotoxicity in vitro. The sustained release of TNF‐α antibody from Agantigel effectively blocks TNF‐α and promotes M2 polarization of macrophages, ultimately accelerating diabetic alveolar bone regeneration in vivo. After 21 days of treatment, Agantigel significantly accelerates the defect healing rate of diabetic alveolar bone up to 82.58 ± 8.58% and improves trabecular architectures compared to free TNF‐α (42.52 ± 15.85%). The results imply that DNA hydrogels are potential bio‐scaffolds helping the sustained release of multidrug for treating DABI or other oral diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a rare case of multiple cutaneous verruciform xanthoma (VX), a benign papillary growth typically found as a solitary lesion in the oral cavity or genitals. The case involves a 72-year-old woman with multiple lesions of varying morphologies over different sites of her body. The histology reports from the different sites were all consistent with VX. The article provides information on the clinical presentation, histopathology, pathogenesis, treatment options, and the uniqueness of this particular case. [Extracted from the article]

Apicomplexans, such as Plasmodium and Toxoplasma are obligate intracellular parasites that invade, replicate and finally EXIT their host cell. During replication within a parasitophorous vacuole (PV), the parasites establish an extensive F‐actin‐containing network that connects individual parasites and is required for material exchange, recycling and the final steps of daughter cell assembly. After multiple rounds of replication, the parasites exit the host cell involving multiple signalling cascades, disassembly of the network, secretion of microneme proteins and activation of the acto‐myosin motor. Blocking the host cell EXIT process leads to the formation of large PVs, making the screening for genes involved in exiting the cell relatively straightforward. Given that apicomplexans are highly diverse from other eukaryotes, approximately 30% of all genes are annotated as hypothetical, some apicomplexan‐specific factors are likely to be critical during EXIT. This motivated several labs to design and perform forward genetic and phenotypic screens using various approaches, such as random insertion mutagenesis, temperature‐sensitive mutants and, more recently, CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated targeted editing and conditional mutagenesis. Here we will provide an overview of the technological developments over recent years and the most successful stories that led to the identification of new critical factors in Toxoplasma gondii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the possibility of flexible textile composites as space deployable devices, carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric and thermoplastic polyurethane were compounded by hot‐pressing. The section shape of the carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric flexible textile composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy. After hot‐pressing at 120°C for 45 min, the thermoplastic polyurethane is best combined with carbon fiber bundle, and fully melted to form a protective layer, which also ensured the deformability of carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric/thermoplastic polyurethane flexible textile composites. The tensile strains of flexible textile composites in the directions of 0°, 15° and 30° were analyzed by digital image correlation. The analysis was carried out from the macroscopic scale, the single cell scale, and the fiber bundle scale, combined with the strain distribution of digital image correlation in the tensile process. From the axial and radial deformation of the bundle and the force analysis of single cell, the phenomena such as strain change, trellising phenomenon, and fabric deformation during tensile were explained. When carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric is added to glass‐fiber composite, the electromagnetic reflection efficiency can be increased by 9%. The research on strain and electromagnetic reflection provided the possibility for the flexible textile composites as a space deployment device. Highlights: Through the use of SEM and hot‐pressing, carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric/TPU flexible textile composites with high coverage were produced.The differences in strain distribution and deformation process throughout the CTFC tensile process at 0°, 15°, and 30° are investigated by DIC and stress analysis.Carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric (TWF) can reflect electromagnetic radiation. TWF can increase the efficacy of reflection in composites. Space deployment is a possible application of TWF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed turbidite–contourite depositional systems result from interactions between down‐slope turbidity currents and along‐slope bottom currents, comprising excellent records of past oceanographic currents. Modern and ancient systems have been widely documented along the continental margins of the Atlantic Ocean. Yet, few examples have so far been identified on the North‐west African continental margin, limiting understanding of the sedimentary and palaeoceanographic evolution in this area. This work uses two‐dimensional seismic reflection profiles to report, for the first time, the presence of three giant sediment mounds beneath the headwall region of the Sahara Slide Complex. The sediment mounds are elongated and separated by two broad canyons, showing a north‐west/south‐east orientation that is roughly perpendicular to the continental margin. These mounds are 24 to 37 km long and 12 to 17 km wide, reaching a maximum height of ca 1000 m. Numerous slide scarps are observed within and along the flanks of the mounds, hinting at the occurrence of submarine landslides during their development. Based on their geometries, external shapes, internal seismic architecture and stratigraphic stacking patterns, it is proposed that these sediment mounds comprise down‐slope elongated mounded drifts formed in a mixed turbidite–contourite system during four evolutionary