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Despite the excellent thermometric performance of many developed luminescent nanomaterials, their use has not gone beyond proof‐of‐concept in vivo experiments to date. An important issue that needs to be resolved before moving toward true biomedical applications of engineered nanothermometers is their potential toxicity and bioaccumulation in the human body considering the ultimate objective of clinical applications. Since most reported nanothermometers currently are not degradable materials and are mainly based on the incorporation of heavy metal ions, these aspects remain of genuine concern in the fields of nanomedicine, nanobiotechnology, nanotoxicology, and nanopharmacology. This work explores the possibility of designing visible, as well as near‐infrared, emitting luminescent ratiometric nanothermometers based on appropriate organic dye mixtures embedded in hollow disulfide‐bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) particles. Such hybrid particles show excellent thermometric performance in the physiological temperature range (20–50 °C), favorable degradability in simulated physiological conditions, as well as no toxicity to healthy normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells in a wide concentration range. Considering the simplicity of the approach from the synthetic point of view, and the large available library of known fluorescent dyes emitting in various regions of the electromagnetic range, this motif renders a very promising approach to designing novel non‐toxic, decomposable, luminescent ratiometric thermometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic dyes hold promise as inexpensive electrochemically‐active building blocks for new renewable energy technologies such as redox‐flow batteries and dye‐sensitised solar cells, especially if they display high oxidation and/or low reduction potentials in cheap, non‐flammable solvents such as water or protic ionic liquids. Systematic computational and experimental characterisation of a representative selection of acidic and basic dyes in buffered aqueous solutions and propylammonium formate confirm that quinoid‐type mechanisms impart electrochemical reversibility for the majority of systems investigated, including quinones, fused tricyclic heteroaromatics, indigo carmine and some aromatic nitrogenous species. Conversely, systems that generate longlived radical intermediates – arylmethanes, hydroquinones at high pH, azocyclic systems – tend to display irreversible electrochemistry, likely undergoing ring‐opening, dimerisation and/or disproportionation reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental remediation evinces sensitive detection and elimination of contaminants from the environment. Recent investigations delineate nanomaterials as potentially useful agents in environment remediation. In this investigation, we have developed multifunctional CdO‐ZnO nanocomposite (NCs) for efficient degradation of organic dyes and sensitive detection of nitrite ions which also exhibits excellent luminescence and antioxidant properties. The CdO‐ZnO NCs were developed through a facile method which improved the yield quantity by decreasing the energy consumption there by reducing the cost. Thus synthesized CdO‐ZnO NCs were characterized through X‐ray diffraction, FT‐IR, SEM, TEM, EDX studies. These studies confirmed the successful formation of CdO‐ZnO composite and the average particle size of the NCs was found to be ~50 nm. Selective reduction of harmful industrial organic dyes from the water bodies is one of the important aspects of water pollution. As prepared CdO‐ZnO NCs degraded the MB dye completely in 30 min under visible light irradiation. The effect of various parameters such as catalytic load, dye concentration and pH on the degradation of dye was assessed and the NCs exhibited maximum degradation efficiency at 25 mg of catalytic load and alkaline pH of 11. The photoluminescence studies reveal that the NCs have inherent excellent luminescence property by exhibiting the emission band at 277 and 282 nm. From electrochemical studies, the CdO‐ZnO NCs proclaimed magnificent nitrite sensing property with the LOD value of 9.8 μM. Additionally, antioxidant studies disclosed that NCs remarkably scavenged the DPPH free radicals with IC50 value of 249 μg/mL. Thus, this study establishes simple method for the development of efficient mixed oxide material CdO‐ZnO for multifunctional properties that could find industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium‐doped zinc oxide (Ce‐ZnO) nanocones with cerium concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 % were synthesized using a sol‐gel method. Their effectiveness as photocatalysts for degrading dyes such as Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene Orange (MO), and Methylene Violet (MV) was evaluated. The optical and structural properties, particle size distribution, and morphology of these nanocones were examined using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectrophotometry. XRD results confirmed that the nanocones were highly crystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite structure, and a noticeable blue shift was observed in the Ce‐doped ZnO nanocones compared to pure ZnO. The photocatalytic performance under UV exposure showed that cerium doping significantly improved the degradation of RhB, MO, and MV. Notably, ZnO nanocones doped with 1 % cerium exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 100 % degradation of RhB within 60 minutes. Additionally, 1 % Ce‐ZnO nanocones demonstrated degradation efficiencies of 86.3 % for MO and 74.9 % for MV within the same time frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The versatile application of metal‐based nanoparticles has led to a recent rise in interest in the low‐cost and eco‐friendly green chemistry‐based development of metal oxide nanoparticles. This work focuses on the photocatalytic and antibacterial uses of the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) that were produced based on a green approach employing stem extract of Piper chaba. The formation of ZnONPs was preliminary validated by the appearance of an absorption band at 373 nm and a stretching band due to ZnO at 480 cm−1 in UV–Vis and FTIR spectrum, respectively. The crystalline nature of ZnONPs with a hexagonal wurtzite phase and an average crystallite size of 25 nm was validated by XRD analysis. ZnONPs' crystalline nature was further supported by TEM, which further showed that they were mostly cubic in form and had an average length of 30 nm. Synthesized ZnONPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus and lucrative photocatalytic activity with the rate constant value of 0.0273 min−1 towards the degradation of methylene blue under sunlight exposure. Therefore, a facile, affordable, and ecologically sustainable method like this might be used for the large‐scale synthesis of ZnONPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MIL‐53(Fe)‐GO composite photocatalysts were successfully fabricated via a simple solid‐phase synthesis strategy, and they were applied as efficient visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts for the oxidation of organic dyes and the reduction of Cr(VI). The experimental results demonstrated that MIL‐53(Fe)‐GO composites exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activities compared with the pure MIL‐53(Fe) sample. Based on the photoelectrochemical analyses, the loading of GO could enhance visible‐light absorption and accelerate the separation and transfer of charge carries, leading to the improvement of photocatalytic performance. Moreover, more intimate interfacial contact and active sites in the system could be achieved via a simple solid‐phase synthesis strategy. They could also play important role in the enhancement of photocatalytic performance. Besides, a possible photocatalytic mechanism was also investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural uniqueness of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has brought great potential for their applications in photocatalysis. Two novel azo‐linked COFs AZO‐B‐COF and AZO‐T‐COF were successfully constructed by the monomer exchange method. Significantly, two as‐synthesized azo COFs presented a much higher photodegradation rate of 96 % and 51 % for AZO‐T‐COF and AZO‐B‐COF, respectively, which was in sharp contrast to the almost 