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Methomyl (Met) is a carbamate pesticide, extensively used as an insecticide and an acaricide. Environmental and occupational exposures to this chemical may pose serious health risks. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of vitamin E (Vit E) against methomyl-induced toxicity. Thirty-two pregnant rats were divided into four groups and treated orally on gestational days 0–18: control, Met (10 mg/kg/day), Vit E (100 mg/kg/day) and (Met + Vit E), respectively. Biochemical parameters, progesterone levels and reproductive indices were evaluated. After post-partum, ovaries were excised, weighed and used for histopathological examinations. Results showed that Met induces significant alterations in biochemical parameters, progesterone levels and reproductive outcomes. Moreover, Met-ovary sections revealed vessel congestion and an increase in atretic follicles. The co-administration of Vit E along with Met can achieve obvious ameliorative effects in biochemical and reproductive parameters, and in ovarian-histopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between the intake of vitamin C, vitamin E and ß-carotene, and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane library, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched from inception to 29 August 2022 for observational studies reporting the odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) or hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PD by Vitamin C/Vitamin E/ß-carotene intake. Random-effects models, publication bias assessment, subgroup, sensitivity and dose-response analyses were performed, using. Stata version 12.0. Results: A total of 13 studies were included. There was no significant association between highdose vitamin C intake and the risk of PD compared with low-dose vitamin C intake (RR = 0.98, 95%CI:0.89,1.08). Compared with low-dose intake, high-dose intake of vitamin E can prevent the risk of PD (RR = 0.87, 95%CI:0.77,0.99). Compared with lower ß-carotene intake, there was a borderline non-significant correlation between higher intake and PD risk (RR = 0.91, 95% CI:0.82,1.01), and high dose ß-carotene intake was found to be associated with a lower risk of PD in women (RR = 0.78, 95%CI:0.64,0.96). Conclusion: This study shows that vitamin E intake can reduce the risk of PD and play a preventive role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antioxidant vitamins have been proven to be highly efficient in treatment of skin impaired by oxidative stress, but challenges regarding stability and skin penetration limit their therapeutic effect. Lipid-based drug delivery systems offer great potential for overcoming these drawbacks. This work aimed to identify the most promising system for combined antioxidant therapy. A comparative assessment of several systems, containing the same ingredients but differing in their microstructure, was therefore performed. Namely, microemulsions (MEs) of both types (W/O and O/W) and lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), simultaneously loaded with vitamin C or ascorbyl palmitate and vitamin E, were assessed. Stability, antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay), and release (Franz diffusion cells) of the vitamins incorporated was examined. The results obtained were supported with the systems' thermal and rheological (rotational and oscillatory tests) evaluation. In addition, biological acceptability (MTS assay) of the systems studied was investigated. The findings demonstrate that the microstructure of MEs and LLCs studied has a decisive impact on the stability, antioxidant activity, and release of the vitamins incorporated. The highest stability was preserved in LLCs for both pairings, with vitamins C and E being a more stable combination. LLCs also provided suitable vitamins' antioxidant activity and release characteristics. In addition, the system exhibited preferable rheological features for dermal administration. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies on a keratinocyte cell line demonstrated the highest biocompatibility for LCCs with the cell proliferation being greater than 85%. In conclusion, LLCs were confirmed as the most favorable lipid-based drug delivery system for combined antioxidant treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:The combined supplementation of vitamins C and E potentially can mitigate oxidative stress (OS) and accelerate recovery following exercise. However, there is little evidence and a lack of consensus on the effects of these vitamins for this purpose. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on the effects of the combined supplementation of vitamins C and E in OS, inflammatory markers, muscle damage, muscle soreness, and musculoskeletal functionality following acute exercise. Methods: The search was carried out from inception until March 2021, on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and SPORT Discus. We included placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of combined supplementation of vitamins C and E in OS, inflammatory markers, muscle damage, muscle soreness, and muscle strength following a single bout of exercise. Random-effect meta-analyses were used to compare pre to post-exercise mean changes in subjects who received supplementation with vitamins C and E or placebo versus controls. Data are presented as standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Eighteen RCTs, accounting for data from 322 