stages: onset, growth, maintenance and burial. The significance of this work is that it demonstrates the gradual transition from a turbidite system to a full mixed turbidite–contourite system to be associated, in the study area, with the establishment of strong ocean currents along north‐west Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Related Articles Drawing on a review of 112 Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) applications to China published during 2006–2022, this article finds that, consistent with ACF assumptions, policy processes in China are complex processes of top‐down decision making, horizontal negotiation, networked influence, and bottom‐up initiation. The review finds policy processes in many subsystems of China inconsistent with one implicit assumption of the framework: the difficulty of reconciling conflicting beliefs between warring coalitions. Compared with the results from a review of the English ACF applications to countries around the globe, policy‐oriented learning and imposition by a hierarchically superior jurisdiction were identified more frequently as pathways to policy change in reviewed applications to China. The Xi Jinping administration encourages between‐coalition learning and negotiation to pursue the ideal of building a well‐off and equitable society. At the same time, his top‐level reforms have changed the long‐time status quo in some subsystems by national policy reforms.Nam, Aerang, and Christopher M. Weible. 2023. “Examining Experts' Discourse in South Korea's Nuclear Power Policy Making: An Advocacy Coalition Framework Approach to Policy Knowledge.” Politics & Policy 51(2): 201–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12522.Nwalie, Martin Ike. 2019. “Advocacy Coalition Framework and Policy Changes in a Third‐World Country.” Politics & Policy 47(3): 545–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12302.von Malmborg, Fredrik. 2023. “Combining the Advocacy Coalition Framework and Argumentative Discourse Analysis: The Case of the ‘Energy Efficiency First’ Principle in EU Energy and Climate Policy.” Politics & Policy 51(2): 222–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12525. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let (X,d,μ)$(\mathcal {X}, d, \mu)$ be an RD‐space, namely, a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss with the Borel measure μ satisfying the reverse doubling condition on X$\mathcal {X}$. Based on this space, the authors define a multilinear strongly singular Calderón–Zygmund operator whose kernel does not need any size condition and has more singularities near the diagonal than that of a standard multilinear Calderón–Zygmund operator. For such an operator, we establish its boundedness on product of weighted Lebesgue spaces by means of the pointwise estimate for the sharp maximal function. In addition, the endpoint estimates of the type L∞(X)×⋯×L∞(X)→BMO(X)$L^{\infty }(\mathcal {X})\times \cdots \times L^{\infty }(\mathcal {X}) \rightarrow BMO(\mathcal {X})$ are also obtained. Moreover, we prove weighted boundedness results for multilinear commutators generated by multilinear strongly singular Calderón–Zygmund operators and BMO functions. These results contribute to the extension of multilinear strongly singular Calderón–Zygmund operator theory in the Euclidean case to the context of space of homogeneous type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Tetraspanins (TETs) are small transmembrane scaffold proteins that distribute proteins into highly organized microdomains, consisting of adaptors and signaling proteins, which play important roles in various biological events. In plants, understanding of tetraspanin is limited to the Arabidopsis TET genes' expression pattern and their function in leaf and root growth. Here, we comprehensively analyzed all rice tetraspanin (OsTET) family members, including their gene expression pattern, protein topology, and subcellular localization. We found that the core domain of OsTETs is conserved and shares a similar topology of four membrane‐spanning domains with animal and plant TETs. OsTET genes are partially overlapping expressed in diverse tissue domains in vegetative and reproductive organs. OsTET proteins preferentially targeted the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutation analysis showed that OsTET5, OsTET6, OsTET9, and OsTET10 regulated plant height and tillering, and that OsTET13 controlled root growth in association with the jasmonic acid pathway. In summary, our work provides systematic new insights into the function of OsTETs in rice growth and development, and the data provides valuable resources for future research. Significance Statement: This work provides systemic insights into the function of all tetraspanin members in rice growth and development. Our data reveals the roles of some tetraspanins in controlling rice architecture by regulating plant height and tiller number, and in controlling root growth associated with the jasmonic acid pathway, which may lay the foundations for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanohybrid photosystems have advantages in converting solar energy into electricity, while natural photosystems based solar‐powered energy‐storage device is still under developed. Here, we fabricate a new kind of photo‐rechargeable zinc‐ion hybrid capacitor (ZHC) benefiting from light‐harvesting carbon dots (CDs) and natural thylakoids for realizing solar energy harvesting and storage simultaneously. Under solar light irradiation, the embedded CDs in thylakoids (CDs/Thy) can convert the less absorbed green light into highly absorbed red light for thylakoids, besides, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CDs and Thy also occurs, which facilitates the photoelectrons generation during thylakoids photosynthesis, thereby resulting in 6‐fold photocurrent output in CDs/Thy hybrid photosystem, compared to pristine thylakoids. Using CDs/Thy as the photocathode in ZHCs, the photonic hybrid capacitor shows photoelectric conversion and storage features. CDs can improve the photo‐charging voltage response of ZHCs to ≈1.2 V with a remarkable