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The construction of large and complex supramolecular architectures through self‐assembly is at the forefront of contemporary coordination chemistry. Notwithstanding great success in various systems using anionic bridges (e.g., O2− or S2−) or organic ligands (e.g., pyridine or carboxylate ligands), the assembly of large cyanide‐bridged clusters with increasing nuclearity remains a formidable synthetic challenge. In this study, it is achieved in preparing two heterometallic cyanometallate clusters with unprecedented complexity, [Fe20Co20] (1) and [Fe12Co15] (2), by creating the "flexibility" through a versatile ligand of bis((1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)methylene)hydrazine (H2L) and low‐coordinate cobalt. Complex 1 features a super‐square array of four cyanide‐bridged [Fe4Co4] cube subunits as the corners that are interconnected by four additional [FeCo] units, resulting in a torus‐shaped architecture. Complex 2 contains a lantern‐like core‐shell cluster with a triple‐helix kernel of [Co3L3] enveloped by a [Fe12Co12] shell. The combined structure analysis and mass spectrometry study reveal a hierarchical assembly mechanism, which sheds new light on constructing cyanometallate nanoclusters with atomic precision. Moreover, complex 1 undergoes a thermally induced electron‐transfer‐coupled spin transition (ETCST) between the diamagnetic {FeIILS(µ‐CN)CoIIILS} and paramagnetic {FeIIILS(µ‐CN)CoIIHS} configurations (LS = low spin, HS = high spin) above room temperature, representing the largest molecule displaying electron transfer and spin transition characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ainsliaea is an Eastern Asian genus with approximately 50 species, and is characterized by two main habit types or leaf arrangements: rosulate with leaves aggregated at the stem base or pseudo‐verticillate with leaves clustered above the stem base. Most species of Ainsliaea have been classified into two sections, A. sect. Ainsliaea and sect. Aggregatae, respectively, based on their habit type. However, recent molecular phylogenetic studies have challenged existing infrageneric classifications for Ainsliaea, and the systematic value of habit needs to be re‐evaluated because the habits of some key species were described differently, leading to taxonomic controversies on infrageneric classifications and species delimitations. To address these issues, this study reconstructed a more comprehensive phylogeny of Ainsliaea with two more samples of the highly variable A. lancifolia and a new sampling of A. nana. Habit variations in Ainsliaea were observed both in the field and in herbarium collections, and habit evolution was reconsidered based on the updated phylogeny. The phylogenetic analysis highly supports that A. uniflora and A. lancifolia form the first‐ and the second‐earliest diverging lineages in Ainsliaea, respectively; A. nana, recently rediscovered by us after more than 60 years, constitutes a distinct lineage sister to a large clade with all leaves aggregated above the stem base; and A. pertyoides forms another large clade with the rosulate‐leaf species. The latter three species have distinct habits: A. lancifolia with leaves sparsely alternate along the stem but often reduced to a basal rosette in rheophytic environments, A. nana with leaves aggregated at and also above the same stem base, and A. pertyoides with rosulate leaves when young. Thus, two new sections, A. sect. Alternae sect. nov. and A. sect. Intermediae sect. nov., are proposed to accommodate A. lancifolia and A. nana, respectively, and A. pertyoides is reasonably kept in A. sect. Ainsliaea. The results of this study provide insights into the evolution of habits in Ainsliaea and suggest that the traditional classification based solely on habit may not accurately mirror the evolutionary history of the genus. The newly proposed A. sect. Alternae and sect. Intermediae reflect a more natural classification of Ainsliaea and provide a framework for future studies on the evolution and ecology of the genus. Combining evidence from phylogeny and morphology, a conspectus of the genus and taxonomic updates for A. lancifolia, A. nana and A. pertyoides are provided. Overall, this study highlights the importance of combining molecular and morphological data to accurately classify and understand the evolutionary history of plant groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is closely associated with cognitive decline, the precise neurobiological mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully elucidated. Connectome studies have identified a primary‐to‐transmodal gradient in functional brain networks that support the spectrum from sensation to cognition. However, whether connectome gradient structure is altered as WMH progresses and how this alteration is associated with WMH‐related cognitive decline remain unknown. Methods: A total of 758 WMH individuals completed cognitive assessment and resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI). The functional connectome gradient was reconstructed based on rs‐fMRI by using a gradient decomposition framework. Interrelations among the spatial distribution of WMH, functional gradient measures, and specific