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Objectives. This study aimed to investigate 12-month and 7-day prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among workers of the pulp and paper industry, and assess the contribution of age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA). Methods. The sample comprised 904 workers. Musculoskeletal symptoms were assessed using the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. χ2 tests assessed the association between musculoskeletal symptoms and age/gender/BMI/PA, and multivariate logistic regression models predicted the 12-month occurrence of symptoms in the five most prevalent regions. Results. The five most affected body regions were the lower back, shoulders, neck, knees and wrists/hands. Older workers presented more symptoms in all body regions, except dorsal; female gender was associated with neck symptoms (p = 0.001); overweight was associated with a higher prevalence of lower back (p = 0.01), knee (p = 0.017) and ankle/foot (p = 0.037) symptoms; and a moderate PA level was associated with thigh/hip symptoms (p = 0.006). Age was a significant predictor in all five most affected regions; gender was a significant predictor for shoulders, neck and wrists/hands; and BMI was a significant predictor for lower back symptoms. Conclusion. The 12-month and 7-day prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among workers of the pulp and paper industry is higher in the lower back, shoulders, neck, knees and wrists/hands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schools are ideal settings to promote adolescent physical activity (PA), yet school-based interventions have shown limited long-term impact. This position paper presents key issues surrounding school-based PA interventions. Collaborative conceptual thinking drawing on multi-author expertise and available evidence advanced our understanding and opinion. Key arguments: 1) the adoption of a systems approach, which maximizes partnership action and leverages policy, is crucial for understanding the complexities of implementing whole-school programs; 2) a reorientation to an assets perspective optimizes existing strengths and resources allowing greater emphasis on the full range of physical, cognitive, emotional and social benefits that PA provides, and 3) a move beyond traditional positivist research designs to advance our knowledge of what works better, for whom and in what context is needed for greater progress We provide suggestions, specifically advocating for systems approaches, as a realistic way to improve how we support PA in schools in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Second Issue of our Double Special Edition on LGBTQIA+ Topics in Health, Wellbeing and Education. This special issue focuses on LGBTQIA+ Topics in Sport, Human Movement and Education. We introduce the issue by outlining the debate about the 'inclusivity' of queer bodies in sport. We then introduce each article and explain how they fit into these larger debates in sport and education. We conclude the paper by outlining key takeaways from the issue. We also provide recommendations for future LGBTQIA+ research in sport, human movement and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a dearth of research with LGBTQI+ youth in PE and school sport, with particularly deep silences in relation to trans youth. Drawing from a qualitative study with trans and gender diverse youth in second-level schools in Ireland, this paper explores how trans and gender diverse young people are negotiating PE and school sport. A total of nineteen trans and gender diverse young people participated in this study; thirteen young people participated in semi-structured interviews while twelve young people took part in three arts-based workshops. In this paper, we home in on the modalities of inclusion experienced by trans and gender diverse young people as they navigated gendered classification and ordering practices in PE and school sport. Leaning on theoretical insights into the politics of inclusion for LGBTQI+ people, we demonstrate the limited effects of supporting trans and gender diverse young people via individualising methods of inclusion when PE and school-based sport are predicated so fundamentally on an intensely policed cis-heteronormative gender binary. Ultimately, the accounts of the young people in this study steer us towards the necessity to move beyond individualist modalities of inclusion and reimagine the architecture of gender at work in PE and school sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the effect of dance and exercise on the health promotion of adults with mental health disorders. As mental health is a social issue, the characteristics of physical movement through dance and exercise were reviewed to find ways to effectively approach mental health services and treatment. Based on existing papers, a systematic review was conducted using Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus to comprehensively investigate and organise the correlation between physical movement and mental health, the characteristics of dance therapy, and psychotherapy of exercise. Studies have shown that dance and exercise therapy helps reduce side effects, relieve depression and anxiety from actual antipsychotics, and helps to recognise one's problems and increase the willingness to treat them. New therapy development according to the online era and limitations according to difficulty need to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychosocial theories that are often used to inform health promotion interventions for groups with reduced agency are not successful in bringing desirable changes. Critical social marketing provides avenues to disrupt mainstream individualistic approaches, which have been found unsuitable for vulnerable populations due to personal and systemic obstacles that prevent them to change behaviours and adopt healthier lifestyles. Adopting a critical social marketing lens, this conceptual paper explores how social practice theory can help to reimagine social marketing as a tool to reclaim agency, to improve the health and well-being of vulnerable populations, particularly people with disabilities. To demonstrate this practice-based social marketing approach, we used the example of physical activity for people with intellectual disabilities (PwID). Therefore, the paper has theoretical implications, contributing to the critical social marketing literature, and practical implications. It provides examples of how practice-based social marketing can be applied to increase physical activity and agency for PwID who reside in group homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of engagement is a multidimensional construct that has long been used by researchers as a means of explaining student behaviour in classrooms and schools. However, the research using this construct within physical education has been particularly uneven. The goal of this paper was to examine the application of the concept of student engagement with the research literature on physical education. The scoping review was conducted using the boundaries of including the terms 'physical education' and 'engagement' in the title, being located specifically within physical education settings, and focused on student (rather than teacher) engagement. Analysis of the corpus of papers led to the conclusion that studies could be grouped into five categories, with each differentiated by source, involvement of theory, methodology, definitions of engagement, and intended audience. These were given the following labels: (i) studies involving operational and multi-dimensional