individuals, were included. The use of vitamins attenuated lipid peroxidation (SMD= −0.703; 95% CI= −1.035 to −0.372; p < 0.001), IL-6 (SMD= −0.576; 95%CI= −1.036 to −0.117; p = 0.014), and cortisol levels (SMD= −0.918; 95%CI= −1.475 to −0.361; p = 0.001) immediately, and creatine kinase levels 48 h following exercise (SMD= −0.991; 95%CI= −1.611 to −0.372; p = 0.002). Supplementing the combination of vitamins had no effects on protein carbonyls, reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio, catalase, interleukin-1Ra, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, muscle soreness, and muscle strength. Conclusion: Prior supplementation of the combination of vitamins C and E attenuates OS (lipid peroxidation), the inflammatory response (interleukin-6), cortisol levels, and muscle damage (creatine kinase) following a session of exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of nutrition education program on protein and nutrient intake, physical performance, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years). The participants were randomized in clusters to intervention (IG, n = 51) and control (CG, n = 45) groups. Those in IG took part in the Eating for Strong Aging education program consisting of nutrition education in peer groups, written materials, and personal advice. Nutrient intake was assessed with 3-day food diaries, physical performance with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and HRQoL with 15-D-QoL instrument. Total of 89 participants completed the study. The mean age was 76 years (IG) and 74 years (CG). At three months, the mean change in protein intake was 0.10 g/adjusted bodyweight (ABW) kg/d in the IG, and −0.07 g/ABW kg/d in the CG (p = 0.024). Intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins C and E increased in the IG compared to the CG (p < 0.05). Changes in SPPB or total HRQoL scores between the IG and the CG did not differ. HRQoL dimension mobility improved in the IG compared to the CG (p = 0.035). In conclusion, the Eating for Strong Aging educational program improved nutrition and may be beneficial for mobility-related QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to develop a liposome that could exert unparalleled antioxidant effects. In the present study, a vitamin C (VC)/vitamin E (VE)-co-loaded multivesicular liposome (VCVE-MVL) was constructed. Vitamins were encapsulated in soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and cholesterol (CHO) by multi-emulsification method. The concentration of VC was determined by Fast Blue method. The concentration of VE was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Vitamin antioxidant capacity in vitro and in vivo was determined using β-carotene bleaching. VCVE-MVL with particle diameter of 848.55 ± 0.29 nm and SPAN of 0.16 ± 0.11 were obtained. The encapsulation efficiency of VC reached 48.51% (w/w)±0.15. Compared with VC/VE solution, VCVE-MVL had a higher permeation efficiency. In addition, the in vitro and ex-vivo antioxidant tests verified the adequate antioxidant activity of VCVE-MVL. In conclusion, the antioxidant synergistic system we constructed and demonstrated its potential applications in the cosmetics industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the nutrients that influence the performance of working memory, which is greatly affected as age progresses. A total of 1646 healthy adults between 21 and 80 years old participated in the study. The daily consumption of 64 nutrients was examined using a food frequency questionnaire that assessed food intake during the previous year. Working memory was measured in the verbal and spatial domains using a computerized task. We examined which nutrients influence working memory across the entire adult lifespan and whether the influence of any of these nutrients on working memory is moderated by individuals' ages. Working memory, across the entire adult lifespan, benefits from the intake of cholesterol, alcohol, gamma- and delta-tocopherol, vitamin B6, and palmitoleic, oleic, alpha linoleic and linoleic acids. Moderator analyses revealed that fats, energy, lactose and sodium negatively influenced working memory in middle-aged and older adults, whereas vitamin D and vitamin C had positive effects on memory beyond 70 years of age. Nutrients have the ability to positively or negatively affect working memory, which varies as a function of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between dietary antioxidants and breast cancer (BrCa) has been investigated in various studies. As a limitation, they generally investigate the relationship between one specific antioxidant and the risk/odds of BrCa, and synergistic or inhibitory effects are less considered. Dietary antioxidant index (DAI) is a reliable nutritional tool that evaluates total nutritional antioxidant capacity and is validated with serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehyde (MDA). Our study aimed to investigate the association between the DAI and the odds of BrCa and the correlation between the DAI and pathobiological markers. We hypnotized a correlation between DAI and pathobiological markers, and there is an association between DAI and the odds of BrCa. Methods: Our study included 145 incidence cases of BrCa and 148 hospital-based controls. Controls were randomly selected from patients attending the same center and were frequency-matched on age (±10 years). DAI was calculated based on a valid semi-quantitative 168-item food frequency questionnaire