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Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dyeing rates of raw wool and modified wool at different time (standard errors) The dye performance evaluation The dyeing performance of the wool samples was evaluated by the color depth (K/S) and compared as shown in Table 3. Keywords: Thiol groups; ionic liquid; wool; hydrophilic performance; dye; surface modification; ; ; ; ; ; EN Thiol groups ionic liquid wool hydrophilic performance dye surface modification ZH 9729 9740 12 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction Wool is a widely used natural protein fiber due to its warmth, comfort and wear- proof properties (Wang et al. [34]; Zhou, Di, and Wang [40]). The FTIR spectra of raw wool and modified wool (95% confidence limit bands) Crystallinity test The XRD spectra of wool samples (raw wool and wool treated for 3 min) are shown in Figure 4. [Extracted from the article]

Besides, the cuticle-L + U lane showed a lighter blue band than that of the raw wool and cuticle-FA, indicating the cuticle-L + U was more difficult to be dissolved than cuticle-FA. Keywords: Wool fibers; cuticle isolation; keratin; l-cysteine; secondary structure; thermal stability; ; ; ; L- ; ; EN Wool fibers cuticle isolation keratin l-cysteine secondary structure thermal stability ZH L- 7714 7727 14 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction Wool has been widely used in the textile industry due to its excellent elasticity and heat retention property. FT-IR spectrum of the raw wool, cuticle-FA, and cuticle-L + U FTIR spectra comparison between the raw wool, cuticle-FA, and cuticle-L + U showed differences in 1200-1000 cm SP -1 sp . SDS-PAGE analysis of the raw wool (Lane 1), cuticle-FA (Lane 2), cuticle-L + U (Lane 3) Conclusion Taken together, our data demonstrated that pure and flaky-shaped cuticle cells could be effectively isolated with the L-cysteine and formic acid methods, respectively. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wool, mainly composed of keratin, is a relatively high-grade textile material. Its inherent disadvantage such as high shrinkage and poor dyeability caused by the complex scale structure has puzzled people for a long time. Removing or breaking the surface scales of wool fibers in a simple, effective, and environmentally friendly way has attracted growing attention in recent years. Herein we proposed a thiourea dioxide (TD)-based method that could effectively remove the surface scale of wool fiber with minor damage to its internal structure. This was verified using Allwörden reaction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XPS, FT-Raman spectroscopy and Ellman's test. Furthermore, the dimensional stability and dyeability were significantly improved. The machine-washable effect can be achieved with the strength loss of merely 5.16% when the TD concentration was 10%. Fluorescence microscopy images further showed that low concentrations of TD could damage the surface scale layer of wool without severe strength loss. This approach is facile, environmentally friendly, and economical, providing a new direction for the surface modification of varied keratin-rich fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wool surface modification is essential for its application in the textile industry. In this work, a novel approach using reduced ionic liquid (IL) was applied to modify the surface of wool and enhance surface-related properties of wool for overcoming the unsustainable drawbacks in the present methods. The results from the surface morphology indicated that the wool was gradually dissolved from the outside to the inside of the fiber. The treated wool was characterized using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorescence microscopy and the Allwörden reaction. Moreover, felting shrinkage, mechanical properties, and dyeing properties of the treated wool were analyzed. Disulfide bonds were cleaved during the process from XPS test. The Allwörden reaction and fluorescence analysis showed damaged scale layer on the wool surface and an intact fiber main body with an acceptable loss of mechanical properties. Compared with the untreated wool, the anti-felting properties and dyeing performance improved due to the cleavage of disulfide bonds and the removal of the lipid layer, indicating that the treatment could modify the wool surface. Overall, the study supports a novel, facile and highly efficient approach for preparing a value-adding natural protein fiber with a potential for large-scale production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]