cognitive domains were explored. Results: As the WMH volume increased, the executive function (r = −0.135, p = 0.001) and information‐processing speed (r = −0.224, p = 0.001) became poorer, the gradient range (r = −0.099, p = 0.006), and variance (r = −0.121, p < 0.001) of the primary‐to‐transmodal gradient reduced. A narrower gradient range (r = 0.131, p = 0.001) and a smaller gradient variance (r = 0.136, p = 0.001) corresponded to a poorer executive function. In particular, the relationship between the frontal/occipital WMH and executive function was partly mediated by gradient range/variance of the primary‐to‐transmodal gradient. Conclusions: These findings indicated that WMH volume, the primary‐to‐transmodal gradient, and cognition were interrelated. The detrimental effect of the frontal/occipital WMH on executive function was partly mediated by the decreased differentiation of the connectivity pattern between the primary and transmodal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the development of ultra‐thin azo‐dye polarizers, notable for their minimal thickness (100‐200 nm) and superior optical performance, with polarization efficiency exceeding 99.9%, extinction ratios above 4000, transmittance over 45.3%, and dichoric ratio over 100. Utilizing cost‐effective solution‐processing methods, we fabricate these high‐performance polarizers and determine optimal experimental conditions for peak efficacy. Our research includes comprehensive Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses to understand the microstructural properties of these azo‐dye thin film polarizers, contributing significantly to the field of advanced display technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the multifaceted nature of digital phenomena, theorising has shifted from the correlational view toward the configurational approach, which embraces equifinality and seeks to identify conjunctural causal conditions culminating in a given outcome. Despite growing scholarly interest in the configurational approach, little is known about how moderation functions in conjunctural causation. Although there is a growing urgency for elucidating the boundary conditions of conjunctural causation to bolster the precision of theoretical explanations, a systematic approach to theorising, identifying, and interpreting moderation in configurational theories is missing. To bridge this knowledge gap, we first establish the theoretical grounding for moderation in the configurational approach. We then articulate the theoretical mechanism underlying how the interdependence of causal factors in a causal recipe is altered by the presence of a moderator. We also offer guidance on how to validate and interpret moderation in the configurational approach based on Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). We conduct an illustrative study in the context of technostress to showcase the utility of our proposed guidelines and their value in aiding theory development. Our study hence contributes to extant literature by attesting to the significance of moderation in the configurational approach and offering recommendations for theorising such moderations. Insights from this study can be harnessed to guide future theory development by identifying and validating moderated configurational relationships, which in turn can further enhance our understanding of nuances in multifaceted digital phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the characterization and performance evaluation of photo‐aligned azo‐dye thin‐film polarizers, highlighting their ultra‐thin profiles and superior optical functionalities. Utilizing cost‐effective solution‐processing methods, these high‐efficiency polarizers were developed, with the research pinpointing optimal experimental conditions for peak performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an aggressive and devastating cancer due to its metastasis induced by increased invasion. Lentinan is a polysaccharide exerting antitumor roles in multiple cancers, including lung cancer. However, the influence of lentinan on cell invasion in NSCLC remains unclear. Cell invasion was detected by transwell analysis. Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) levels were measured through immunofluorescence staining. The markers arginase‐1 (Arg‐1), CD206 and interleukin (IL)‐10 (IL‐10) of M2 macrophages, Wnt3a, and β‐catenin levels were measured by western blot or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Lentinan did not affect cell viability and proliferation in NSCLC cells. Lentinan suppressed cell invasion and reduced the expression and secretion of MMP9. Lentinan attenuated also M2 polarization of tumor‐associated macrophages. Moreover, lentinan mitigated the M2 macrophage conditioned medium‐mediated cell invasion and MMP9 alterations in NSCLC cells. Lentinan inhibited the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in NSCLC cells. The activated Wnt/β‐catenin pathway reversed the suppressive effects of lentinan on cell invasion and MMP9 level in NSCLC cells. In conclusion, lentinan reduces cell invasion in NSCLC cells by inhibiting the M2 polarization of tumor‐associated macrophages and the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is considered to be