capacitance enhancement of 144 % under solar light. This study provides a promising strategy for designing plant‐based photonic and electric device for solar energy harvesting and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanohybrid photosystems have advantages in converting solar energy into electricity, while natural photosystems based solar‐powered energy‐storage device is still under developed. Here, we fabricate a new kind of photo‐rechargeable zinc‐ion hybrid capacitor (ZHC) benefiting from light‐harvesting carbon dots (CDs) and natural thylakoids for realizing solar energy harvesting and storage simultaneously. Under solar light irradiation, the embedded CDs in thylakoids (CDs/Thy) can convert the less absorbed green light into highly absorbed red light for thylakoids, besides, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CDs and Thy also occurs, which facilitates the photoelectrons generation during thylakoids photosynthesis, thereby resulting in 6‐fold photocurrent output in CDs/Thy hybrid photosystem, compared to pristine thylakoids. Using CDs/Thy as the photocathode in ZHCs, the photonic hybrid capacitor shows photoelectric conversion and storage features. CDs can improve the photo‐charging voltage response of ZHCs to ≈1.2 V with a remarkable capacitance enhancement of 144 % under solar light. This study provides a promising strategy for designing plant‐based photonic and electric device for solar energy harvesting and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Data of this retrospective cohort study were obtained from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) 2020. The participants were divided into different groups according to different IPI (<6, 6–11, 12–17, 18–23, 24–59 (reference), 60–119, ≥120 months). Multivariate logistic models were constructed to evaluate the association between IPI and GDM. Subgroup analysis was further performed. Results: A total of 1 515 263 women were included, with 123 951 (8.18%) having GDM. Compared with the 24–59 months group, the <6 months (odds ratio [OR] 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46–0.90, P = 0.009), 12–17 months (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.98, P < 0.001), and 18–23 months (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.93–0.96, P < 0.001) groups had a significantly lower risk of GDM, while the 60–119 months (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.11–1.15, P < 0.001) and ≥120 months (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.15–1.21, P < 0.001) groups had a significantly higher risk of GDM. No significant difference was observed in the risk of GDM between the 6–11 and 24–59 months groups (P = 0.542). The PI–GDM association varied across different groups of age, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, pre‐pregnancy smoking status, history of cesarean section, history of preterm birth, prior terminations, and parity. Conclusion: An IPI of 18–23 months may be a better interval than 24–59 months in managing the risk of GDM. Synopsis: A period of 18–23 months may be a better interpregnancy interval than 24–59 months in managing the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The grating projection‐based three‐dimensional (3D) measurement technique has been widely used in various fields, such as industrial inspection, cultural relic protection, and reverse engineering. However, due to the nonlinear response between the input and output of the measurement system, phase measurement errors occur, which reduces the accuracy of 3D reconstruction, which is known as the gamma effect. To address this issue, a novel method has been proposed to reduce the nonlinear response of the system. Ultimately, this method reduces the impact of the gamma value on the phase accuracy in subsequent measurements. Experimental results have shown that this method can quickly calibrate the correct precoding gamma value, effectively reduce the gamma nonlinear response during the measurement process, and improve measurement accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative programming helps improve students' computational thinking and increases their confidence in solving programming problems. However, the effect of collaborative learning is not ideal because it is difficult for students to mobilize metacognition to regulate learning spontaneously. To guide students to effectively regulate the learning process when they collaborate to solve programming problems, this study develops a collaborative learning approach and a Collaborative programming System (MR‐CPS) based on metacognitive regulation to support students' collaborative programming learning. A quasi‐experimental study was conducted in a junior high school programming course in Taiwan to assess the effects on students. The impacts of MR‐CPS from both individual and collaborative perspectives were investigated. Students' learning achievement and computational thinking tendencies were examined from an individual perspective. From a collaborative perspective, group self‐efficacy and group metacognition were investigated. Participants were divided into MR‐CPS (n = 115) and No‐MR‐CPS (n = 107). The MR‐CPS group used the collaborative programming approach with metacognitive regulation mechanisms as the experimental group. In contrast, the No‐MR‐CPS group used the collaborative programming approach without metacognitive regulation mechanisms as the control group. The results show that the MR‐CPS group statistically significantly outperformed the No‐MR‐CPS group in learning achievements. It was also found that the MR‐CPS group had statistically significantly better computational thinking tendency, collective efficacy and metacognitive planning and evaluation skills than the No‐MR‐CPS group. This finding suggests that the MR‐CPS has the potential to improve students' learning achievements, computational thinking tendency, group metacognition and collective efficacy. The study results have implications for the design of collaborative programming systems consistent with metacognitive regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widespread failures of