data. DAI standardizes intake of major dietary antioxidants, including vitamins A, E, C, selenium, zinc, and magnesium, and presents them as summarized scores. Results: Modeling with multivariable regressions adjusting for major confounders including age, education, body mass index, occupation, alcohol, smoking, pregnancy, history of cancer, menarche age, metabolic equivalent of task, hormone replacement therapy, and total energy intake, there was a significant association between odds of BrCa and DAI (odds ratio = 0.18; 95% confidence interval:0.09-0.37; p-value= <0.01). After multiple controls, there was a significant and weak reverse correlation between DAI and the number of lymph node(s) (correlation coefficient= −.140; p-value = 0.05). Conclusion: Our study supports the hypothesis that dietary antioxidants intake is associated with a reduced odds of BrCa. Evidently, DAI can reveal these relationships better than a single study of antioxidants. However, further studies are needed to confirm or refute these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of in ovo feeding of different levels of vitamins C and E on egg hatchability, immune response, growth and carcass traits of broiler chickens were investigated. A total of 672 fertilized eggs were assigned to one of eight experimental groups having three replicates with 28 eggs as follows: (1) negative control (not injected); (2) positive control (injected with 0.2 mL deionized water); (3) vitamin C at 1 mg; (4) vitamin C at 3 mg; (5) vitamin C at 6 mg; (6) vitamin E at 0.5 IU; (7) vitamin E at 0.75 IU; and (8) vitamin E at 1.0 IU. At the end of incubation, the number of chicks hatched, and their individual body weight were recorded. Among hatched birds, a total of 240 mixed chicks were randomly selected (30 subject per group equally shared in three pen floors). Chicks were vaccinated against Avian Influenza, Gumboro, Bronchitis, and Newcastle disease virus. Performance parameters were weekly evaluated until 42 days of age. At days 28 and 42, broiler serum and spleen and Bursa of Fabricius relative weight were assessed as well as on day 42 the carcass traits. From results, in ovo injection with 3 mg of vitamin C or 0.75 IU of vitamin E, increased significantly (p <.05) the embryos hatchability when compared to the negative control. However, body weight at hatch and growth performance parameters showed no differences among treatments. Similarly, in ovo concentrations of vitamins C or E showed no differences on carcass traits, immunity-related organs weight or immune response for anti-Newcastle disease hemagglutination-inhibition and total immunoglobulins against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) when compared to the control groups. Based on findings, it can be concluded that in ovo feeding vitamins E and C supported positively chicken embryos hatchability demonstrating the key-role as antioxidant agents; however, further studies are currently being evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-increasing use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in industrial and consumer products leads to concerns about their safety. Liver is one of the most important target organs of nanoparticles after entering the body. As such, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of vitamins (Vit) A, C, and E on ZnO NPs-induced liver oxidative stress. For this task, 54 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups of six: control 1 (water), control 2 (olive oil), Vit A (1000 IU/kg), Vit C (200 mg/kg), Vit E (100 IU/kg), ZnO (200 mg/kg), ZnO + VitA, ZnO + VitC, and ZnO + VitE. The animals received ZnO for 2 weeks while treatment with Vit started one week before the ZnO administration. In order to specify oxidative stress status, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative status and malondialdehyde were determined by colorimetric assay. In addition, the activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were evaluated by colorimetric assay kit and qRT-PCR, respectively. Moreover, histological analysis was conducted to estimate the extent of liver damage. Our results indicate that the oxidative parameters are increased while the content of TAC, antioxidant enzymes activity, and gene expression of SOD, GPX, and CAT show a significant reduction in the liver of ZnO-treated rats compared to the control (p< 0.05). In contrast, the administration of Vit could significantly modulate the aforementioned changes. Overall, Vit A, E, and C can mitigate oxidative stress caused by ZnO NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dietary intake of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E protect against oxidative stress, and may also be associated with altered DNA methylation patterns. Methods: We meta-analysed epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) results from 11,866 participants across eight population-based cohorts to evaluate the association between selfreported dietary and supplemental intake of vitamins C and E with DNA methylation. EWAS were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, caloric intake, blood cell type proportion, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and technical covariates. Significant results of the meta-analysis were subsequently evaluated in gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and expression quantitative trait methylation (eQTM) analysis. Results: In meta-analysis, methylation at 4,656 CpG sites was significantly associated with vitamin