the only means to preserve fertility for prepubertal girls and women whose cancer treatment cannot be postponed. However, ovarian tissues are inevitably damaged by oxidative stress during cryopreservation, which threatens follicle survival and development, and thus affects female fertility. Therefore, reducing tissue oxidative stress injury is one of the major challenges to achieving efficient cryopreservation of ovarian tissues, especially for whole ovaries. Here, we proposed a new method to improve the antioxidant capacity of whole ovaries during cryopreservation, static magnetic field assisted thawing. The results demonstrated that the antioxidant capacity of the ovarian tissue was significantly improved by static magnetic field treatment. In addition, ovarian tissue allograft transplantation was carried out, which successfully achieved vascular regeneration and maintained follicular development. The findings of this study not only provide a new reference for the preservation of female fertility, but also is a major step forward in the cryopreservation of tissues and organs. It will have good application prospects in the field of assisted reproduction and cryo‐biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional chemically cross‐linked polymer materials may cause severe environmental pollution and economic losses due to the difficulty of recycling. Vitrimers containing reversible dynamic covalent bonds are processable, recyclable, and self‐healing. In this article, a bio‐based epoxy resin curing agent is synthesized by hydrolysis using cellulose as raw material. The results show that the epoxy vitrimers with the best ratio have a lower topological transition temperature and a fast relaxation time at 140 °C. After soaking in solvent for 90 days, the gel content of the material is greater than 81%. The glass transition temperature of the sample measured by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC) is 83 °C. It also has a high initial decomposition temperature (350 °C) with good flexibility and solvent resistance, showing its good performance as a coating paint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Poor mechanical and water barrier properties of starch‐based films severely restrict their applications as packaging materials. In this study, glycerol was combined with various small molecular esters (SMEs) with different molecular structures to plasticize high‐content starch/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (80/20, w/w) films (SPFs) prepared by extrusion blowing. The effects of co‐plasticization on the physicochemical properties and film‐forming mechanism of SPFs were investigated. RESULTS: The addition of glycerides to SPFs reduced intermolecular interaction, increased molecular chain mobility, and decreased glass transition, melting temperatures, and crystallinity. Mechanical and water barrier properties of SPFs were improved significantly with the co‐plasticization of glycerol and SMEs. The incorporation of triacetate glyceride increased tensile strength of SPFs by 54% and the water contact angle by up to 95°. The SPF with diacetate glyceride exhibited the minimum water vapor permeability, which decreased by 39%. CONCLUSION: The levels of hydrophilic/hydrophobic groups in SMEs and their molecular weights were essential for the plasticizing effects. Glycerides tended to infiltrate into starch for effective plasticization compared with citrates. The combination of glycerol and glycerides had better plasticizing effects on starch. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The engineering of intermolecular interaction is challenging but critical for magnetically switchable molecules. Here, we prepared two cyanide‐bridged [Fe4Co4] cube complexes via the alkynyl‐ and alcohol‐functionalized trispyrazoyl capping ligands. The alkynyl‐functionalized complex 1 exhibited a thermally‐induced incomplete metal‐to‐metal electron transfer (MMET) behaviour at around 220 K, while the mixed alkynyl/alcohol‐functionalized cube of 2 showed a complete and abrupt MMET behaviour at 232 K. Remarkably, both compounds showed a long‐lived photo‐induced metastable state up to 200 K. The crystallographic study demonstrated that the incomplete transition of 1 was likely due to the possible elastic frustration originating from the competition between the anion‐propagated elastic interactions and inter‐cluster alkynyl‐alkynyl & CH‐alkynyl interactions, whereas the latter are eliminated in 2 as a result of the partial substitution by the alcohol‐functionalized ligand. Additionally, the introduction of chemically distinguishable cobalt centers within the cube unit of 2 did not lead to a two‐step but a one‐step transition, possibly because of the strong ferroelastic intramolecular interaction through the cyanide bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work demonstrates a high‐performance in‐cell polarizer adopting photo‐aligned azobenzene dyes. On the strength of the multilayered design, a simple fabrication process has been developed to assemble an in‐cell polarizer. We have achieved a broadband dichroic ratio after the long‐term stability test. Meanwhile, the cell with the proposed in‐cell polarizer can be driven regularly without a voltage boost, which renders