replication and generalization are, ironically, a scientific triumph, in that they confirm the fundamental metascientific theory that underlies our field. Generalizable and replicable findings require testing large numbers of subjects from a wide range of demographics with a large, randomly‐sampled stimulus set, and using a variety of experimental parameters. Because few studies accomplish any of this, meta‐scientists predict that findings will frequently fail to replicate or generalize. We argue that to be more robust and replicable, developmental psychology needs to find a mechanism for collecting data at a greater scale and from more diverse populations. Luckily, this mechanism already exists as follows: Citizen science, in which large numbers of uncompensated volunteers provide data. While best‐known for its contributions to astronomy and ecology, citizen science has also produced major findings in neuroscience and psychology, and increasingly in developmental psychology. We provide examples, address practical challenges, discuss limitations, and compare to other methods of obtaining large datasets. Ultimately, we argue that the range of studies where it makes sense *not* to use citizen science is steadily dwindling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic wound management remains a challenge due to the epithelial barrier loss, drug‐resistant bacterial infections, inflammatory storm, and compromised angiogenesis. Herein, a boron‐based probe driven theranostic hydrogel dressing for visual monitoring and matching chronic wounds healing is developed to encourage chronic wound healing. The boron‐based (BT) probe is synthesized through the dynamic interaction between borax (B) and tannic acid (TA) and serves as a cross‐linker for constructing the guar gum/polyvinyl alcohol/BT (GPBT) hydrogels. Notably, the GPBT hydrogels offer visual monitoring through color change and remote diagnosis via smartphone. Meanwhile, they exhibit the ability to match the different healing stages of chronic wounds. During the early alkaline stage, the controlled release of TA accelerates healing by polarizing M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages and promoting angiogenesis. As the wound progresses into the acidic healing phase, the hydrogels undergo programmed disassembly to facilitate tissue regeneration. Remarkably, the hydrogel dressing demonstrates potent antibacterial activity by disrupting bacterial membrane potential. Furthermore, it has good self‐healing, self‐adaptive, and adhesion properties. This multifunctional theranostic hydrogel dressing, featuring visual monitoring and matching chronic wound healing, lays the foundation for the development of personalized and precise theranostic platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As new information carriers, antiferromagnetic magnons have great potential in the fields of spintronics and quantum information. However, the strong exchange interaction between sublattice spins in conventional antiferromagnets results in their frequencies up to the terahertz (THz) range, hindering further exploration of related applications and physics. Recently, emerging van der Waals A‐type antiferromagnets with the weak exchange interaction may bring about a change. In this study, it demonstrates two distinct tunable ultrastrong magnon–magnon couplings in the gigahertz (GHz) band using this type of antiferromagnet, CrPS4, with a maximum normalized coupling strength (η) of 0.31. It establishes orthorhombic and monoclinic models for theoretical analyses, unambiguously showing that the ultrastrong coupling strength is caused by unique magnetocrystalline anisotropy rather than exchange enhancement. Furthermore, for the first time, it observes a continuous switching process of sublattice magnon chirality arising from the orthorhombic nature of anisotropy. These findings not only deepen the understanding of antiferromagnetic spin dynamics but also offer a powerful platform for building magnonic quantum systems and chirality‐based spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder associated with uncontrolled body movements, cognitive decline, and reduced circulating melatonin levels. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and exogenous melatonin treatment is neuroprotective in experimental HD models. In neurons, melatonin is exclusively synthesized in the mitochondrial matrix. Thus, we investigated the integrity of melatonin biosynthesis pathways in pineal and extrapineal brain areas in human HD brain samples, in the R6/2 mouse model of HD and in full‐length mutant huntingtin knock‐in cells. Aralkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (AANAT) is the rate‐limiting step enzyme in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway. We found that AANAT expression is significantly decreased in the pineal gland and the striatum of HD patients compared to normal controls. In the R6/2 mouse forebrain, AANAT protein expression was decreased in synaptosomal, but not nonsynaptosomal, mitochondria and was associated with decreased synaptosomal melatonin levels compared to wild type mice. We also demonstrate sequestration of AANAT in mutant‐huntingtin protein aggregates likely resulting in decreased AANAT bioavailability. Paradoxically, AANAT mRNA expression is increased in tissues where AANAT protein expression is decreased, suggesting a potential feedback loop that is, ultimately unsuccessful. In conclusion, we demonstrate that pineal, extrapineal, and synaptosomal melatonin levels are compromised in the brains of HD patients and R6/2 mice due, at least in part, to protein aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Transition metal‐catalyzed carbonylation reactions represent a direct and atom‐economical approach to synthesize carbonyl compounds or their derivatives by using CO as a cheap and readily available C1 feedstock. While carbonylation of C(sp2)‐hybridized electrophiles (e.g., aryl halides) is well developed, carbonylation of less reactive unactivated alkyl electrophiles remains challenging. Recently, the use of earth‐abundant base metals including Cu, Co, Mn, Fe, Ni as