0 degradation rate of imine COFs. And as expected, AZO‐T‐COF could be cycled at least 5 runs without a significant decrease in catalytic efficiency. Systematical experiments and theoretical calculations showed that comparing with imine COFs, conjugated structure of azo COFs broadened the visible‐light absorption range and improved the transfer efficiency of the photocarriers. The N‐rich azo bonds acted as an electron acceptor and made the materials better planarity. This work not only enriches COFs family but also demonstrated the superiority of azo‐linked COFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic dyes that absorb light in the visible to near‐infrared region have garnered significant interest, owing to their extensive utility in organic photovoltaics and various biomedical applications. Aza‐boron‐dipyrromethene (Aza‐BODIPY) dyes are a class of chromophores with impressive photophysical properties such as tunable absorption from the visible region towards near infrared (NIR) region, high molar absorptivity, and fluorescence quantum yield. In this review, we discuss the developments in the aza‐BODIPYs, related to their synthetic routes, photophysical properties and their applications. Their design strategies, modifications in chemical structures, mode/position of attachment, and their impact on photo‐physical properties are reviewed. The potential applications of aza‐BODIPY derivatives such as organic solar cells, photodynamic therapy, boron‐neutron capture therapy, fluorescence sensors, photo‐redox catalysis, photoacoustic probes and optoelectronic devices are explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have demonstrated a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) transformation from a two‐dimensional noninterpenetrated layer to a microporous three‐dimensional fourfold interpenetrated MOF. The centrosymmetric [Co2(μ2‐OH)(EIBA)3]n (SNUT‐25) transforms into a microporous [Co(EIBA)2]n (SNUT‐26), which is triggered by the reaction time with DMF that acts as a structure‐directing agent (HEIBA = 4‐(2‐ethyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)benzoic acid; DMF = N,N′‐dimethylformamide). Despite the distinct structure and coordination arrangements of SNUT‐25 in contrast to SNUT‐26, both Co‐MOFs were synthesized using the same ligand. Fascinatingly, upon introducing a specific quantity of DMF combined with a negligible proportion of nitric acid, SNUT‐25 will progressively and completely transform into SNUT‐26. Under the synergistic induction of solvent molecules and temperature, SNUT‐25 changed from the original two‐dimensional layered structure to the three‐dimensional pore structure of SNUT‐26. In addition, SNUT‐25 and SNUT‐26 are efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dye methyl blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. Surprisingly, the degradation rates of both SNUT‐25 and SNUT‐26 can reach over 96%. In addition, SNUT‐25 and SNUT‐26 also exhibited high electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is a widely used mechanism harnessed for sensing applications. For temporal stability of the energy transfer between donor and acceptor molecules their photostability and maintenance of the coupling geometry are important. A donor‐acceptor system was created from silicon nanoclusters (Si NCs) and silver nanoclusters (dihydrolopic acid (DHLA)‐protected Ag29 NCs). Optical spectroscopy and lifetime measurements helped to understand the energy transfer process between the Si NCs and Ag29 NCs. Compared with donor‐acceptor pairs based on gold nanocluster and organic dyes, the FRET pair formed between Si NCs and Ag29 (DHLA)12 NCs reaches a coequal efficiency of 60 %. A fine‐tuning of the system's parameters opens the door to investigating the sensitivity of the two nanocluster FRET system to various species and incorporating highly photostable moieties in a process relying on photoluminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Anthraquinone dyes have an anthraquinone structure as their nucleus, with one or more substituents forming different organic dyes. Anthraquinone dyes have a complex structure that allows them to exist stably in water environment, but also makes them more toxic than azo dyes. This results in varying degrees of harm to both humans and the environment as a result of residual dyes in the water or on the material' surface. Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is a highly promising oxidant due to its green end product. Therefore, in this study, the catalytic performance and kinetic study of cobalt oxide (CoO) on SPC under different conditions were systematically investigated using RB19 as the target pollutant. The Box–Behnken Design (BBD) model was used to model the degradation of RB19 by CoO/SPC system, which gives the basis for practical application. The types of reactive oxygen species that effectively degrade RB19 and the potential degradation mechanism of the CoO/SPC system were revealed. At the same time, the CoO/SPC system was evaluated in terms of its practicality. RESULTS: In this work, the activation of SPC using CoO towards reactive blue 19 (RB19) degradation was explored. Experimental results showed that nearly 93.8% of RB19 could be removed within 30 min using 1 mmol L−1 SPC and 30 mg L−1 CoO. The three‐factor interaction effects of SPC concentration, CoO dosage and initial pH were investigated. The BBD model was set up to obtain the optimum working conditions of 1.039 mmol L−1 SPC, 33.35 mg L−1 CoO and the initial pH of 7.82, which gave a degradation rate of 95.372%. Additionally, it was confirmed that the solubility of Co2+ is consistently <150 μg L−1, meeting the emission standard (1 ppm). The presence of Cl−, NO3–, and HA had a similar profile, with a slight promoting effect in small amounts and an inhibitory effect when introduced in excess. The introduction of SO42– had a negligible effect on RB19 degradation, whereas the presence of HCO3− produced a slight inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the presence of PO43– showed a strong inhibitory effect. The CoO/SPC system is suitable for other organic dyes (32.7%–100%) and antibiotics (97.1–100%). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis and quenching experiments confirmed the presence and relative contribution of free radicals in the CoO/SPC system as CO3•‐ (88.12%) >O2•‐ (51.11%) >1O2 (37.21%) >•OH (5.27%) > SPC (3.33%) >CoO (0.09%). It has been confirmed that CoO activates SPC through electron transfer. CONCLUSION: The present study describes a less time‐consuming, and more efficient method of treating anthraquinone dye wastewater that requires less oxidizer and catalyst, making it more economical. This proposes a straightforward, cost‐effective and efficient technique using SPC triggered by transition metal oxides. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore how altering solvothermal duration influences the characteristics of the resulting products, spanning crystal structure, band gap energy, morphology, and photocatalytic performance. Bismuth‐rich oxyiodide was synthesized via the solvothermal method by dissolving Bi(NO3)3 ⋅ 5H2O and KI in ethylene glycol. The mixture underwent heating in a Teflon autoclave stainless steel at 120 °C for durations of 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Analysis using FTIR revealed the presence of Bi−O and I−O bonds. Diffractograms indicated that all products exhibited traits of Bi4O5I2, with slight traces of Bi5O7I. Distinct band gap energies were observed across the solvothermal durations: 2 eV for 6 hours, 2.08 eV for 12 hours, and 1.89 eV for both 24 and 48 hours, delineating temporal nuances in product properties. Noteworthy, the morphology of the 12 hour variant revealed surface pores, indicative of intricate structural features. Notably, the 12 hour product exhibited the pinnacle of photocatalytic efficacy in methyl orange decolorization under UV light. Furthermore, investigations into photocatalyst mass variations and the inclusion of additional dyes, such as rhemazol black B, further elucidated the robust photocatalytic potential inherent in the B12 variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic photoluminescent materials with room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are of great interest, yet achieving RTP in hydrogels faces challenges due to water‐quenching effects. In this study, a straightforward method is presented to achieve RTP