excellent practicability in liquid crystal display technologies. The structure, fabrication process, and properties of the in‐cell polarizer in TN‐LCD are thoroughly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuing prosperity of LiDAR markets, the demand of a fast‐scanning, high‐precision and inexpensive LiDAR system is growing rapidly. In this paper, we disclose a fast‐switchable ferroelectric liquid crystal Dammann grating and polarization grating‐based holographic projection and detection system for 3D imaging devices and LiDAR with an extended field of view. The field of view of the proposed system can achieve ~80° with <0.5cm precision at a significantly lower cost. This improvement increases LiDAR versatility and performance in various scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An in‐cell broadband circular polarizer using liquid crystal polymer (LCP) is proposed in this paper. Specifically, a polarizer with photoalignment technology is combined on the top of it. An enhancement of the ambient contrast ratio (ACR) is achieved, which shows potential in the application of light‐emitting display (LED). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on developing a solution‐based ultra‐thin polarizer for liquid crystal displays, utilizing dichroic azo dye AD1 as the key material. The produced AD1 polarizer exhibits excellent optical performance with a dichroic ratio of over 95. The film thickness is less than 200nm. Furthermore, a TN LCD with an incell polarizer is demonstrated. This technology shows excellent prospects for developing high‐performance, coatable polarizers with scalability and lower‐cost manufacturing potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal priming of reef corals can enhance their heat tolerance; however, the legacy effects of heat stress during parental brooding on larval resilience remain understudied. This study investigated whether preconditioning adult coral Pocillopora damicornis to high temperatures (29°C and 32°C) could better prepare their larvae for heat stress. Results showed that heat‐acclimated adults brooded larvae with reduced symbiont density and shifted thermal performance curves. Reciprocal transplant experiments demonstrated higher bleaching resistance and better photosynthetic and autotrophic performance in heat‐exposed larvae from acclimated adults compared to unacclimated adults. RNA‐seq revealed strong cellular stress responses in larvae from heat‐acclimated adults that could have been effective in rescuing host cells from stress, as evidenced by the widespread upregulation of genes involved in cell cycle and mitosis. For symbionts, a molecular coordination between light harvesting, photoprotection and carbon fixation was detected in larvae from heat‐acclimated adults, which may help optimize photosynthetic activity and yield under high temperature. Furthermore, heat acclimation led to opposing regulations of symbiont catabolic and anabolic pathways and favoured nutrient translocation to the host and thus a functional symbiosis. Notwithstanding, the improved heat tolerance was paralleled by reduced light‐enhanced dark respiration, indicating metabolic depression for energy saving. Our findings suggest that adult heat acclimation can rapidly shift thermal tolerance of brooded coral larvae and provide integrated physiological and molecular evidence for this adaptive plasticity, which could increase climate resilience. However, the metabolic depression may be maladaptive for long‐term organismal performance, highlighting the importance of curbing carbon emissions to better protect corals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The opioid crisis remains a major public health concern in the United States. Naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdoses. This study examined Medicaid expansion on naloxone prescriptions in retail pharmacies in metropolitan (metro) and nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) areas (2011‐2017). Methods: We used population average models to evaluate the association of Medicaid expansion at the state level on the number of naloxone prescriptions dispensed and the percentage paid by Medicaid, including adjustment for opioid‐related and state‐level policy covariates. Difference‐in‐difference modeling was performed as a sensitivity analysis. Findings: States that expanded Medicaid had higher unadjusted naloxone dispensing rates and Medicaid‐paid percentage of naloxone in metro and nonmetro areas. Medicaid expansion was not associated with the number of naloxone dispensed in either metro (adjusted rate ratio (ARR) = 1.26, 95% CI: [0.80, 1.97]) or nonmetro (ARR = 0.67, 95% CI: [0.37, 1.19]) areas after covariate adjustment. In metro areas, Medicaid expansion was associated with a significant increase of 3.86 percentage points (95% CI: [0.09, 7.63]) in the Medicaid‐paid percentage of naloxone dispensing compared to nonexpansion states, but this association was not significant in nonmetro areas. There was also a significant time by Medicaid expansion interaction on the Medicaid‐paid percentage of naloxone dispensed (metro: estimate = 0.74, 95% CI: [0.36, 1.12]; nonmetro: estimate = 0.68, 95% CI: [0.17, 1.18]). Conclusions: Medicaid expansion increased naloxone access by