definitions of engagement (ii) figurative studies (iii) single dimension studies, (iv) qualitative studies, and (v) reviews and practitioner-oriented papers. Given the considerable diversity in the application of the term engagement, it is recommended that future research in the field (no matter the intended audience), should consider the author's interpretation of the term formally somewhere in the introduction. In addition, it is proposed that future empirical research examining student engagement in physical education could also benefit from including evidence of both student self-perceptions about their engagement as well as observations of their in-class behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since most Americans have spent the majority of their time at home during the pandemic, and those who are parents have spent 18% of the time with their children, it would be wise to spend the time as a family in meaningful projects and activities that reduce sedentary behaviors and advocate the importance of recycling education. This article provides readers with eight projects on transforming recyclables into useful equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-disciplinarity and bridging disciplinary boundaries is a practice that scholars often strive for within higher education research. Kinesiology encompasses many aspects such as physical activity, physical education and community. In this article, the two fields of leisure studies and physical education are analyzed as a means to argue that these fields have overlapping messages that are currently being missed within scholarship. Using the theory of boundary crossing, this paper will argue that as a result of missing these current messages, we are at risk of disconnecting education from the social context of leisure. As a result of such analysis, this paper presents conclusions on ways in which research and practice can seek to strengthen the connection between these contexts and open new lines of enquiry that would be fruitful to explore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social class inequalities in accessing sport persist across the western world as a result of financial, social and cultural factors. Research to date largely explores how inequalities impact both accessing and practicing sport and physical activity – identifying patterns and differences between social classes but failing to identify the long-term implications such as how students exchange these as official qualifications and knowledge in Physical Education (PE) degrees. In this paper, we use Bourdieu's concepts of capital, and to a lesser extent habitus and field to theorise about sport as sites of socialisation that shapes the composition and volume of capital students enter PE degrees with. To date, research suggests the role socialisation and informal learning plays in shaping PE students' development of valued dispositions, but often overlooks the intersecting impact of social class. We draw on data from seventeen undergraduate students, studying a non-teacher training PE degree, in the UK. The data presented is selected from interviews exploring how the fields of family, school, extra-curricular sport and the geo-demography of the area they grew up in shaped their access to and practice of Sport/PA. Furthermore, it indicates class differences exist in both the key sites and agents of socialisation. We suggest this has ramifications, in relation to the volume and composition of capital PE students enter Higher Education (HE) with, highlighting the importance for PE staff in HE to be aware of this. Consequently, we demonstrate prior socialisation contributes to students' differing experiences of PE degrees, potentially shaping inequalities resulting from their capacity to exchange capital when studying PE at university. This paper encourages PE staff in universities to question the assumption parity of entry qualification results in all students entering HE with same access to knowledge and experiences valued in PE degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drop off in physical activity (PA) for children has led to an increased focus on their PA engagement, due to the poor health outcomes often linked to this decline. Subsequently, stakeholders, across a variety of fields, have problematised and intervened in activity settings to address this decline. Many of these studies acknowledge high levels of activity in the primary years and tend to prioritise their efforts on the adolescent years. An important limitation in these studies is that they greatly overlook how a decline might also be related to children's physical engagement in early childhood. To gain more insight on the role that early PA engagement may play in long-term PA participation, this paper examines early physical engagement through a focus on year one/ two students across three PA spaces – the home, the physical education (PE) class and the playground. Data was collected through a range of ethnographic and child-centred methods and examined using a Bourdieusian lens. This analysis shows that engagement in PA starts as a confluence between the physically active habitus, sport-focused PE and the sportised playground, which produces different patterns of engagement. This paper offers an in-depth examination of this process across the three spaces and identifies how these outcomes become habitualised over the course of primary school, which may play a role in affecting long-term participation. The paper concludes with a call for a more democratised approach to early primary PE, along with accompanying changes to the playground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in technologies (e.g. smartphones, wearables) have resulted in the concept of 'self-tracking', and the use of self-tracking technologies in physical activity (i.e. fitness tracking) is on the rise. For example, many people track and monitor their fitness-related metrics (e.g. steps walked, distance ran, and calories burned) to change their behaviours or keep themselves active. Despite the widespread application of self-tracking in fitness, relatively little is known about its drivers and outcomes. To address this gap, the current paper provides an overview of the literature (empirical papers) on self-tracking with a focus on the drivers and outcomes of fitness tracking behaviour and offers four important contributions. First, it identifies 19 drivers of fitness tracking technology usage. Second, it discusses four main outcomes of fitness tracking behaviour. Third, by drawing on the existing studies conducted across various fitness tracking technologies (e.g. fitness trackers, apps) and user groups (e.g. patients, seniors, and females), it provides valuable insights that can be generalisable to other settings (e.g. other types of users and fitness tracking products). Finally, the current paper provides important practical implications and addresses avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To systematically review available evidence focusing on the relationship between physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and educational outcomes (EO), among university students. Method: Articles published in English and up to April 2019 were eligible to be included in the review if they examined associations between either PA or SB measures and EO in undergraduate university students. Results: Thirty-five articles met the eligibility criteria. The majority of papers used self-report measures of PA and SB and were rated as demonstrating poor quality (22/35). Evidence indicated no associations with EO for overall PA, MPA, VPA, and indeterminate associations for MVPA and