hydrogel using a self‐healing and salt‐hardening hydrogel. The hydrogel is synthesized by polymerizing acrylic acid (AA) with diethylenetriamine (DETA) as the dynamic crosslinker. The poly(acrylic acid)/DETA hydrogel could achieve an afterglow lasting 1.6 s after soaking with NaBr solution. The salt‐enhanced hydrophobic aggregation of the hydrogel network promotes the clustering of carboxyl groups and oxygen atoms, resulting in a rigid environment that suppresses nonradioactive transitions and leads to the manifestation of RTP. Additionally, the dynamic association of AA‐DETA allows the freeze‐dried hydrogel powder to be blended with various hydrophobic dyes, leading to a remodelable hydrogel with delayed emission of multiple colors. In general, by combining salt‐hardening property with self‐healing property together, a RTP hydrogel platform that can be facilely loaded with various organic dyes is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new chromophores based on difluoroborondipyrromethene dyes (Bodipy‐1, Bodipy‐2, and Bodipy‐3) are used as precursors to prepare luminescent solar concentrators (LSC) based on poly‐acrylate, following a thermally activated polymerization involving lauryl methacrylate as monomer, ethyl glycol dimethacrylate as cross‐linking agent, and lauroyl peroxide as initiator. The new dyes exhibit typical BODIPY absorption and emission properties in dichloromethane fluid solution, assigned to the lower‐lying singlet π–π∗ level, which in the case of Bodipy‐2 and Bodipy‐3, both containing diamino‐substituted styryl subunits in their structure, has a strong charge transfer contribution. The LSCs obtained starting from each of the three Bodipys are interfaced to silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells, and the PV light‐to‐energy conversion efficiencies ηopt for the three systems are calculated. The results yield ηopt of 4.53% for LSC‐Bodipy‐1, 5.26% for LSC‐Bodipy‐2, and 8.23% for LSC‐Bodipy‐3. The optical efficiency for LSC‐Bodipy‐3 is a remarkable value among the LSC based on organic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fields of biomedicine and catalysis have both shown a great deal of interest in copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs). Green synthesis methods are being frequently employed to develop highly active CuONPs. This research investigates the potential photocatalytic and antibacterial applications of two CuONPs that were synthesized utilizing extracts from Dillenia indica (D‐CuONPs) and Mikania micrantha (M‐CuONPs) leaves. Analysis using electron microscopy revealed that CuONPs are uniformly spherical and average size around 15 nm. The development of single‐phase CuONPs with a monoclinic structure is shown by X‐ray diffraction studies. The FTIR peaks at 695 cm−1 and 860 cm−1 represent a stretching of Cu−O, signifying the formation of CuO nanostructure. The EDX profiles stated that the CuONPs are correlated with compliantly intensified Cu and O signals. Under solar irradiation, around 90 % of congo red (CR) dye was degraded by both CuONPs in 120 min, with the rate constants of 0.0187 and 0.0174 min−1, respectively. Furthermore, CuONPs have excellent antibacterial activity against bacteria belonging to both Gram classes. Overall, CuONPs hold great potential for inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and for degrading organic dyes in the presence of sunlight. As such, they can be manufactured on a large scale using plant sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of visible light, a renewable and green energy source, and rose bengal, a non‐toxic organic dye as a photoredox catalyst, is an easy and efficient method for synthesizing 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones/thiones in EtOH at ambient temperature in very short reaction time. The present work offers simple operation, easy workup, rapid conversion, and excellent product yields, while accommodating a wide range of substrates. Rose bengal‐based photocatalytic approach permits foremost sustainability, which delivers economic and environmental rewards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mimicking the characteristics and achieving specific functions of biological systems is stirring but challenging. Generally, pigments in the commercial coating can only achieve a similarity in chromaticity, while cannot obtain a similarity in the solar reflective spectrum whose difficulty resides in simulating spectral characteristics simultaneously. Unfortunately, traditional organic pigments show poor weather and heat resistance. Herein, with the little difference in the color difference (ΔEab*), the high spectral similarity, as well as adjustable green peak and similar red edge slope compared with the common plants (pagoda tree leaf, etc.) in 400–2500 nm, is also attained. It is achieved by the interlayer confined organic pigment in Mg/Al‐layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al‐LDH) layers. The corresponding biomimetic leaf displays high hyperspectral performance with a spectral angle cosine of 0.9922 and heat resistance at 120 °C. The longer weather resistance than that of mechanical mixing is also demonstrated. The intercalated chromophores of sodium copper chlorophyllin in the Mg/Al‐LDH and the interlayer confinement of Mg/Al‐LDH contribute to the excellent performance. This work provides a green pigment and a biomimetic leaf requiring the same chromaticity and spectrum as green plants, filling the long‐term use demand gap for heat and weather‐resistant biomimetic vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repurposing enzymes to catalyze non‐natural asymmetric transformations that are difficult to achieve using traditional chemical methods is of significant importance. Although radical C−O bond formation has emerged as a powerful approach for constructing oxygen‐containing compounds, controlling the stereochemistry poses a great challenge. Here we present the development of a dual bio‐/photo‐catalytic system comprising an ene‐reductase and an organic dye for achieving stereoselective lactonizations. By integrating directed evolution and photoinduced single electron oxidation, we repurposed engineered ene‐reductases to steer non‐natural radical C−O formations (one C−O bond for hydrolactonizations and lactonization‐alkylations while two C−O bonds for lactonization‐oxygenations). This dual catalysis gave a new approach to a diverse array of enantioenhanced 5‐ and 6‐membered lactones with vicinal stereocenters, part of which bears a quaternary stereocenter (up to 99 % enantiomeric excess, up to 12.9 : 1 diastereomeric ratio). Detailed mechanistic studies, including computational simulations, uncovered the synergistic effect of the enzyme and the externally added organophotoredox catalyst Rh6G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing economical and high‐performing sensitizers is crucial in advancing dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and optoelectronics. This research paper explores the potential of novel red light‐absorbing organic dyes based on Indolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (ICZ) as the donor applied in co‐sensitizer‐free DSSCs for breakthroughs in photovoltaic (PV) applications. DFT and TD‐DFT based computational methods were employed to calculate the conduction band levels, electron injection capabilities, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of metal‐free organic dyes (ICZ1–ICZ9) having D‐A‐π‐A architecture. Comprehensive analyses included NBO, DOS, FMO, ICT, MEP, binding energy, and TDM analysis. Quantum chemical calculations of the structural, photochemical, and electrochemical properties, as well as the key parameters, reveals that all the designed dyes could be an excellent candidate for high‐efficiency DSSCs due the small energy gap (2.130–1.947 eV), longer wavelength absorption (759.47–520.63 nm), longer lifetimes (15.65–6.67 ns), a lower ΔGreg (0.29–0.14 eV), a significant dipole moment changes (31.489–16.195D), LHE (0.95‐0.46), the large qCT (0.962–0.689), small DCT (7.657, 4.897 Å), and VOC (1.13–0.86 eV). This quantum simulation showed that, when compared to reference D8, the photovoltaic dyes ICZ8, ICZ2, and ICZ7 are recognized as being eye‐catching. Furthermore, dye@(TiO2)9 cluster model results demonstrate promising prospects for enhancing the photovoltaic (PV) performance of ICZ1–ICZ9 dyes by electron injection and conduction band (CB) engineering. This study will help the experimentalists for developing ICZ‐based PVs as more efficient and sustainable energy solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A honeycomb porous cadmium(II) metal–organic framework {[Cd(L)(H2O)] ⋅ NMP ⋅ 5H2O}n (1, H2L=1‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylic acid and NMP=1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone) was obtained using the solvothermal method. The luminescent molecules rhodamine B (RhB) and fluorescein (FL) were encapsulated in 1 using the immersion method to prepare RhB@1 and FL@1 dual emission composites. Additionally, a series of RhBx/FL1‐x@1 composites with varying luminescence properties were generated by altering the molar ratio of RhB to FL. Furthermore, the photoluminescence of RhB@1 and FL@1 was demonstrated to be caused by photoelectron transfer and fluorescence resonance energy transfer from 1 to the encapsulated guest module. Notably, RhB@1 showed the considerable improvement in fluorescence selectivity and detection limit (10−6 M) for metronidazole and dimetronidazole with remarkable recyclability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient photosensitizers are crucial for advancing solar energy conversion and storage technologies. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel organic dye, denoted as YB6, for p‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells (p‐DSCs) and photoelectrochemical H2O2 production. YB6 features an extended conjugated π‐bridge derived from indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene and exhibits notable advantages: a two‐fold higher molar extinction coefficient at its main absorption peak and a broader absorption as compared to the PB6 dye. In p‐type dye‐sensitized NiO photoelectrochemical cells, the YB6‐based device demonstrated superior performance as compared to the PB6‐based device. It delivered nearly a 50 % higher H2O2 production over 5 hours. Furthermore, when fabricated into p‐DSCs, the YB6‐based device exhibited a 33 % higher power conversion efficiency. This enhancement is caused by suppressed charge recombination from the dye structure, which in turn may be traced to a larger thermodynamic up‐hill process for recombination losses in the YB6‐based system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As excellent functional materials, the composite materials based on graphene and its derivatives (GNDs) have lots of important application values in the emerging fields such as solar energy conversion, and the exploration of electron (or energy) transfer properties of those composites is the key for revealing their further applications. In this review, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) has been introduced as an essential technique to understand the carrier behaviors in GNDs composites, as well as the advancements of TAS. The specific examples of electron transport in various composite materials characterized by TAS are summarized and discussed, which consist of GNDs with semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), organic dyes, organic polymers, perovskites and other materials, respectively. This review provides a deep insight into the electron transfer (ET) kinetics of various GNDs composites from the perspective of TAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐efficiency and sustainable membrane purification technology is highly desirable but unattainable in the field of water treatment. 2D materials are emerging as very promising candidates for water treatment applications. However, membranes assembled by pure 2D materials lack reasonable structural and functional design, usually exhibiting relatively low water permeance, purification performance, and fouling resistance. Here, a mixed‐dimensional membrane is designed to solve the above‐mentioned problems by assembling two kinds of in situ grown 0D@2D functional building blocks of SiO2@GO and TiO2@MXene. Specifically, the obtained membrane exhibits high and maintainable water permeance of 2114 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 as well as high rejection rates toward organic dyes thanks to the plentiful firm water channels constructed by 0D@2D structures and the negative charges on both SiO2@GO and TiO2@MXene, respectively. Moreover, the 0D@2D TiO2@MXene serves as photocatalyst, rendering the composite membrane intriguing self‐cleaning function under UV irradiation, which is verified by the high recovery ratios of water permeance (97.5%) and dye interception rate (98.7%). Thus, this work offers a promising approach for the design of highly efficient and sustainable membrane for separation and purification purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing global demand for energy and growing environmental concerns emphasize the crucial role of solar energy as a sustainable and nondepletable resource. Solar cells, particularly dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), have gained prominence due to their efficient conversion of solar power, ecofriendly manufacturing processes, and noteworthy stability. Current research in sustainable energy focuses on transitioning from metal‐based to metal‐free organic materials. Tandem solar cells, combining n‐type and p‐type semiconductors sensitized with diverse photoactive dyes, show potential to surpass thermodynamic limits in photon conversion efficiency. Notably, the exploration of n‐type DSSCs as photoanodes in tandem architectures is promising. However, the absence of efficient p‐type photoactive cathodes remains a significant obstacle. Global research efforts are dedicated to addressing charge recombination issues in NiO‐based devices to enhance the efficiency of p‐type DSSCs. The success of any DSSC hinges on the selection of dyes/sensitizers with suitable anchoring groups, wide absorption in the visible–NIR region, and a high extinction coefficient. This article comprehensively reviews advancements in developing highly efficient p‐type sensitizers, emphasizing their pivotal role in unlocking the full potential of tandem solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four families of structurally related chiral π‐conjugated oligomers bearing a hydroquinone (HQ), 1,5‐dihydroxynaphthalene (Naph), benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophene‐4,8‐diol (BDT) or 9H‐carbazole (CBZ) central core, for a total of 11 new compounds, have been synthesized by simple and versatile synthetic strategies involving Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling protocols: a Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction, a Sonogashira/desilylation/Sonogashira sequence or a Sonogashira/desilylation/acyl Sonogashira sequence. A systematic investigation of the optical and chiroptical features of the final chiral dyes was performed in chloroform solution and on spin‐coated thin films. The ECD investigation was crucial in revealing that, even within the same family of organic dyes, minor variations in the nature and length of the π‐conjugated backbone can result in very different solid‐state arrangements at different hierarchical scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) is a unique strategy for alleviating concentration quenching of π‐conjugated organic compounds. This AIE behaviour can be induced not only in organic dyes with rotors but also in invertible π‐conjugated systems. Herein, intramolecular Ullmann coupling was used to synthesize π‐twisted triskelion‐shaped AIEgens (2F, 2G, and 2H), in which benzo[f], [g], and [h] coumarins were fused into the benzene core to form a helical propeller shape. These structural isomers had unique molecular thicknesses and planarities depending on the fusion mode of the benzocoumarin. The racemic crystals, PPP and MMM, had different overlapping molecular configurations because of their twisted molecular frameworks. Compounds 2F, 2G and 2H demonstrated weak fluorescence emission in diluted solutions resulting from molecular motions caused by the isomerization process during molecular inversion. By comparison, aggregates exhibited enhanced emission intensity. These π‐twisted triskelions exhibited the characteristics of AIEgens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present a one‐pot synthetic approach for the preparation of metal oxide nanocomposites. Our investigation combines various analytical techniques, including FTIR, XRD, UV‐vis DRS, PL, XPS, SEM, EDX, and XANES, to comprehensively identify