increasing the Medicaid‐paid percentage of naloxone prescriptions in metro areas. States with Medicaid expansion had a faster rate of increase in the Medicaid‐paid percentage of naloxone than states without Medicaid expansion in nonmetro areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rich functionalities have been identified for domain walls (DWs, naturally occurring interfaces in ferroics), e.g., enhanced conductance and photovoltaic effect, which specify the interest in their internal structure. The dimension/width and type are of particular interest, which is the carrier of their functionality. Recent attention has been focused on head‐to‐head or tail‐to‐tail charged DWs with greatly enhanced conductivity compared to the inner domains, which are found to be an order of magnitude thicker (tens of unit cells) than normal neutral DWs. In this study, ultrathin non‐Ising charged DWs are found, where polarization switched their direction within 2–3 unit cells in self‐assembled BiFeO3 nanocrystals. An analytical model and finite element method simulation are used to interpret the origin of this phenomenon, i.e., electrostatic constraints linked to DW configurations in a ferroelectric. This study indicates that as an intrinsic property, the width of the ferroic DWs varies with different electrostatic constraints and must be taken into consideration during its applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fast (Relaxation ~25μs and response ~50μs at 55°C) high‐contrast continuous 2π phase modulation without fringe field effect (FFE) based upon Kerr effect of vertical aligned deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (VADHFLC) is proposed. Specifically, FFE is a long‐term inevitable barrier for nematic liquid crystal (NLC). Surprisingly, it is the 1st‐time found that no FFE exists for VADHFLC under 1μm pitch, which is an arresting feature for ultra‐high‐resolution applications. Moreover, the Kerr constant is 88nm/V2 and the contrast ratio is > 1000:1. It is a promising candidate for AR/VR, wavelength selective switch (WSS), hologram, ultra‐high‐PPI display, adaptive optics and LiDAR applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airborne total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter (PM2.5) threaten global health and their potential impact on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are extensively studied. Recent studies attest premature deaths, low birth weight, and congenital anomalies in the fetus of pregnant women exposed to air pollution. In this regard, only few studies have explored the effects of TSP and PM2.5 on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular development. As both TSP and PM2.5 differ in size and composition, this study is attempted to assess the variability in toxicity effects between TSP and PM2.5 on the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems and the underlying mechanisms in a zebrafish model. To explore the potential toxic effects of TSP and PM2.5, zebrafish embryos/larvae were exposed to 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/ml of TSP and PM2.5 from 24 to 120 hpf (hours post-fertilization). Both TSP and PM2.5 exposure increased the rate of mortality, malformations, and oxidative stress, whereas locomotor behavior, heart rate, blood flow velocity, development of cardiovasculature and neurovasculature, and dopaminergic neurons were reduced. The expression of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), Wnt signaling, and central nervous system (CNS) development were altered in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This study provides evidence for acute exposure to TSP and PM2.5-induced cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental toxicity, attributed to enhanced oxidative stress and aberrant gene expression. Comparatively, the effects of PM2.5 were more pronounced than TSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrathin (<200nm) azo dye polarizing film with a high dichroic ratio (over 150) is developed by photo‐alignment methods. Polarizing film prepared by solution‐based process (post‐ photoalignment) and evaporation (in‐situ photo‐alignment) with a family of azo dye materials with slightly different molecular structures is explored. We study the photostability of these azo‐dye films against polarized light. Methods and factors of getting high dichroic ratio and high photostability polarizing films are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An approach to developing a thin‐film polarizer with high polarization efficiency in liquid crystal cells is presented. The in‐cell polarizer facilitates the realization of novel color‐conversion liquid crystal displays, where advanced quantum color‐converters are used as photoluminescent color filter arrays. We experimentally demonstrated using azo‐dye‐based embedded polarizers for color‐conversion liquid crystal displays for the first time. We systematically designed the device structure and fabrication process. The display is color parallax free and can be driven at regular conditions with good contrast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of polysubstituted pyrroles were rapidly synthesized in moderate to good yields via catalyst‐free one‐pot three‐component