leisure-based screen time. Conclusion: Mixed findings for PA, SB, and EO were found. Future studies should use more rigorous designs, including robust measures of relevant outcomes, to further our understanding of this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WHO recommends integrating rehabilitation into palliative care when providing services for people with life-threatening conditions. Recently, there has been increasing interest in exploring how rehabilitation and palliative care approaches could be combined. The aim of this study was to map and discuss the goals of intervention programmes that combine rehabilitation and palliative care. A scoping review was performed. The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched for papers published between January 2014 and September 2022. Papers were considered eligible if the participants in question had a life-threatening disease and if interventions included both rehabilitation and palliative care. All study types were included. Ten papers describing five interventions were included. Qualitative goals were narratively described, and quantitative goals were analysed according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and the Total Pain framework. Findings showed an overall focus on functioning and quality of life. Further analysis indicated an emphasis on physical and psychological dimensions. Social participation, and the social and spiritual dimensions were rarely evaluated. This review indicates that goals relative to social participation, the social and spiritual dimensions, and the patient's own goals may well be overlooked as points of orientation for interventions. There is an increasing interest in combining palliative care and rehabilitation approaches in clinical work. When rehabilitation and palliative care are combined, goals may be overlooked, and the patient's own goals can be used as a point of orientation for interventions. Future practice should pay special attention to subjective goals, social participation, and the social and spiritual dimensions when combining rehabilitation and palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of physical activity on health are well-established for chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). However, sustaining physical activity in everyday life is difficult. Lifeworld knowledge can help qualify interventions aimed at resolving this public health issue, but there is a gap in regard to synthesized research on peoples' experiences with integrating and sustaining physical activity. Hence, the purpose of this review is to explore and present the available evidence on experiences with integrating and sustaining physical activity in a lived life with MS, AD, and IHD. We conducted a scoping review with qualitative analysis and narrative syntheses in accordance with PRISMA-ScR. Based on SPIDER we ran a systematic search in Cinahl, Embase, Medline, and PsychInfo for primary qualitative research papers published until December 2022. 43 papers were included. A thematic content analysis found that individuals who have MS, AD or IHD find integrating and sustaining physical activity in everyday life meaningful on several levels: Physical activity can facilitate meaningful movement with outcomes of physical, psychosocial, and existential importance. The research literature presents a meaning to physical activity that extends the idea of physical fitness to one of existential movement and personal growth. In addition, our review finds that people are more likely to integrate and sustain physical activity if they feel acknowledged, supported and believe that physical activity has a meaningful purpose reflecting their sense of self. Taking a more person-centred approach in rehabilitative care might help qualify the content of physical activity in terms of integration into everyday life, but more research is needed on how to implement a person-centred approach in practice. The research literature presents an experiential meaning to physical activity that extends the idea of physical fitness to one of more existential movement and personal growth. To ensure the integration of physical activity in people's everyday life, future rehabilitation interventions might benefit from adapting a more person-centred approach. People are more likely to sustain physical activity when they feel acknowledged, supported through social relationships, can access activities adapted to their specific needs and preferences, and believe that physical activity has a meaningful purpose reflecting their sense of self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015, the Society of Health and Physical Educators of America (SHAPE America) launched 50 Million StrongTM with goals of improving physical literacy, increasing physical activity levels, and encouraging lifelong physical activity among children by the year 2029. Not only are youth sports programs crucial to meeting 50 Million StrongTM goals, but it also requires the purposeful efforts of sport coaches, program administrators, researchers, coach educators, and coach developers. While it is encouraging that research on sport coaching topics appears to be growing, there is still much to learn about how to prepare coaches to provide quality sport experiences for their athletes. Consequently, to further this call, it is crucial to understand the current state of sports coaching research and propose future research needs in the discipline. The purpose of this paper is to identify research needs in sports coaching and coach education/development that assists in achieving the 50 Million StrongTM goals of SHAPE America. Throughout the paper, critical research questions are identified in two main areas: 1) coaches' roles in developing physically literate athletes, and 2) developing coaches in regards to coach learning, the efficacy of coach education, and coach health and well-being. Furthermore, commensurate with other papers in the series commissioned by the SHAPE America Research Consortium, we discuss these areas within a social ecological model to understand the impact of the bi-directional interactions between environmental factors and individual behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In comparison to adult-centred research in physical activity, there are far fewer studies which concentrate on hearing children's voices in physical activity research. Additionally, despite a number of studies which utilise a child-centred approach, the number of papers which concentrate on the complexities when conducting research with young people are extremely limited. To consider power relationships between adult researchers and young participants. Also, to provide empirical examples of considerations related to an organic research process and the complexities that may arise during research with children. An ethnographic approach is deemed useful when conducting research with children (Davis and Watson 2017), but particular considerations need to be taken into account as an adult conducting research with young people. The data for this paper was drawn from a year-long ethnographic study with junior korfball players (aged 11–13 years of age). The study involved participant observation where the researcher's role was 'coaches' help'. Nine semi-structured interviews took place 10 months into the study, and numerous informal conversations occurred throughout the research. Some of Foucault's ideas related power were utilised to discuss the way relationships were negotiated with children to maintain a child-centred approach to the research. Adopting an organic approach to research may help reduce young participants' perceptions of