heterogeneous structures: SnO2‐CuO, CuO‐SnO2, NiO‐TiO2, and TiO2‐NiO. These metal oxide‐linked semiconductor solids serve as catalysts for dye photodegradation and exhibit remarkable biological activity. Our research is centered on exploring the photocatalytic potential of SnO2‐CuO nanocomposites while emphasizing the optimization of their photocatalytic and biological activities. This optimization is achieved through the careful incorporation of an ideal quantity of SnO2, as confirmed by EDX data, which reveals the composition as follows: O: 78.58 weight percent (0.525 keV), Cu: 12.61 weight percent (0.954 keV), and Sn: 8.81 weight percent (0.400 keV). Notably, under direct sunlight irradiation, the degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B dye surpasses that of pristine CuO, SnO2, TiO2, and NiO nanoparticles. Additionally, we explore the antimicrobial properties of these prepared samples at varying concentrations (50, 100, and 150 μl) against the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Our findings highlight their effectiveness as antimicrobial agents. This research offers a promising method for developing highly active metal‐oxide‐linked nanomaterials, suitable for efficiently removing organic dye contaminants from water systems and showing great potential in antimicrobial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the theoretical model based on the Mueller matrix approach, the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) for thin films of chiral organic dyes can be expressed as the sum of several contributions, two of which are the most significant: 1) an intrinsic component (CDiso) invariant upon sample orientation, reflecting the molecular and/or supramolecular chirality, due to 3D‐chiral nanoscopic structures; 2) a non‐reciprocal component (LDLB) which inverts its sign upon sample flipping, which arises from the interaction of linear dichroism and linear birefringence in locally anisotropic domains, expression of 2D‐chiral micro/mesoscopic structures. In this work, we followed in parallel through ECD and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) the temperature evolution of the supramolecular arrangements of thin films of five structurally related chiral thiophene‐based oligomers with different LDLB/CDiso ratio. By increasing the temperature, regardless of phase transitions observed by DSC analysis, systems with strong CDiso revealed no changes in the ECD spectrum, while compounds with dominant LDLB contribution underwent a gradual (and reversible) reduction of (apparent) ECD signals. These findings demonstrated that the concomitant occurrence of intrinsic and non‐reciprocal components in the ECD spectrum of thin films of chiral organic dyes is strictly correlated with solid‐state organizations of different stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a comprehensive investigation of novel organic dyes MD‐1‐2 as active acid and base co‐sensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), using well‐known Ru(II)‐based N3 dyes. These co‐sensitizers contain a triphenylamine ring as a donor scaffold linked with an electron‐withdrawing cyanopyridyl and cyano benzoic acid acceptor for MD‐1‐2. In this study, we demonstrated the significant impact of base dyes with pyridine anchoring units on the photovoltaic parameters of N3‐sensitized devices. This methodology takes advantage of the ability of carboxyl and pyridyl moieties to interact with the Brønsted acid and Lewis acid sites on TiO2 surfaces, respectively. By reducing competition between dyes for surface binding, dye packing density on the TiO2 is enhanced while electron recombination is minimized, leading to higher photovoltage. Furthermore, the influence of varying sensitizer/co‐sensitizer ratios was comprehensively studied. Outcomes showed devices made using co‐sensitizer MD‐1‐2 with sensitizer N3 at all relative concentrations surpassed those with only N3. Importantly, the co‐sensitized devices that were made utilizing 0.3 mM acid–base MD‐1 and N3 sensitizer had the greatest solar energy capacity. It had a power conversion efficiency of 10.35%, a short‐circuit current density of 20.01 mA·cm−2, and an open‐circuit voltage of 752 mV. The results provide fresh insight into optimizing devices to create DSSCs with improved efficiency by choosing acceptable co‐sensitizers at suitable concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic dye pollutants are the most common type of pollutant found in water and wastewater as a result of various industrial activities. In particular, one of the largest contributors is the textile industry, which uses a lot of organic dyes to produce its goods. Organic dyes that remain in the effluents are typically permanent and difficult to detoxify using traditional wastewater treatment strategies. Photocatalysis using semiconductors have emerged as an attractive wastewater treatment method for resolving the major drawbacks of traditional methods. Montmorillonite has been presented as a conceivable dye adsorbent. When a semiconductor is incorporated, its adsorptive capability assists in imposing heterogeneous photoactivity. It is widely employed in a variety of applications due to fundamental characteristics such as high flexibility, swelling, ion exchange ability, acidity, usage in catalytic amounts, milder reaction conditions, benefit in reusability, selectivity, high yield, cheap cost, and so on. In this review, we specifically describe the last 3 years' development of dye degradation employing recently developed montmorillonite (MMT)‐based materials, as well as their preparation methods. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation of various types of organic dye pollutants, such as anionic and cationic dyes, was also studied in this review. The findings reveal that MMT‐based materials have a wide range of applications in the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants existing in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1500 nm) light has attracted considerable attention, especially for life sciences applications, the development of organic dyes with NIR‐II absorption remains a formidable challenge. Herein we report the design, synthesis, and electronic properties of 20π‐electron antiaromatic benziphthalocyanines (BPcs) that exhibit intense absorption bands in the NIR region. The strong, low‐energy absorption of the antiaromatic BPcs is attributed to electric‐dipole‐allowed HOMO‐LUMO transitions with narrow band gaps, enabled by the reduced structural symmetry of BPc compared with regular porphyrins and phthalocyanines. The combination of peripheral substituents and a central metal decreases the HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps, leading to the extension of the absorption bands into the NIR‐II region (reaching 1100 nm) under reductive conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on the synthesis of an innovative smart polymer, P5‐QPDMAEMA, opportunely developed with the aim of combining the responsiveness of PDMAEMA polymer and the host‐guest properties of covalently linked pillar[5]arenes. Thanks to a traditional Non‐Induced Phase Separation (NIPS) process performed at various coagulation pH, the blending of P5‐QPDMAEMA with polyethersulfone gave rise to the formation of functional beads for the removal of organic dyes in water. Adsorption tests are carried out on all the produced blend‐based beads by employing two representative dyes, the cationic methylene blue (MB), and the anionic methyl orange (MO). In particular, the P5‐QPDMAEMA based beads, prepared at acidic pH, featured the best MO removal rate (i. e., 91.3 % after 150 minutes starting from a 20 mg ⋅ L−1 solution) and a high selectivity towards the removal of the selected anionic dye. Based on the adsorption kinetics and isotherm calculations, the pseudo‐first order and Freundlich models were shown to be the most suitable to describe the MO adsorption behavior, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 21.54 mg ⋅ g−1. Furthermore, zwitterionic beads are obtained by a post‐functionalization of the PDMAEMA and the P5‐QPDMAEMA based beads, to test their removal capability towards both anionic and cationic dyes, as shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic nanoparticles with synergistic effects revealed much higher catalytic activity than respective monometallic materials. This review describes bimetallic nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles, combined