C intake at FDR = 0.05. The most significant CpG sites associated with vitamin C (at FDR = 0.01) were enriched for pathways associated with systems development and cell signalling in GSEA, and were associated with downstream expression of genes enriched in the immune response in eQTM analysis. Furthermore, methylation at 160 CpG sites was significantly associated with vitamin E intake at FDR = 0.05, but GSEA and eQTM analysis of the top most significant CpG sites associated with vitamin E did not identify significant enrichment of any biological pathways investigated. Conclusions: We identified significant associations of many CpG sites with vitamin C and E intake, and our results suggest that vitamin C intake may be associated with systems development and the immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. This study determined the influence of in ovo (IO) vitamin E and ascorbic acid injections on hatching performance, chick development and antioxidant content of different tissues in day-old quail chicks. The experiment compared a control group (C: non-injection group) and injection groups, which had the yolk sac injected with 3.75 mg α- tocopherol (T1), or had the amniotic sac injected with 0.9% saline solution (T2), 2.5 mg ascorbic acid containing 0.9% saline solution (T3) and 2.5 mg ascorbic acid solution (T4), respectively. 2. Mean relative asymmetry (RA) of bilateral lengths increased in the T2, T3 and T4 groups, whereas it decreased in the T1 group compared to C. The highest total carotene content in the residual yolk sac (RYS) was seen for the T1 group, which was significantly higher compared to T2, T3 and T4 groups. The highest total carotene concentration in the liver was in the T1 group. 3. The concentrations of delta-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and total vitamin E in RYS tissue were significantly higher in the T1 group than T2, T3 and T4 groups. Alpha-tocopherol and total vitamin E levels in the liver were significantly higher in the T2 and T4 groups than C. 4. In ovo injections of vitamin E and ascorbic acid to different embryonic sacs caused antioxidant-specific effects on developmental stability of bilateral traits, RYS absorption, concentrations of total carotene and derivatives of vitamin E in newly hatched quail chicks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petrol contains mixture of mutagens and carcinogens which have potential health risk after prolonged occupational exposure. We have compared genotoxicity and its amelioration in blood samples from 70 petrol pump attendants, working in congested area of the Ahmedabad city, India and similar number (n = 70) of Control samples from office workers dwelling in less polluted areas of the city. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay showed highly significant frequencies of micronucleus in Exposed than in the Controls. The sister chromatid exchanges were also significantly increased while the cell cycle proliferative index was significantly decreased in the Exposed individuals than the Controls. Addition of standardized doses of vitamin C and vitamin E in the lymphocyte cultures (in vitro) significantly improved all the biomarkers. The long-term occupational petrol exposure causes genotoxic effects and use of vitamins C and E for protection should be further explored in randomized controlled studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study was designed to explore the efficacy of vitamin C and E (VC&VE) against fluoride mediated testicular, epididymal and spermatozoal anomalies. Thirty two adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group-I was control; Group-II received sodium fluoride (NaF) at 15 mg/kg/day dose; Group-III was provided with VC (200 mg/kg/day) and VE (400 mg/kg/day) plus NaF; Group-IV received only VC&VE. Structural integrity and oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl) of testis and epididymis were assessed. Spermatozoal parameters (count, motility, viability and hypo-osmotic swelling) were evaluated. Testicular functional maker enzymes (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase) were also assessed. Integrity of testicular and spermatozoal DNA was evaluated. Testicular fluoride content was measured. Fluoride induced structural changes and alterations of oxidative stress markers were observed in testis and epididymis. Spermatozoal potentials were altered and reduced activities of testicular functional marker enzymes were observed. Fluoride caused testicular and spermatozoal DNA damages. VC&VE supplementation resulted in protection from all fluoride mediated alterations and helped in attenuating testicular fluoride accumulation. Antioxidant properties of VC&VE ameliorated fluoride mediated reproductive damages but only supplementation did not exhibit any notable effect compared to control rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deleterious effects of diabetes on seminal quality, serum metals and antioxidants have been confirmed. This study evaluated the effect of combined calcium, magnesium, vitamin C and E supplementation on seminal parameters, serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), calcium and magnesium in fructose-induced diabetic rats. Thirty rats were grouped into non-diabetic controls, diabetic controls, diabetic rats given vitamin E + C, calcium + magnesium and vitamin E + C + calcium + magnesium. The analytes were evaluated using standard methods. Statistical significance was set at p <.05. The diabetic