adult power. Adopting a Foucauldian lens can also heighten awareness of power divisions and aid the researcher's sensitivity to their own use of techniques of power whilst in the field. Additionally, an organic approach can also help facilitate child-centred research which empowers participants and supports their voices being heard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Global Sport Management is the property of the Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most children and young people (CYP) worldwide are classified as inactive because they fail to meet the World Health Organisation recommendations for physical activity. Online interventions that use devices like exergames, smartphones, social media, and wearables have the potential to improve physical activity engagement because of their extensive reach and opportunities for learning and use across contexts. The objectives of this systematic review were to update the evidence-base on online physical activity interventions for CYP since 2015, analyse the outcomes associated with online interventions across physical, cognitive, social and affective domains, and assess the mechanisms (i.e. pedagogical strategies) of online interventions that resulted in outcomes related to physical activity. A systematic search of the literature was conducted across 4 databases (MEDLINE, PudMed, EBSCO and EMBASE) using key words related to online interventions, physical activity and CYP. The inclusion criteria were: CYP aged 5–18 years in the general population; use of an online-based medium to deliver an intervention related to physical activity; outcomes related to changes to physical activity, and in physical, cognitive, social and affective domains; and quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies. A modified version of the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs was used to assess study quality. A mixed methods approach was used to analyse and synthesise all evidence. 26 papers were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria, including randomised control trials (n=8), non-randomised interventions (n=12), observational studies (n=3) and qualitative papers (n=3). The target population of most studies was children (<12 years) where data collection mostly took place in a school setting, in elementary schools, and in physical education lessons. The interventions reported on positive changes to CYP's physical activity behaviours, through increases in physical activity levels and emotions, attitudes and motivations toward physical activity. Gamification and personalisation were the main mechanisms of online interventions that elicited positive changes in behaviours. The studies in this review provide a convincing rationale for the use of online interventions to support CYP's engagement with physical activity, due to the positive effects on physical and affective outcomes. New evidence is provided on the key mechanisms of online interventions (gamification and personalised learning) and the contexts in which online interventions are likely to be effective (elementary school PE) that can be used by health and education practitioners, organisations, policy makers and/or researchers to reach and engage CYP in physical activity. This study had some limitations that mainly relate to variation in study design, over-reliance of self-reported measures, and sample characteristics, that prevented comparative analysis. Registration number: PROPSERO; CRD42020215597. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes how eight London nurseries examined whether better use of bicycles would strengthen children's physical activity as a step to reducing child obesity. The nurseries are part of a social enterprise which offers one-third of the 4200 nursery places to children from poor and disadvantaged families/communities where rates of child obesity are high and increasing. The research was instigated because the nurseries built a partnership with Bikeworks which provided free bikes and staff wanted to ensure they were using them effectively to benefit children. Parents were involved but also asked a specific question about interest in a bike lending scheme. The paper concluded that staff became more observant of how they could enhance their practice using bikes to support children's physical and sociolinguistic development. It heightened the importance of observation of the children but also in identifying barriers such as poor cycling surface and state of bike repairs. Parents considered bikes to be a key part of their children's nursery life especially extending physical skills but were divided evenly about the value of introducing a bike lending scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through changing the way games are represented, classification systems have increased possibilities for teaching game forms beyond structured adult and singular official versions of popular sports. At the time of inception, the four-game form approach to classification (target, net/wall, striking/fielding, and invasion games) enabled modified, small sided conditioned games to be adapted to suit individual attributes, whilst reinforcing a core set of tactical and technical elements for transfer. With global shifts in patterns of sport participation, it is timely to review this dominant classification frame and the role it plays within physical education (PE). This paper proposes changes to classification boundaries around games and sports in PE to establish a classification system that is inclusive of a wider range of games and sports and growing forms of participation that we contend are important for PE. The paper also argues for a broader conceptualisation of tactics, with social, environmental and affective dimensions a focal point for a revised, contemporary classification framework. The paper draws on Bernstein's notions of classification and frame to explore the pedagogical utility of the dominant games and sport classification used in PE and ways in which it could be revised. Each author independently undertook a structured mapping exercise designed to facilitate exploration and potential classification of a wide range of contemporary activities potentially relevant for physical education. The paper proposes the addition of lap or circuit sports, route or journey sports, rush or action sports, stunts or tricking sports and rhythmic or aesthetic sports to broaden the learning and participation possibilities for young people and tune teachers into contemporary movement forms. The paper proposes sample questions that extend the tactical foci inherent in classification to encompass meaning, social, and ecological considerations for learning in PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The algorithm has become an increasingly important concept in understanding human behavior in recent years. In the case of sport, human bodies are seen as superficial to the driving force of the algorithm, whether it be genetic, behavioral or surveillance-technological algorithms (Harari 2015, 2020; Zuboff 2019). However, the French mathematician and philosopher Michel Serres (1930–2019) structurally relate algorithms to sports and bodily experience at multiple places in his oeuvre. According to Serres, sport actually enables us to reprogram and rewrite our behavior, moods and thoughts, and therefore modifies our algorithmic status (Serres 1999, 2019). Against deterministic conceptions of the body, Serres argues that human bodies possess a 'metamorphic' nature that is similar to the procedural character of computer programs. This paper investigates the relationship between the algorithm and bodily existence through a