with the other transition elements, such as Ag−Fe, Ag−Co, Ag−Ni, and Ag−Cu, as an enhanced catalytically active material. The coverage is given to the various methods of preparation, in which factors responsible for different structures of bimetallic nanoparticles are thoroughly discussed. Lastly, we explore the use of bimetallic nanoparticles as a catalyst for the degradation of numerous organic pollutants that contribute to water pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new amphiphilic azo‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) derivative was synthesized by functionalizing octa(3‐aminopropyl)silsesquioxane (OAS‐POSS) with 4‐((4‐(dodecyloxy)phenyl)diazenyl)benzoic acid, affording a hydrophilic amino POSS head and hydrophobic dodecyl tail with a diphenyl‐azo connector. Prepared amphiphilic azo‐functionalized POSS (azo‐POSS) exhibited high ability for encapsulation and transferring cationic dyes into the organic phase by vigorously mixing with aqueous solutions of each dye. The photo‐controlled encapsulating properties of the synthesized phase transfer reagent was studied using cationic dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV) and thymol blue in acidic conditions. Results showed more than 95 % encapsulation of MB. However, no considerable encapsulation was shown in the case of anionic dyes such as eriochrome black T (EBT) and thymol blue in alkaline solutions. By trans/cis isomerization of the azo moiety of the phase transfer reagent by UV irradiation (365 nm), the amount of dye encapsulation was decreased, which could be attributed to the formation of cis isomer that led to the folding of the dodecyl alkyl tail on the POSS moiety, and therefore prevent to lay the 3‐aminopropyl moieties of POSS head to the water/DCM interface to adsorb and encapsulate MB molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we have designed polyfunctional materials of d10‐configuration Cd (II) "Cd‐CP." The coordination polymer Cd‐CP was synthesized using benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylic acid and 3,5‐diaminotriazole via solvothermal reaction. The Cd‐CP has been fully characterized by using single X‐ray crystallography, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform–infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Single crystal X‐ray crystallography revealed that the CP‐Cd crystallized in triclinic space group P – 1 with the chemical composition [(BDC)(DAT)2Cd2Cl] (CH3)2 NH2+ · H2O. The present study investigated the impact of different reaction parameters, including the concentration of MG, the dosage of catalyst, and the duration of irradiation, on the outcome demonstrating a high level of photocatalytic efficacy at 99.19% under visible light irradiation. The obtained kinetic data exhibited conformity with a pseudo‐first‐order model, indicating that the rate‐determining step is likely to be photo‐absorption. The value of the apparent rate constant was found to be 0.019 min−1 for 50 mg L−1, 0.016 min−1 for 100 mg L−1, and 0.015 min−1 for 150 mg L−1 MG concentration. The corresponding half‐life time was found to be 36.44, 43.31, and 46.20 min with values of correlation coefficient (R2) as 0.99, 0.93, and 0.98, respectively. Moreover, a trapping experiment was conducted to demonstrate that hydroxy radicals (•OH) are the principal reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the degradation of MG. The results of the total organic carbon (TOC) study indicated a mineralization value of around 89%, suggesting that the dye has been completely degraded into non‐toxic by‐products such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photothermal therapy (PTT) represents a groundbreaking approach to targeted disease treatment by harnessing the conversion of light into heat. The efficacy of PTT heavily relies on the capabilities of photothermal agents (PTAs). Among PTAs, those based on organic dyes exhibit notable characteristics such as adjustable light absorption wavelengths, high extinction coefficients, and high compatibility in biological systems. However, a challenge associated with organic dye‐based PTAs lies in their efficiency in converting light into heat while maintaining stability. Manipulating dye aggregation is a key aspect in modulating non‐radiative decay pathways, aiming to augment heat generation. This review delves into various strategies aimed at improving photothermal performance through constructing aggregation. These strategies including protecting dyes from photodegradation, inhibiting non‐photothermal pathways, maintaining space within molecular aggregates, and introducing intermolecular photophysical processes. Overall, this review highlights the precision‐driven assembly of organic dyes as a promising frontier in enhancing PTT‐related applications. This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging TechnologiesTherapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic DiseaseDiagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, photocatalysts with high photocatalytic activity performance are synthesized by synthesizing graphene aerogel‐supported, cadmium‐doped TiO2 composites by hydrothermal method for the effective degradation of organic dyes in wastewater. Here, GA–TiO2–Cd is investigated as a photocatalyst for the degradation of toxic dyes named Orange G, Acid Blue 161, and Brilliant Green in the UV part of the light spectrum. As a result of the experiments, it is observed that the effective decomposition of organic dyes is due to graphene aerogel (GA) and cadmium‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The results show that for 20 ppm solutions of Orange G, Acid Blue 161, and Brilliant Green, dyes are removed at approximately 81.075%, 84.15%, and 95.18% in 120 min. The morphology and elemental analysis of the synthesized composites are determined using SEM‐EDS, crystal structure analysis by XRD, chemical bond analysis by FTIR, optical properties by UV‐Vis‐NIR spectrophotometry, and thermal resistance by TGA analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have continuously received attentions in the field of photovoltaics due to their charming properties and promising performance under the indoor dim‐light environment. Herein, two organic photosensitizers (GZ121 and GZ124) are designed with the insertion of double auxiliary acceptors in a donor‐acceptor‐π‐acceptor‐π‐acceptor (D‐A‐π‐A‐π‐A) design. The devices fabricated from these photosensitizers are investigated under one sun and dim‐light (300–6000 lux) conditions with N719 dye for comparison. The GZ124 dye achieves power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 9.43% (photocurrent density (Jsc) = 14.79 mA cm−2, photovoltage (Voc) = 0.85 V, and fill factor (FF) = 0.75) under one sun irradiation and 28.62% (Jsc = 0.99 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.68 V, and FF = 0.77) under dim‐light illumination at 6000 lux, which is far better than the reference N719 dye. Moreover, the PCE under dim light is ranked among the top as compared to DSSCs devices sensitized by a single dye. The GZ124 dye also demonstrates outstanding stability for more than 1000 h under prolonged one sun sensitization. The current studies affirm that the design of a D‐A‐π‐A‐π‐A structural framework by introducing double auxiliary acceptors in a single sensitizer is a promising approach to boost the performance of DSSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current research, new metal complexes have been synthesized by using the greener synthetic approach in which 3‐Nitroaniline reacts with the elements of group‐IIB and group‐IVB. According to this method, ligand and metals were dissolved in 1,4‐dioxane and stirred at room temperature for a specific time period. The method for the preparation of metal‐base complexes is quite simple and cost‐effective. To identify the synthesized compounds various physio‐chemical analytical techniques were used such as Melting point, FT‐Raman Spectroscopy, FT‐IR Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) that provide significant data about the general structural characteristics of synthesized compounds. The percentage degradation efficiency of synthetic dyes was obtained as 57 %, 66 %, and 97 % using the synthesized compounds as photocatalysts. A statistical tool, RSM was used for the optimization of parameters (Concentration of Dye, Dose of Catalyst, and contact time). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study reports tailoring the electronic donor structures of organic dyes to modify their optical and nonlinear optical (NLO) response properties. Five (5) tri‐phenyl amine (TPA) based Donor‐π‐Acceptor (D‐π‐A) organic dyes with the codes ICAA1, ICAA2, ICAA3, ICAA4, and ICAA5 were designed and investigated for their optical and NLO properties using quantum chemical methods. Optical and NLO properties of these dyes were studied by CAM‐B3LYP method and 6‐311G* basis set. The focus has been on the impact of adding secondary donors and shifting their substitutions at ortho (o), meta (m) and para (p) positions. Among all designed compounds, ICAA4 showed the highest amplitude of average third‐order NLO polarizability <γ>, which is calculated to be 1316 × 10−36 esu. Time‐dependent Density Functional Theory (TD‐DFT) method was used to determine how a change in the position of the donor affected the excitation energy (Eg) and NLO response properties. The findings showed that changing the position of the secondary donor results in a red shift among absorption spectra as well as the increase in their NLO responses. Complete process of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) has been investigated in terms of different optical parameters such as frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs), transition density matrix (TDMs), density of states (DOS), electron density difference (EDD), and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Our calculations for study of ICT process indicate that p‐position of methoxy group performs better among all other positions and even it has better NLO response properties than the compound with three collective methoxy groups. The calculated Voc values of all designed molecules range from 1.09 to 1.30, all of them are positive while their ΔGinject is found to be in the range of −0.87 to −1.79 eV indicating their decent potential for photovoltaic applications. The studied optical, NLO and photovoltaic parameters illustrated that ICAA1 to ICAA5 are appropriate molecules not only for NLO applications but also for efficient photovoltaic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the surface of pyrolyzed coconut coir (PCC) dust has been functionalized using atmospheric plasma under non‐equilibrium conditions without utilizing vacuum chambers. The reactive species present in the plasma such as, molecular ions, electrons, and radicals interact with PCC's surface, leading to the introduction of epoxy, carbonyl and amino functional groups on carbon surface. The resulting plasma functionalized carbon (PFC) material was characterized using several advanced material characterization techniques, including PXRD, FTIR, XPS, N2 BET specific surface area, SEM and TEM imaging techniques, etc. Moreover, it has been used in diverse applications in toxic gas removal (CO2, CO, NOx), fluoride (F−) removal from drinking water and cationic organic dye (methylene blue–MB) removal. The reported method for synthesis of functional carbon introduces a platform technology for low carbon footprint, green synthesis of advanced functional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitive detection of shortwave infrared (SWIR) light using organic dyes will be a significant advance toward many applications in industry and research. Furthermore, from a fabrication and optimization view, photogeneration of charges in diodes consisting of a single dye layer will be highly attractive. However, SWIR dyes are scarce and organic photodiodes usually utilize a donor–acceptor materials combination to split excitons into charges. Here, it is demonstrated that single‐component layers of several SWIR squaraine dyes operate as efficient photodetectors, with peak external quantum efficiency > 40% beyond 1000 nm and sensitivity out to 1300 nm. Photocurrents show a superlinear dependence on reverse bias. It is shown that this results from a field‐assisted exciton dissociation mechanism, and not from field‐dependent charge injection or extraction. SWIR photodiodes are combined with organic light‐emitting diodes to fabricate upconversion photodetectors – devices that convert SWIR photons directly into visible light. Upconverters are characterized by a low turn‐on voltage (1.5 V) and a high luminance contrast (on‐off ratio 16 000) and SWIR‐to‐visible (λ = 575 nm) photon conversion efficiency (1.85%). Upconversion photodetectors emerge as a promising alternative to the current inorganic‐based imaging technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tribocatalysis is one of the emerging processes for organic dye degradation application. The process uses mechanical energy as a source for breaking down organic pollutants present in water. The synergistic effect of two catalysis processes for eliminating organic pollutants, here in the present study photocatalysis an advanced oxidation process is integrated with the tribocatalysis process for enhancing the degradation efficiency of the tribocatalysis process by using BaTiO3 ceramic powder as a catalyst. The responsible factors for dye degradation via the tribocatalysis process such as surface roughness of the materials utilized, force applied, and energy band gap of the catalyst are also studied. The Methylene Blue dye's degradation was ~39%, ~60%, and ~76% through tribocatalysis, photocatalysis, and photo-tribocatalysis respectively by using 400 mg BaTiO3 ceramic powder in 8 h. The synergistic effect of photocatalysis and tribocatalysis process showed enhanced degradation compared to individual processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of various in‐silico‐based approaches for the prediction of various properties of materials has been an effective alternative to experimental methods. Recently, the concepts of Quantitative structure‐property relationship (QSPR) and read‐across (RA) methods were merged to develop a new emerging chemoinformatic tool: read‐across structure‐property relationship (RASPR). The RASPR method can be applicable to both large and small datasets as it uses various similarity and error‐based measures. It has also been observed that RASPR models tend to have an increased external predictivity compared to the corresponding QSPR models. In this study, we have modeled the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic dyes used in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by using the quantitative RASPR (q‐RASPR) method. We have used relatively larger classes of organic dyes–Phenothiazines (n=207), Porphyrins (n=281), and Triphenylamines (n=229) for the modelling purpose. We have divided each of the datasets into training and test sets in 3 different combinations, and with the training sets we have developed three different QSPR models with structural and physicochemical descriptors and validated them with the corresponding test sets. These corresponding modeled descriptors were used to calculate the RASPR descriptors using a Java‐based tool RASAR Descriptor Calculator v2.0 (https://sites.google.com/jadavpuruniversity.in/dtc‐lab‐software/home), and then data fusion was performed by pooling the previously selected structural and physicochemical descriptors with the calculated RASPR descriptors. Further feature selection algorithm was employed to develop the final RASPR PLS models. Here, we also developed different machine learning (ML) models with the descriptors selected in the QSPR PLS and RASPR PLS models, and it was found that models with RASPR descriptors superseded in external predictivity the models with only structural and physicochemical descriptors: RMSEP reduced for phenothiazines from 1.16–1.25 to 1.07–1.18, for porphyrins from 1.60–1.79 to 1.45–1.53, for triphenylamines from 1.27–1.54 to 1.20–1.47. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced oxidation processes based on sulfate radical are considered one of the most promising wastewater treatment technologies currently. Among heterogeneous catalysts, cobalt metal–organic framework (MOF) has been widely reported. However, the inherent powder form of MOF hinders its practical application and reusability. Therefore, innovative methods to increase the loading capacity and the accessibility of MOF active sites in monolithic materials are required. Therefore, a simple and scalable method of fabricating a stable, hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐67) 3D sponge by growing MOF on a short electrospun fiber network is shown. The sponge can efficiently activate peroxymonosulfate and rapidly degrade an exemplary organic dye (Rhodamine B) with a degradation efficiency of 100%. The resulting multilevel, hierarchical porous structure is beneficial to the mass transfer of reagents making the catalytic process efficient. This also enables the use of the ZIF‐67 as an efficient catalytic filter for continuous removal of dye. The sponge can be recycled and reused for several cycles due to its robustness without loss in efficiency. The proposed research strategy provides a new way to design MOF 3D monolithic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The exploration of novel photosensitizers with reverberant optoelectronic features for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is a frontline area of research. In this respect, attempts have been made to design a series of novel organic dyes (JFK‐1–JFK‐10) with D‐π‐A framework by π‐spacer modification strategy. The suitability of developed sensitizers for DSSCs applications is confirmed by executing natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, transition density matrix (TDM) analysis, frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, density of state (DOS) analysis, binding energy (Eb), electron regeneration energy (ΔGreg), free energy of injection (ΔGinject), electronic coupling constant (VRP), and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) parameters qCT (e‐), DCT (Å), H index (Å), ∆(Å), t index (Å), μCT (D). RESULTS: The calculated results of these analyses show that replacing the thiophene (B0) π‐spacer with extended conjugated thiazole and thiophene as a π‐spacer (B1‐B10) results in significantly lowered FMO energy levels, broader λmax values, and ICT parameters respectively. All the proposed dyes could be used as excellent sensitizers for DSSCs; the B9 spacer in JFK‐9 makes JFK‐9 a highly efficient candidate for the high‐efficiency of DSSCs due to promising photovoltaic characteristics, like the reduced Egap (4.386 eV), longer λmax(427.989 nm), longer excited state lifetimes (1.483 ns), a lower ΔGreg (1.807 eV), a greater dipole moment of (9.475 D), and large qCT (0.546), LHE (0.981), and eVOC (1.729 eV). CONCLUSION: The fabricated dyes' (F1‐F9) photoelectronic and chemical transfer parameters near the titania‐electrolyte interface (dyes@TiO2) proved have better accumulation and recombination of dyes@TiO2 model. The adsorption energies calculated of all compounds provide a deep insight into adsorption and charge transfer to a semiconductor TiO2 conduction band. Hence, these modeled dyes (JFK‐1‐JFK‐10) could be used as efficient DSSCs and open new avenues for researchers to synthesize high‐performance DSSCs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discharge of coloured textile printing and dyeing wastewater causes environmental pollution. Disposing of wastewater efficiently, simply and with low consumption, is a problem that must be addressed. Herein, a catalytic method for rapid decolorisation of organic dyes was devised employing a terpyridine iron complex to activate oxidised permonosulphate. CI Acid Red 1 was used as the simulated pollutant, the influences of operating parameters on the fading effects of wastewater were explored. According to the results, the produced catalytic system exhibits a universal catalytic effect. Even when the dye concentration reaches 76.4 mg/L, the dyeing wastewater may be effectively decolorised. In addition, when anions (HCO3−, SO42−, Cl−) were present in the solution, the degradation effect of CI Acid Red 1 was still effective. Interestingly, active species such as sulphate radicals and singlet oxygen were detected in the catalytic degradation system by radical capture experiments. The removal rate of total organic carbon can achieve a percentage of 26.22% in 2 hours. This research provides a unique, enzyme‐like catalytic system for the rapid breakdown of dye contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transient electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex has been an emerging area in the photoinduced organic synthesis field, generating radicals without exogenous transition‐metal or organic dye‐based photoredox catalysts. The catalytic platform to form suitable photoactive EDA complexes for photochemical reduction reactions remains underdeveloped. Herein, a general photoinduced reductive alkylation via the EDA complex strategy is described. A simple yet multifunctional system, triphenylphosphine and iodide salt, promotes the photoinduced decarboxylative hydroalkylation, and reductive defluorinative decarboxylative alkylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes, to access trifluoromethyl alkanes and gem‐difluoroalkenes. Moreover, decarboxylative hydroalkylation can be applied to more kinds of electron‐deficient alkenes as a general Giese addition reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic‐organic hybrid materials are a kind of multiduty materials with high crystallinity and definite structures, built from functional inorganic and organic components with highly tunable photochemical properties. Perylenediimides (PDIs) are a kind of strong visible light‐absorbing organic dyes with π‐electron‐deficient planes and photochemical properties depending on their micro‐environment, which provides a platform for designing tunable and efficient hybrid photocatalytic materials. Herein, four radical‐doped PDI‐based crystalline hybrid materials, Cl4‐PDI⋅SiW12O40 (1), Cl4‐PDI⋅SiMo12O40 (2), Cl4‐PDI⋅PW12O40 (3), and Cl4‐PDI⋅PMo12O40 (4), were attained by slow diffusion of polyoxometalates (POMs) into acidified Cl4‐PDI solutions. The obtained PDI‐based crystalline hybrid materials not only exhibited prominent photochromism, but also possessed reactive organic radicals under ambient conditions. Furthermore, all hybrid materials could be easily photoreduced to their radical anions (Cl4‐PDI⋅−), and then underwent a second photoexcitation to form energetic excited state radical anions (Cl4‐PDI⋅−*). However, experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the formed energetic Cl4‐PDI⋅−* showed unusual POM‐dependent photocatalytic efficiencies toward the oxidative coupling of amines and the iodoperfluoroalkylation of alkenes; higher photocatalytic efficiencies were found for hybrid materials 1 (anion: SiW12O404−) and 2 (anion: SiMo12O404−) compared to 3 (anion: PW12O403−) and 4 (anion: PMo12O403−). The photocatalytic efficiencies of these hybrid materials are mainly controlled by the energy differences between the SOMO‐2 level of Cl4‐PDI⋅−* and the LUMO level of the POMs. The structure‐photocatalytic activity relationships established in present work provide new research directions to both the photocatalysis and hybrid material fields, and will promote the integration of these areas to explore new materials with interesting properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered halide perovskites are solution‐processed natural heterostructures where quantum and dielectric confinement down to the nanoscale strongly influence the optical properties, leading to stabilization of bound excitons. Detailed understanding of the exciton properties is crucial to boost the exploitation of these materials in energy conversion and light emission applications, with on‐going debate related to the energy order of the four components of the most stable exciton. To provide theoretical feedback and solve among contrasting literature reports, this work performs ab initio solution of the Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) for symmetrized reference Cs2PbX4 (X = I and Br) models, with detailed interpretation of the spectroscopic observables based on group‐theory analysis. Simulations predict the following Edark < Ein‐plane < Eout‐of‐plane fine‐structure assignment, consistent with recent magneto‐absorption experiments and obtain similar increase in dark/bright splitting when going from lead‐iodide to a lead‐bromide composition as found experimentally. The authors further suggest that polar distortions may lead to stabilization of the in‐plane component and end‐up in a bright lowest exciton component, discuss exciton landscape over a broad energy range and clarify the exciton spin‐character, when large spin‐orbit coupling is in play, to rationalize the potential of halide perovskites as triplet sensitizers in combination with organic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]