controls had significantly higher MDA (p =.036) but lower (p =.0001) TAC, calcium, magnesium, sperm count, and %motility than the non-diabetic controls. The Vitamin C + E group showed the greatest improvement as they had the highest values of seminal parameters compared to other supplemented groups. Combined Vitamin C + E supplementation may provide better ameliorative benefits than a combination of Vitamin C, E, calcium and magnesium in diabetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Progressive loss of motor function including parkinsonian signs is common in older adults. As diet may contribute to the motor decline, we tested the hypothesis that dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients (carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin C) is related to the progression of parkinsonian signs in older adults. Research Design and Methods: A total of 682 participants without a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, were assessed annually over an average of 5.7 (±3.0) years using a 26-item modified version of the United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. The scale assesses the severity of four parkinsonian signs (bradykinesia, gait, tremors, and rigidity) that were averaged to construct a global parkinsonian sign score. Nutrient intakes were assessed at baseline using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The associations between quintiles of antioxidant nutrient intakes and progression of parkinsonian signs were assessed using mixed effects models adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking. Results: In separate adjusted models, a slower rate of progressive parkinsonian signs was observed among those in the highest intake quintiles of total carotenoids (β= −0.06, 95%CI: −0.10 to −0.02,), beta-carotene from foods (β= −0.04, 95% CI:−0.08 to −0.0021), lutein-zeaxanthin (β= −0.05, 95%CI:−0.09 to −0.02), vitamin E from foods (β= −0.04, 95%CI:−0.08 to −0.01,) and vitamin C from foods (β= −0.06, 95%CI:−0.10 to −0.02), when compared to those in the lowest quintiles of intake. Conclusion: A higher level of dietary antioxidant nutrients may slow the rate of parkinsonian sign progression in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new cyclic polyketide 7,9,11-trihydroxytetracos-2-eneoic acid d-lactone (1), together with other eleven known compounds, were isolated from Ononis spinosa, growing wildly in Jordan. All isolated compounds were identified by thorough investigation of their spectral data including NMR and HRESIMS. Antioxidant activity testing of puerol B, specionin and the new cyclic polyketide revealed that puerol B had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 0.09 ± 0.006mg/ml) as compared to α-tocopherol (IC50 0.039 ± 0.0006mg/ml), while specionin had the highest ABTS radical scavenging power (IC50 0.013 ± 0.0008mg/ml) as compared to α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid (IC50 0.042 ± 0.0004; 0.026 ± 0.0007mg/ml; respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The topical application of a combination Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Ferulic acid serum following ablative fractional resurfacing has been reported to shorten post-procedure downtime and improve wound healing. However, transcutaneous drug delivery of cosmeceuticals initially meant for topical application have also been shown to have unintended side effects. The objective of our study was to report safety data from our single academic center experience consisting of patients treated with topical application of a vitamin C-containing cosmeceutical immediately following fractional ablative CO2 laser treatment with a focus on reportable side effects. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients at the University of Minnesota M Health Cosmetic Center who had fractional ablative CO2 (10,600 nm) laser procedure for any diagnosis followed by immediate one-time application of a combination serum containing 15% Vitamin C, 1% Vitamin E, and 0.5% Ferulic acid (C E Ferulic®, SkinCeuticals Inc., New York, NY) from Jan 1, 2015 to Dec 31, 2018 was performed. Pediatric and research opt-out patients were excluded. The medical records of these patients were manually reviewed for the following: age, sex, diagnosis, location, after-care instructions, antiviral and/or antibacterial prophylaxis use, and documentation of post-procedure side effects. Results: Thirty-three patients, encompassing a total of 45 treatment encounters, met inclusion criteria. There were ten cases of expected side effects: erythema (6), erythema with tenderness (1), erythema with mild bumpiness (1), skin peeling with pattern marking (1), and pain with slight bleeding (1). These were attributed to the normal post-procedure course and resolved without complications. There were no reported side effects related to the topical application of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Ferulic acid serum. Conclusions: The topical application of a Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Ferulic acid serum immediately following fractional ablative CO2 laser therapy did not result in associated complications. However, these results may not be generalizable to longer application courses beyond the immediate post-procedure time period, nor to other cosmeceutical formulations. More studies examining the safety profile of topical cosmeceutical serums in laser-assisted drug delivery are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]