reading of both Harari and Serres on sport. It will be argued that, against deterministic conceptions of the algorithm, the algorithm can actually broaden an understanding of the role of sports and physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst other sporting narratives of girls and women from the Global North have been well explored, there is limited research about girls from a Fijian background. Furthermore, within this ethnic/cultural group, their diverse voices are not well understood. Indo-Fijian girls who are of a South Asian background, and were born and reside in Fiji, are marginalised to a triple degree in the country's sporting platforms: they face gender inequalities emanating from a patriarchal society; secondly, they are marginalised in terms of race and ethnicity, thus not having access to the same sporting opportunities that their iTaukei (Fijian natives) counterparts do, especially in mixed-race team sports. Finally, Indo-Fijian girls are economically disenfranchised, living in the peripheries of the Global South, where they struggle with a lack of funding, inequitable policies and an unstable political climate. This triple layer of marginalisation deprives Indo-Fijian girls/young women of real opportunities and rights in the sporting fields to play sports for better health and fitness as equal Fijian citizens. This study reports on a one-year ethnographic research and presents sporting narratives of young Indo-Fijian women aged between 16 and 25 years from the capital city of Fiji. The data was collected employing photo-elicitation interviews aiming to illuminate the experiences and trajectories within formal and recreational sport and physical activity of Indo-Fijian girls. The paper draws upon critical, intersectional and poststructuralist theories to thematically analyse the data. The young women's narratives reveal that many times their athletic pursuits and passion disrupt the Fijian gender, racial and class orders as they consistently exercise their daily and sporting agency; sometimes these girls also find themselves complying with the hegemonic gender/racial order. This study amplifies local and marginalised voices of Indo-Fijian girls and emphasises the urgent need for inclusive and innovative educational pathways for Indo-Fijian girls in Fiji's schools, thus fulfilling the country's ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we explore how 15-16-year-old Norwegians experience social and cultural norms that shape their relationship with health and physical activity (PA) in a country where participation in PA is normative, in the sense that it is not only a widely shared practice but, in having significant cultural traction, is commonly understood as a 'normal' part of Norwegian daily life. The study draws upon qualitative data generated from 31 focus groups involving 148 10th graders (15-16-year-olds) in eight secondary schools in Norway. A key finding was that health was primarily viewed as synonymous with physical health and physical health as closely related to PA. A symbolic marker for physical condition - and, by extension, physical health - was physical appearance and 'looks' (in other words, physical attractiveness), revolving around gender normative bodily 'shape'. In this vein, the youngsters tended towards individualistic views of health - seeing health as a responsibility that lay largely in their hands. We argue that the significance of growing up and living in a wealthy, social democratic nation-state, with high living standards and high social and cultural expectations, can have profound implications for youngsters' perceptions of health and PA, the impact of neoliberalism notwithstanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores teachers' educational values and how they shape their judgements about physically active learning (PAL). Twenty one teachers from four primary schools in Norway participated in focus groups. By conceptualising PAL as a didaktikk approach, the findings indicated that teachers engaged with PAL in a way that reflected their professional identity and previous experiences with the curriculum. Teachers valued PAL as a way of getting to know pupils in educational situations that were different from those when sedentary. These insights illustrate how PAL, as a didaktikk approach to teaching, can shift teachers' perceptions of pupils' knowledge, learning, and identity formation in ways that reflect the wider purposes of education. The paper gives support to a classroom discourse that moves beyond the traditional, sedentary one-way transfer of knowledge towards a more collaborative effort for pupils' development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses different ways of perceiving sports based on the study of cinematographic documentary of the first Olympic Games. The aim is to explore the political discourses and aesthetic senses transmitted through images, studying footages from the beginning of the twentieth century until Berlin 1936, when the aestheticization process became analogous to the sportization process, as Norbert Elias pointed out. This 'movement-image'—as Gilles Deleuze named it—shows that a set of documentary Olympics footages, especially those produced since Saint Louis Games in 1904, projected meanings about the individual and collective body. The hypothesis is that historic filmed physical activities intended to educate through not only the gaze but also the gaze itself, to form ways of perceiving bodies and practices. The central focus of this paper argues that the informative cinema teaches through the exhibition of educated bodies, but also forms the sensitivity of the viewer perspective. In other words, it not only transmits ways of doing but also forms an ethos, to form ways of perceiving, to form ways of being sensitive. The aim of this study is to explore the political discourses and aesthetic senses transmitted through the Olympic images, which are often loaded with moralism and patriotism. This paper concludes with a conceptual counterpoint between Jacques Rancière and Walter Benjamin about technical reproducibility and political reproduction, considering the aesthetic-political tension that sports put into play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many adolescents lack the requisite physical preparation for sport participation and PA. Multi-sport participation and resistance training during youth (age 5-11) and adolescence (age 12-17) years can positively effect physical activity levels, health outcomes, and promote long-term athletic development (LTAD). The National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) created a position statement regarding LTAD. K-12 schools provide an ideal environment to deliver LTAD programs. Limited literature exists regarding how best to implement LTAD within K-12 physical education. The purpose of this paper is to provide physical educators with strategies to implement LTAD within K-12 programming. In this paper, we have described how specific curriculum models are aligned with LTAD and can support developmentally appropriate progression of PE content across instructional levels. Implementation of LTAD programs within PE utilize standards based curriculum design to create multi-curricular offerings that include resistance training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as spending too many hours sitting and inadequate physical activity (PA) can contribute to different chronic diseases. Research has revealed the capabilities of digital technology interventions such as persuasive technologies (PTs) for providing health support and encouraging healthy behavior changes to assist people in preventing