catalysts has enabled advances in carbonylative coupling of alkyl electrophiles for approaching diverse carbonyl compounds or their derivatives, notably, some of which are of synthetic importance but difficult to be synthesized through previous reported methods. Herein, we have summarized and discussed these recent achievements in base‐metal‐catalyzed carbonylative C—C, C—N, C—O, C—X coupling and other carbonylation reactions of unactivated alkyl electrophiles using CO as C1 source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative photoconductance (NPC) detectors have attracted continuous attention for constructing advanced and novel optoelectronic devices, including reconfigurable image sensors and optosynaptic systems, especially by combining NPC with positive photoconductance (PPC). However, NPC devices suffer from much lower photosensitivity, slower response speed, and poor stability, especially in the infrared range. In this work, controllable NPC detectors based on organic-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (OG-CNT FETs) are reported and the strong influence of light-induced electrostatic doping on the nonconventional photoresponse is demonstrated. The PM6/Y6-based heterojunction allows efficient near-infrared light absorption and facilitates exciton diffusion. By introducing a floating gate structure with an ultrathin dielectric layer, the OG-CNT FET shows an enhanced NPC effect owing to in situ signal amplification. Compared to other device configurations, the optimal OG-CNT FETs exhibit high responsivity of 72.6 A W-1 at 880 nm, along with improved response/recovery times of 7 and 5 ms. Impressively, gate-tunable switching between NPC and PPC is observed under the same light illumination. The reversible switching can be attributed to the competition between the light-controlled electrostatic coupling and the PM6/Y6 photovoltaic effect, which offers a new approach to achieve bidirectional photoresponses and paves the way for the development of future multifunctional optoelectronic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doped CaZnOS materials show great potential for mechanoluminescence (ML) applications spanning the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-vis-NIR) range. However, conflicting reports regarding the generation and reproducibility of ML hinder the understanding and practical utilization of these materials. To address this issue, a comprehensive characterization strategy combining NIR laser-assisted de-trapping, UV irradiation-induced trap-filling, in situ mechanical stimulation, and continuous ML recording is proposed. Herein, the ML behaviors of four representative doped CaZnOS materials (Mn2+, Bi3+, Er3+, and Ce3+) are investigated using this approach. The results reveal that de-trapped materials exhibit non-trap-controlled ML, wherein ML intensity gradually weakens under successive mechanical stimuli without self-recovery. In contrast, trap-filled materials demonstrate both trap-controlled ML and non-trap-controlled ML, with the former predominantly contributing to the overall ML intensity. Notably, trap-controlled ML shows only partial recovery after trap filling. The non-trap-controlled ML is attributed to plastic ML and destructive ML phenomena, while explaining trap-controlled ML through the carrier de-trapping model. These results not only clarify conflicting reports but also provide clear insights into the ML properties and mechanisms of CaZnOS-based materials, facilitating advancements in practical applications. Furthermore, the developed characterization strategy is expected to serve as a valuable reference for establishing standardized protocols to evaluate ML performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: When it is suspected that the treatment effect may only be strong for certain subpopulations, identifying the baseline covariate profiles of subgroups who benefit from such a treatment is of key importance. In this paper, we propose an approach for subgroup analysis by firstly introducing Bernoulli‐gated hierarchical mixtures of experts (BHME), a binary‐tree structured model to explore heterogeneity of the underlying distribution. We show identifiability of the BHME model and develop an EM‐based maximum likelihood method for optimization. The algorithm automatically determines a partition structure with optimal prediction but possibly suboptimal in identifying treatment effect heterogeneity. We then suggest a testing‐based postscreening step to further capture effect heterogeneity. Simulation results show that our approach outperforms competing methods on discovery of differential treatment effects and other related metrics. We finally apply the proposed approach to a real dataset from the Tennessee's Student/Teacher Achievement Ratio project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium ion batteries using graphite anode and high‐voltage cathodes are considered to be optimizing candidates for large‐scale energy storage. However, the lack of suitable electrolytes significantly hinders the development of high‐voltage potassium ion batteries. Herein, a dilute (0.8 m) fluorinated phosphate electrolyte is proposed, which exhibits extraordinary compatibility with both graphite anode and high‐voltage cathodes. The phosphate solvent, tris(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFP), has weak solvating ability, which not only allows the formation of robust anion‐derived solid electrolyte interphase on graphite anode but also effectively suppresses the corrosion of Al current collector at high voltage. Meanwhile, the high oxidative stability of fluorinated TFP solvent enables stable ultrahigh‐voltage (4.95 V) cycling of a potassium vanadium fluorophosphate (KVPO4F) cathode. Using TFP‐based electrolyte, the 4.9 V‐class potassium ion full cell based on graphite anode and KVPO4F cathode shows rather remarkable cycling performance with a high capacity retention of 87.2% after 200 cycles. This study provides a route to develop dilute electrolytes for high‐voltage potassium ion batteries, by utilizing solvents with both weak solvating ability and high oxidative stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AISI 321 steels used as intake valves in turbines are frequently subjected to creep‐fatigue (C‐F) exposure during service. Improving C‐F resistance and assessing remnant creep/tensile properties are therefore required for their safe service. In this work, the self‐healing coating consisting of Al2O3‐13TiO2 layer, TiC layer, and NiCrAlY layer was prepared for 321 steel. The effects of such self‐healing coating on the C‐F and remnant creep/tensile properties were studied. The results showed that the initial hardening phenomena of the studied steel during C‐F exposure was mainly attributed to the dislocation strengthening and a certain level of carbides precipitation strengthening, while the subsequent softening behaviors were resulted from dynamic recovery and coarsening of carbides. Moreover, as compared to other coatings, the self‐healing coating is able to improve the mechanical properties of steels due to dislocation strengthening, precipitation strengthening, and the self‐healing behavior resulting from the reaction between the TiC layer and oxygen. Highlights: The self‐healing coating was successfully prepared for AISI 321 steel.The effects of prior C‐F exposure on the remnant creep and tensile properties were revealed.Self‐healing coating could improve the C‐F life and mechanical properties of AISI 321 steel.The improved C‐F life is due to oxidation of the TiC layer in the self‐healing coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secukinumab is effective in treating patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. However, most studies assessing its effectiveness in routine clinical settings in China are mostly single‐center studies with a limited sample size. The objective of this study was to assess secukinumab's efficacy, treatment patterns, and characteristics in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. This 24‐week, multicenter (n = 5) retrospective study analyzed the data of Chinese adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis who initiated secukinumab treatment between May 2019 and March 2020. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), body surface area (BSA), Investigator's Global Assessment Modified 2011 (IGA mod 2011), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were assessed. Dermatologists documented the treatment dosage and modification reasons. Of the 244 secukinumab‐naïve patients, most were men (73.4%, 179/244) and weighed 60–90 kg (72.8%, 177/243). The mean (SD) age at secukinumab initiation was 38.1 (11.6) years, and the disease duration was 13.5 (7.9) years. Most patients (97.1%, 237/244) received secukinumab 300 mg. At weeks 4, 12, 16, and 24, the proportion of patients achieving PASI 75 (≥75% reduction from baseline) was 40.0%, 92.1%, 88.4%, and 88.9%, respectively; PASI 90 was 15.0%, 73.7%, 81.4%, and 68.3%, respectively; and PASI 100 was 8.7%, 40.8%, 58.1%, and 41.3%, respectively. During the same periods, BSA and IGA mod 2011 showed similar improvement trends. An increasing proportion of patients achieved DLQI of 0–1 (21.6%, 65.7%, 75.0%, and 80.3%, respectively). Treatment modification was highest at week 12. The average interval between two administrations after week 4 was 62.95 days. Secukinumab was highly effective in improving the PASI, IGA, BSA, and DLQI in Chinese patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis throughout the first 24 weeks. The treatment pattern for Chinese patients differs from that in the clinical guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of spike recognizing the receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) initiates membrane fusion between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and cell membrane. Although the structure of the RBD_ACE2 complex has been well studied, its functional mechanism in membrane fusion is still not fully understood. Here, using an in vitro cell–vesicle content‐mixing assay, it is found that the cleavage at the S2' site by thrombin (Thr) protease strongly accelerates membrane fusion, compared to that of cleavage at the S1/S2 site by PreScission (3C) protease. Moreover, mutations at the RBD_ACE2 interface resulted in a positive correlation between binding affinity and fusion probability. In both the cell–vesicle and cell–cell fusion assays, by crosslinking two membranes via the neutravidin (NTV)_biotin interaction or complementary DNA strands, it is found that spike drives membrane fusion in the absence of ACE2, and a suitable distance between two membranes is critical for spike‐mediated membrane fusion. Finally, unsuitable membrane crosslinkers significantly inhibited the fusion probability in the presence of ACE2. Taken together, the results suggest that the RBD_ACE2 complex may act as a crosslinker to bridge the viral and cell membranes at a suitable distance, which is critical, but also substitutable for spike‐mediated SARS‐CoV‐2 entry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subaqueous eruptions alter the chemical conditions of the lake by intensifying the interaction between hot volcanic rocks and water, resulting in the exchange of alkalis. The lower part of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, NW China, has abundant rhyolitic welded tuff and related pyroclastic deposits, which were deposited under ancient alkaline lacustrine deposits of the Fengcheng Formation. Despite this, the effect of the eruption process on the formation of the alkali lake remains unclear. To gain a better understanding of the eruptive behaviour and emplacement processes, detailed drilling core descriptions, microscopic observations, and interpretations of textural characteristics of rhyolitic welded tuff units and adjacent volcano‐sedimentary associations have been conducted. The rhyolitic welded tuff can be categorized into seven lithofacies units based on the degree of welding, devitrification characteristics, pore development, and filling characteristics. The age of eruption was determined through zircon U–Pb dating of the rhyolitic welded tuff, revealing it to be approximately 300 Ma, thereby providing constraints on the