reaction of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with primary amines and nitrostyrenes by using liquid‐assisted grinding. This protocol provides several advantages over the conventional chemical synthesis, such as simple work‐up procedure, wide substrate scope, short reaction time, and environmental friendliness. Structures of polysubstituted pyrroles were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI‐MS studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mineralization of hydroxyapatite mineralized by acidic metal oxides has attracted substantial research interest in the research and development of orthopedic substitutes. In this study, Polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers with nano‐tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) were successfully fabricated through electrospinning. The scaffold simulates the mineralization process of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid. However, in the process of mineralization, there is a chemical reaction between hydrophobic scaffolds and acid oxides, which is believed to have a significant impact on the biological effects of the scaffolds. The results of SEM, EDS, XRD, Mapping, FTIR, GPC, 13CNMR, and 1HNMR explain the principle of hydroxyapatite mineralization by Ta2O5 and the reason why the composite scaffold is blurred, that is, the carbonyl carbon of PCL attacked by the surface hydroxyl groups of Ta2O5 to catalyze its ring‐opening polymerization to synthesize PCL/Ta2O5 nanocomposites in one step. In order to accurately explore the effect of this reaction on the metabolism of biological macromolecules in the future, we provide a detailed route of Ag Nanoparticles ‐Dimercaptosuccinic acid@Transcription activator (AgNPs‐DMSA@TAT) probe synthesis. The results provide a reference for the sedimentation of hydroxyapatite induced by acid oxides and its effect on traditional electrospun fiber scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we disclose a fast (ON time ~50μs and OFF time‐25μs at 55°C), high‐contrast, continuous phase modulator without fringe field effect (FFE). The phase modulator using the Kerr effect of vertical aligned deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (VADHFLC). Specifically, FFE is a long‐term problem for nematic liquid crystal (NLC). In this article, we are disclosing, for the 1st‐time found, that no FFE exists for VADHFLC, even for phase modulator with 1μm pixel pitch, which is an attractive feature for ultra‐high‐resolution display and photonic applications. Moreover, the Kerr constant is 88 nm/V2, and the contrast ratio is larger than 1000:1. It is a promising candidate for high‐PPI AR/VR displays, wavelength selective switch (WSS), hologram, adaptive optics, and LiDARs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to analyze the potential association between cognition reserve (CR) components, including education, working activity, and leisure time activity, and cognitive function in subjects with white matter hyperintensities (WMH). The study also explored the role of the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) in such association. Methods: White matter hyperintensities subjects with and without cognitive impairment (CI) were evaluated with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging, neuropsychological testing, and CR survey. FPCN patterns were assessed with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seed‐based functional connectivity analysis. Results: Education was positively associated with cognitive function in WMH subjects with or without CI, whereas working activity and leisure time activity were positively associated with cognitive function only in those without CI. Similarly, education was associated with bilateral FPCN in both WMH groups, whereas working activity and leisure time activity were associated with bilateral FPCN mainly in the group without CI. Furthermore, FPCN partially mediated the association between education and cognitive function in both WMH groups. Conclusion: Education showed a positive impact on cognitive function in WMH subjects regardless of their cognitive status, whereas working activity and leisure time activity exhibited beneficial effects only in those without CI. The FPCN mediated the beneficial effect of education on cognitive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we disclose a fast (ON time ∼50 μs and OFF time ∼25 μs at 55 °C), high‐contrast, continuous phase modulator without fringe field effect (FFE). The phase modulator uses the Kerr effect of vertically aligned deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystals (VADHFLCs). Specifically, FFE is a long‐term problem for nematic liquid crystals (NLCs). In this article, we are disclosing, for the first‐time found, that no FFE exists for VADHFLCs, even for phase modulator with 1‐μm pixel pitch. It is an attractive feature for ultra‐high‐resolution display and photonic applications. Moreover, the Kerr constant is 88 nm/V2, and the contrast ratio is larger than 1000:1. It is a promising candidate for high‐PPI augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) displays, wavelength selective switch (WSS), hologram, adaptive optics, and LiDARs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ponerorchis