chronic diseases and having healthier lifestyles. Thus, the use of mobile technology to deliver PT interventions has dramatically increased, especially for promoting PA and reducing sedentary behavior (SB) by employing various persuasive strategies (PSs). This paper provides a systematic review of 16 years of research from 2006 to 2021. The review aims to (1) explore the various ways each strategy is implemented on mobile-based PTs for PA and SB, (2) evaluate the effectiveness of different ways of implementing the PSs on mobile-based PT interventions for PA and SB, (3) provide a comparison of the different ways of implementing each PS, (4) show the weaknesses and strengths of the interventions based on the strategies and implementations, (5) highlight the limitations and pitfalls of the existing research, and (6) give recommendations and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This review examined the impact of participation in an intentional physical activity or sport program on community participation and inclusion for people with intellectual disability. Method: Five electronic databases (PsychINFO, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, AMED) were systematically searched for papers relating to intellectual disability, intentional physical activity, and community inclusion. Results: There were nine eligible papers reporting on seven unique studies conducted in North America, Europe and Australia. Interventions ranged from Special Olympics to an exercise and health education program. Peers without intellectual disability were involved in several programs, and the development of friendships was common among participants with and without disability: these were rarely transferred to the wider community. Conclusions: The identified programs involved substantial commitment of people and infrastructure to support people with intellectual disability in intentional physical activity programs. There was little evidence these programs improved community participation and inclusion for people with intellectual disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tap dancing is for all ages and offers a fun way to be physically active for a lifetime. The purpose of this paper is to describe a parent-and-child tap dance program, the physical activity that occurred during sessions, and parent feedback regarding their experiences. Tap sessions were held on 10 different days within a 14-month period. Data collected included a demographic survey, accelerometer physical activity assessments, and a parent survey of perceived physical, social, and emotional program benefits. The program is unique in the dance field due to its explicit purpose of engaging parents and children together in sessions led by a university dance professor and tap ensemble students. The paper provides a complete program description and a detailed report of typical physical activity during the tap sessions for parents and children. Parent feedback was useful for program refinement and for recommendations for dance educators wanting to offer similar programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the many health benefits of physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE) most adolescents do not meet current guidelines which poses future health risks. This review aimed to (1) identify whether adolescent PA and HE interventions show promise at promoting behaviour change and maintenance, (2) identify which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are associated with promising interventions, and (3) explore the optimal approaches to training deliverers of adolescent PA/HE interventions. Nine databases were searched for randomised controlled, or quasi-experimental, trials targeting 10–19 year olds, with a primary aim to increase PA/HE, measured at baseline and at least six months post-intervention, in addition to papers reporting training of deliverers of adolescent PA/HE interventions. Included were seven PA studies, three HE studies and four studies targeting both, with two training papers. For PA studies, two were promising post-intervention with two promising BCTs, and five were promising for maintenance with two promising BCTs. For HE studies, three were promising at post-intervention and four at maintenance, both with four promising BCTs. There is preliminary evidence that interventions support adolescents to improve their PA and HE behaviours over a period of at least six months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the implications of professional vulnerability (PV) during physical literacy (PL) teacher professional development, through the lens of structural and micropolitical theory in the United Kingdom (U.K.). The research was conducted over a twelve-week period with qualified teachers across primary and secondary school contexts, within the U.K. Semi-structured interviews were used to capture the professional development journey of each teacher. Thematic analysis and pen profiles were used to analyse and present the findings of the semi-structured interviews. The results explore expressions of teacher vulnerability through the structural and micropolitical realities experienced during PL professional development. Structural realities were categorised using the political (macro), organisational (meso) and structural (micro) levels with the micropolitical realities categorised using the power dynamics of power over, with and through. This paper calls for the contextual element of professional development to be given as much consideration as the content itself. Professional development can be more effective by connecting the 'what' and 'how' alongside an understanding of the 'where' and 'who'. Structural and micropolitical theory and PV offer glimpses into this contextual world, revealing a different but equally important narrative around the wider context of successful and meaningful PL teacher professional development. Finally, the study identifies aspects of transferability into the wider domains of sport coaching and sport development where PL is becoming increasingly visible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Spring 2020, the UK Government announced the cessation of in-person teaching for the vast majority of school-aged children in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Prompting an accelerated shift towards digital learning across the curriculum, this announcement was accompanied by a rise in market-based solutions to address the problem of keeping young people active, 'healthy' and 'positive' whilst at home. The most prominent of these was offered by Joe Wicks, who broadcasted PE with Joe live globally via YouTube for five days per week for eighteen weeks. The aim of this paper is to critically explore some of the contextual factors that enabled Joe Wicks to create and legitimise a public health intervention under the title of physical education, and henceforth position himself (whether intentionally or not) as an authoritative agent for change within the discipline. After outlining who Joe Wicks is, we unpack the discursive framing of PE with Joe in order to locate Wicks' intervention amid the perennial politics of physical education. We then consider the meaning of PE with Joe and why Joe Wicks' involvement in physical education matters, reflecting upon the effects of Joe Wicks on the future of physical education practice and research. Among our conclusions is that the Covid-19 pandemic provided an opportunity for Joe Wicks – here positioned and understood as a branded, celebrity lifestyle enterprise – to manoeuvre himself (and his products) from the periphery to the centre of physical education's public imagery