deposition time of alkaline lacustrine deposits. Mudstones that encase the welded tuff unit and quenched structures such as perlitic fractures, quench cracks of spherulite and lithophysae, and chalcedony spherules indicate that the welded tuff unit was formed through subaqueous eruption. Alkali fractionation (sodium and potassium) occurs in the spherulite and lithophysae zone and at the top condensation boundary, demonstrating that the subaqueous eruption process significantly enhanced devitrification and hydration, causing sodium to escape from the welded tuff and released into the lake water as sodium ions. The rhyolitic welded tuff provides evidence of the evolution of a subaqueous felsic eruption where the water‐rock reaction played a fundamental role in alkalizing the lake by providing the lake with sodium ions in Mahu Sag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperative control of high‐speed trains can improve the safety and efficiency of high‐speed railway transportation. However, the velocity and distance overshoots in the cooperative control of multiple high‐speed trains is an undesirable behavior, which will lead to unsafe and inefficient train operation. To address this issue, a cooperative predictive set point modulation control approach for high‐speed trains is proposed. First, the cyber‐physical modeling of multiple high‐speed trains is presented. The longitudinal dynamic characteristics of high‐speed trains are established in the physical layer, and the cyber layer represents the communication topology of high‐speed trains based on graph theory. Second, a cooperative control rule is designed to achieve the velocity consensus and maintain safe distance between adjacent trains. Moreover, the set point automatic adjustment with correction enable (SPAACE) is leveraged to smoothly adjust the set‐point of high‐speed trains to suppress the overshoots of train velocities and inter‐train distance. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is verified in three different simulation scenarios: normal, acceleration and deceleration conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed method reduces the maximum relative displacement by 62% and the velocity error by 34%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Socially shared regulation is a vital factor that affects students' collaborative programming performance. However, students' weak group metacognitive skills or inability to adopt shared regulation mechanisms lead to unsatisfactory collaborative programming learning. Objectives: This study proposes an approach to support socially shared regulation in collaborative programming learning in order to enhance students' programming achievements and group metacognition. Methods: A quasi‐experimental study was conducted in a junior high school over a 10‐week period to investigate the impact of the proposed approach on programming achievements, group metacognition, and cognitive load. Forty eighth‐grade students participated in the study, with the experimental group learning via the proposed approach, while the control group used the conventional collaborative programming learning approach. Results and Conclusions: The analysis included data from 38 participants. The experimental results showed that the programming achievements and group metacognition of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group. Additionally, the proposed approach did not increase the cognitive load of the students. Implications: This study has important implications for teachers, learners, and researchers in collaborative programming and social regulation. Our proposed collaborative programming learning approach enhances learners' social regulation and performance, providing teachers with an effective tool for improving collaborative programming learning. This study also extends the field of socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL), demonstrating its potential to improve the effectiveness of collaborative programming learning and highlighting the need for future research to explore the mechanisms of SSRL in this context. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic?: Programming learning is difficult for most learners.Collaborative programming is an effective method of programming learning.Students' weak group metacognitive skills or inability to adopt shared regulation mechanisms lead to unsatisfactory collaborative programming learning. What this paper adds?: This study proposes a method to enhance collaborative programming learning by supporting socially shared regulation among students.The study utilized a quasi‐experimental to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in improving students' programming learning performance.The shared regulation approach was found to significantly improve students' programming achievements and group metacognition when compared to conventional collaborative programming approaches.Importantly, the shared regulation approach did not increase the cognitive load of the students, indicating its potential for practical implementation in programming education. The implications of study findings for practitioners: This study has shown that an approach that supports social shared regulation can improve student performance in collaborative programming learning, and that teachers can use this approach to help students learn programming better collaboratively.This study also contributes to the field of social shared regulated learning by demonstrating how it can support collaborative programming and improve its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Relapse remained the major obstacle to improving the prognosis of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study aimed to investigate the changing patterns of Ig/TCR gene rearrangements between diagnosis and relapse and the clinical relevance and to explore the mechanism of leukemic relapse. Methods: Clonal Ig/TCR gene rearrangements were screened by multiplex PCR amplification in 85 paired diagnostic and relapse bone marrow (BM) samples from children with ALL. The new rearrangements presented at relapse were quantitatively assessed