wolongensis, a new orchid species from the Hengduan Mountains, western Sichuan, China, is described and illustrated here based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Morphologically, the new species is similar to P. capitata, but they can easily be differentiated by the number of leaves and flowers, the shape of leaves, and the mid‐lobe of the labellum. Phylogenetically, based on seven DNA sequences, the new species is more close to P. sichuanica, but these two species are very different in both growth habit and morphological characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cisplatin has been reported to promote the expression of programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) in some cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism through which PD‐L1 is transcriptionally regulated by cisplatin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), p‐Akt, p‐ERK, and PD‐L1 was increased in cisplatin‐treated SNU‐368 and SNU‐739 cells. HGF stimulation also increased PD‐L1 expression in these cells. Moreover, Inhibition of HGF/c‐MET, PI3K/Akt, and MEK/ERK signaling pathways can dramatically block cisplatin or HGF‐induced PD‐L1 expression in SNU‐368 and SNU‐739 cells. In vivo, combination PHA665752 with cisplatin significantly reduced tumor weight with increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumor. Taken together, our study suggested that HGF/c‐Met axis‐induced the activation of PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways contributes to cisplatin‐mediated PD‐L1 expression. These findings may provide an alternative avenue for the treatment of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We aimed to determine whether preprocedural renal function affects the outcome of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and whether this effect is modified by the onset‐to‐reperfusion time (OTR) and mediated by collateral status. Methods: Eligible patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) who underwent MT between August 2018 and August 2020 were reviewed. The main outcome was good functional outcome [defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0–2] at 3 months. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between renal function and good functional outcome. A moderation analysis and the Johnson‐Neyman technique were performed to assess the interaction between renal function and OTR to predict the outcome of AIS patients with MT. Results: Among 100 enrolled patients, 36 (36%) exhibited good functional outcome. A decreased preprocedural estimated glomerular filtration rate (pre‐eGFR) was significantly associated with worse functional outcome [adjusted OR, 1.059 (1.012–1.108); p, 0.014], and this effect was partly mediated by collateral circulation. An interaction between OTR and pre‐eGFR on functional outcome was observed (P for interaction, 0.22), and pre‐eGFR only had a significant effect on functional outcome when OTR exceeded 455.8 min. Moreover, the adverse effect of OTR on functional outcome became no longer significant when the pre‐eGFR was higher than 89.0 mL/min/1.73 mL/min/1.73 m². Conclusions: Renal function was related to functional outcome at 3 months, and this relationship could be modified by OTR. The results suggested that reducing OTR and improving collateral circulation may mitigate the adverse effect of reduced kidney function on functional outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here an excellent trimodality imaging‐guided synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is proposed. To this end, a mixed‐metal Cu/Zn‐metal‐organic framework (MOF) is first assembled at room temperature on a nano‐scale. Interestingly, heating the MOF results in a Cu+/2+‐coexisting hollow porous structure. Subsequent heating treatment is used to integrate Mn2+ and MnO2 in the presence of manganese(II) acetylacetonate. The hollow composite achieves efficient loading of a photosensitizer, indocyanine green (ICG). Under laser irradiation, the aggregated ICG achieves photothermal imaging and PTT. Once released in the tumor site, ICG exhibits fluorescence imaging and PDT capacity. Cu+/Mn2+ ions perform Fenton‐like reaction with H2O2 to produce cytotoxic •OH for the enhanced CDT. Cu2+/MnO2 scavenge glutathione to improve the reactive oxygen species‐based therapy, while the formed Mn2+ ions enable "turn on" magnetic resonance imaging. Significantly, O2 is produced from the catalytic decomposition of endogenous H2O2 to improve ICG‐mediated PDT. Moreover, photothermal‐induced local hyperthermia accelerates •OH generation to enhance CDT. This synergistic drug‐free antitumor strategy realizes high treatment efficacy and low side effects on normal tissues. Thus, this mixed‐metal MOF is an efficient strategy to realize hollow structures for multi‐function integration to improve therapeutic capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover image is based on the Special Section Paper I Microsecond high-contrast continuous 2.25 phase modulation based on non-linear Kerr effect of vertically aligned deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal i by Zheng-Nan Yuan et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.1123. [Extracted from the article]