and discourse. Furthermore, we argue that exploring the ways in which Wicks' presence in the physical education space has been received, embraced, modified, challenged and resisted is vital in discerning PE with Joe's actual or perceived effects on the social construction of physical education, and the educational engagements of young people in physical activity in the post-Covid-19 landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child well-being is regarded as an important part of early childhood education but little is known about the meaning of well-being and how it is operationalised in a curriculum context. The paper examines how practitioners in Wales assess the well-being of 3- to 7-year-olds. The case study involves two schools and the paper discusses findings from six focus groups and fourteen interviews. Practitioners are uncertain about how to assess child well-being and therefore draw upon what they do in other subject areas and use criterion-referenced assessment. Practitioners also report various difficulties in assessing well-being which suggests that placing well-being in curriculum policy is problematic. Findings indicate that well-being is understood as an abstract concept where practitioners attempt to transform it into a concrete form in order to assess it. Questions linking to rationale, concept, enactment and assessment need to be discussed when considering well-being as a subject area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though there are some studies that have adopted participatory action research (PAR) approaches in sport, physical activity, and forced migration research, there remains a need for further examination of the ethical complexities associated with PAR and the use of visual and digital methods. The purpose of this paper is to outline the process of conducting PAR using visual and digital methods with refugees in Kampala, Uganda, and to identify and discuss key ethical complexities and considerations. The paper provides an overview of the methodology employed for this study, including specific steps taken prior to, during, and after the implementation of fieldwork. Key ethical moments of importance are highlighted. The paper concludes by suggesting ways forward for broadening conversations about the ethics of the use of visual and digital methods in studies of sport, physical activity, and forced migration research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify and appraise the existing clinical practice guidelines, consensus statements and Cochrane systematic reviews for the management of adult and paediatric focal spasticity to generate a single synthesized guideline. Systematic review of 12 electronic databases. Clinical practice guidelines, consensus statements and Cochrane systematic reviews for focal spasticity in adults and children. Included studies were appraised according to the AGREE II criteria. A total of 25 papers were included in this review, comprising 12 clinical practice guidelines, nine consensus statements and four Cochrane systematic reviews. The areas most strongly endorsed were: (1) management to be provided by a multi-disciplinary team, (2) therapy should be goal-directed, (3) goals to be developed in conjunction with the patient and family, and (4) importance of follow-up evaluations. There was a greater focus on activity outcomes and classification in the paediatric papers. The guidelines varied considerably in their quality, with AGREE II scores ranging from 52.8 to 97.1%. This systematic review has synthesized the key elements regarding principles of focal spasticity management, outcome measures, physical interventions and educational recommendations into a single, readily applied guideline available for clinical use. Despite considerable variability in the quality of the guidelines, several strong themes emerged. Focal spasticity management should be multi-disciplinary, patient-centred and goal-directed. Routine measurement of impairment and activity are strongly endorsed. Botulinum toxin A injection should only be provided as part of an integrated approach to focal spasticity management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Location-based activities can challenge citizens to explore their neighbourhood in new playful ways. This paper presents a classification of such playful activities based on the literature and experience gained (1) in co-creation sessions and (2) gameplay for neighbourhood exploration with citizens in the Hague. The location-based game designed for this purpose encouraged neighbourhood exploration and social interaction that went beyond the everyday normal. Results showed that citizens are specifically interested in activities that allow them to discover new information about, and places in, their neighbourhood when these are related to their own life. The results of this paper provide new knowledge on game design to inform designers on which type of interactions and activities foster neighbourhood exploration and social interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is now a wealth of research on obesity both from biomedical and socially critical perspectives. However, less research has focused on the lived experiences of young children and particularly those who are perceived as 'sedentary'. This paper critically examines the issue of obesity as related to children's experiences of physical (in)activity, via a focus on the circulation of socio-cultural and economic discourses in the context of Spain. We report on data obtained from interviews with 13 children identified as 'sedentary'. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis and based on the analysis a collective story was constructed to represent and give voice to the children's experiences. The collective story sketches a day in the life of 'Diego' to indirectly reveal the limitations associated with assuming that sport and school physical education (PE) are pragmatic 'answers' to the presumed issue of childhood obesity. In our analysis we draw on Foucauldian notions of bio-power and governmentality to highlight how neoliberal and capitalist logics shape and constrain children's experiences and opportunities. By presenting a narrative that delves into the various domains of these children's lives, their families, friends, peers and lifestyles, we argue there is still a need to reformulate and rethink how we understand childhood wellbeing and the role of PE. We conclude by suggesting that the conflation of PE with sport and health can subtly undermine some children's views of self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investment in public transport is on the rise as many cities around the world aim to reduce their carbon footprint and improve population health. One such investment is building or extending Light Rail Transit (LRT). Focusing on studies in the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, this paper reports the results of a systematic review on the associations between LRT and physical activity. This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Twenty studies were identified through a search of five bibliographic databases (Web of Science, Transport Research International Documentation (TRID), Scopus, Medline, and SPORTDiscus) (n=5,866) and a systematic Google search (n=446). At least two reviewers conducted the search and reviewed the titles and abstract of each identified article to include in the review. Standardized data extraction forms were used to document information from each selected article. The forms included a risk of bias assessment tool. Two reviewers completed the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Our findings