by the RQ‐PCR approach targeting the patient‐specific junctional region sequence in 19 diagnostic samples. The relapse clones were further back‐traced to diagnostic and follow‐up BM samples from 12 patients. Results: Comparison of Ig/TCR gene rearrangements between diagnosis and relapse showed that 40 (57.1%) B‐ALL and 5 (33.3%) T‐ALL patients exhibited a change from diagnosis to relapse, and 25 (35.7%) B‐ALL patients acquired new rearrangements at relapse. The new relapse rearrangements were present in 15 of the 19 (78.9%) diagnostic samples as shown by RQ‐PCR, with a median level of 5.26 × 10−2. The levels of minor rearrangements correlated with B immunophenotype, WBC counts, age at diagnosis, and recurrence time. Furthermore, back‐tracing rearrangements in 12 patients identified three patterns of relapse clone dynamics, which suggested the recurrence mechanisms not only through clonal selection of pre‐existing subclones but also through an ongoing clonal evolution during remission and relapse. Conclusion: Backtracking Ig/TCR gene rearrangements in relapse clones of pediatric ALL revealed complex patterns of clonal selection and evolution for leukemic relapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid‐state lithium metal batteries have emerged as a promising technology for electric vehicles due to their high specific energy and safety potential. Obtaining intimate contact between Li and electrolyte during cell fabrication, however, remains challenging. Adequate fabrication pressure is required to promote close contact, but this pressure can cause Li deformation and penetration into the electrolyte, resulting in poor battery performance. Here, a strategy for addressing this problem is presented by incorporating 3 at% Mg into Li. Unlike pure Li which obeys the Voce hardening law and allows unconstrained deformation, Li─Mg alloy follows the Swift hardening law and strengthens with strain under compression stress. Because of the constrained deformation of Li─Mg, intimate contact with solid electrolytes is possible even at high fabrication pressure (50–65 MPa), resulting in high critical current densities. These findings underscore the importance of understanding Li metal deformation properties to improve solid‐state battery performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Pickering emulsions stabilised by nanoparticles are recognised as enzyme carriers, enabling advanced catalysis efficiency. Herein, we immobilised lipase on acetylated arachin nanoparticles/chitosan composites (AAPs/CS) through cross linking with glutaraldehyde (GDA) resulting in the formation of AAPs/CS‐Lipase to stabilise water in oil (W/O) Pickering emulsion catalytic systems (PEC). The specific activity of AAPs/CS‐Lipase was increased to 160% compared with free lipase (1.48 ± 0.02 U mg−1). Increasing the mass of CS led to an increase in the droplet size of W/O PEC from 2.53 ± 0.82 μm to 7.94 ± 1.24 μm. AAPs/CS‐Lipase decreased the interfacial tension and enhanced the interfacial viscosity of W/O PEC. The catalytic efficiency of W/O PEC is 2.75 times of biphasic catalytic system (BCS). The content of DAG exceeded 50% of the total oil. The specific activity of AAPs/CS‐Lipase remained above 70% even after 10 cycles. W/O PEC provided an efficient catalytic platform to prepare DAG‐rich soybean oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toddlerhood is a critical period for children's self‐regulation development during which parenting is undoubtedly a key influencing factor. The role that parents especially fathers play in shaping the emergence of self‐regulation is still under investigation. This longitudinal study was carried out in 38 families in China, in which toddlers and both parents participated in two waves of observations during home visits, one performed when the toddlers were around 14 months old and another one 12 months later. Children's self‐regulation was measured by behaviour control and Stroop tasks. Parental positive and negative discipline was coded by videotaped parent–child interactions. Results indicated that the mothers showed more positive discipline than the fathers at child 14 months, and there were no significant differences in positive and negative discipline between the fathers and mothers at child 26 months, neither in their negative discipline at child 14 months. Only the fathers' positive and negative discipline at child 14 months both significantly predicted toddlers' behaviour control at 26 months—over and above maternal discipline. This study reveals fathers' unique and irreplaceable contributions to children's early self‐regulation development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of mass spectrometry for chiral recognition and quantification has attracted great interest owing to its speed, sensitivity, specificity, and tolerance. However, searching for chiral selectors in chiral analyses using mass spectrometry is still problematic. In this study, chiral drugs could be applied as references for the chiral recognition and enantiomeric quantification of valsartan and voriconazole. Two novel pairs of metal‐bound diastereomeric complex ions were detected by mass spectrometry, namely, nickel (II)‐bound dimeric ions [NiII (2R,5S‐emtricitabine) (S‐valsartan)‐H]+ and [NiII (2R,5S‐emtricitabine) (R‐valsartan)‐H]+ and copper (II)‐bound dimeric ions [CuII (S,S,S‐enalaprilat) (2S,3R‐voriconazole)‐H]+ and [CuII (S,S,S‐enalaprilat) (2R,3S‐voriconazole)‐H]+. The resulting diastereomers were successfully identified based on the relative intensities of their characteristic fragments using tandem mass spectrometry. The logarithm of the characteristic fragment ion abundance ratio exhibited a good linear relationship with the enantiomeric excess. Density functional theory calculations were also performed to elucidate the mechanism of the structural differences observed in the MS results. This established approach proves that chiral drugs can serve as ligands for the rapid recognition and quantitative analysis of other chiral drugs without a chiral chromatographic column or complex sample pretreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]