show that moderate certainty of evidence exists for the relationship between LRT and walking behaviour. Here, all studies, most of which were natural experiments (n = 6), found a positive association between LRT and walking behaviour, with LRT leading to an increase of 7–40% in walking in most studies (n = 7 out of 8). A positive relationship between LRT and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and between LRT and cycling was also often identified; however, results were inconsistent, and certainty of evidence is low for MPVA, and very low for cycling. Further, some studies (n = 3) identify differences in physical activity participation at different LRT stations, suggesting that station design, surrounding land use, and built environment play important roles in promoting physical activity around LRT. Given this, practitioners can be relatively confident that LRT investments will result in increased walking behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prolonged sedentary life existence is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, heart failure (HF), and all-cause mortality. On the contrary, regular exercise is known from antiquity to be associated with beneficial cardiovascular (CV) effects and decreased mortality. The cardiovascular (CV) benefits of exercise have been confirmed by many studies, but the trajectories of the different modes of PA are not well recognized. In order to examine the different modalities of exercise and its long-term trajectories, a Medline search of the English literature was conducted between 2015 and 2022 and 60 pertinent papers were selected for review. Careful review of the selected papers showed that the beneficial CV effects of PA are mediated through several favorable modifications of molecular and clinical factors. Also, any type of physical activity in conjunction with lifestyle adjustments is associated with decreased incidence of CVD, CHD, obesity, T2DM, hypertension, HF, and all-cause mortality. In addition, the long-term trajectories regarding the duration and the level of exercise are associated with greater beneficial CV effects, with even the resumption of discontinued exercise can lead to beneficial CV effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People often expect physical education teachers to look fit and athletic, to do lots of physical activity, and to eat well. While ample research exists on physical education teachers' bodies, relatively few scholars have investigated how physical educators relate corporeal expectations to broader ideas about subject content, pedagogy, and the purposes of the school subject. Aim: The specific aim of the paper is to identify the assumptions about content, pedagogy, and educational purposes that teachers make when they talk about a perceived need for physical educators to look fit and athletic. Method: To frame our work theoretically, we draw from a Swedish didaktik of physical education tradition and employ Bakhtin's concept of speech genres, and Wertsch's concept of privileging. Our empirical material consists of transcripts generated from 6 focus group and 6 individual interviews (24 teachers in total, average age of 40 years, average teaching experience 11 years). Findings: Data suggest that when teachers use an 'athletic-looking teacher as healthy role model' speech genre, they tend to privilege: (1) a particular version of health as subject content that involves not being too overweight and maintaining physical functionality in sports. This content is based on biomedical conceptions of health which foreground exercise, eating and weight, and a pathogenic reduction of risk; (2) particular pedagogies in PE that put the teacher at the centre of the pedagogical situation, and; (3) a certain educational purpose in PE, which is to educate citizens for healthy lives through participation in sport. With respect to this purpose, increasing body weight enters the genre as a potential obstacle for educational success. Discussion: The findings raise questions concerning appropriate curricular content and its relation to teacher identities. They suggest that learning possibilities may be missed when certain content, pedagogies, and outcomes are privileged. The findings also indicate how wider voices are implicated in the speech genre. Conclusion: The paper is concluded with reflections on the possibility for change regarding expectations of physical education teachers' bodies and pedagogies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies on emotional geographies of physical activity have furnished valuable insights into the affective and emotional intensities of space in mediating physical activity engagements. Nevertheless, I suggest there is potential in departing from an ahistorical treatment of emotion to critically consider how people's health engagements are mediated by their sticky emotional relations to space stretching over multiple space-times. I bring these ideas to life through an empirical exploration of physical activity engagements in Singapore that involved in-depth interviews with 17 fitness trainers and diaries from 22 fitness participants. Drawing on Sara Ahmed's idea of 'sticky emotions', I argue that people's physical activity engagements are not just mediated by the immediate affective intensities of space such as energies and atmospheres. Equally importantly, their access to physical activity spaces is also profoundly shaped by their sticky emotional histories and memories of racism, misogyny, and sizism, amongst others. However, instead of theorising minority health subjects through a discourse of passivity and victimhood, I also explore how they could actively 'unstick' their bodies from public exercising spaces to create socially fitting environments. This paper emphasises that paying attention to sticky emotions could sharpen a feminist sensitivity to power geometries that are necessarily entwined with people's health engagements. Accordingly, it aims to develop an ethical corrective to understanding issues of health access, particularly amongst minority communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to share insights from an ongoing project that seeks to promote physical activity to disabled people. Narrative commentary. An overlooked yet important group of messengers for promoting physical activity is first highlighted. These are social workers. Second, the process of developing guidelines for these messengers is described and the guide signposted. Third, an infographic to communicate physical activity is highlighted and insights offered on some of the messages co-produced in it. These messages include a focus on pleasure, amounts of physical activity, strength, sedentariness, visual images, language, and different impairments. The paper contributes to knowledge by offering new insights into how to promote physical activity to disabled people. A new group of messengers – social workers – for promoting physical activity to people with disabilities is highlighted. A guide for social workers to promote physical activity is described and offered. Insights for health promotion is offered on the co-production of physical activity messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International volunteering has typically been conceived as a Western sociocultural phenomenon. Within this paper, we aim to apply a non-Western lens to the development of a conceptual framework, through which to consider an alternative perspective on international volunteering. We highlight how, increasingly, non-Western countries are a place that not only hosts international volunteers but also sends volunteers abroad. Using the notions of solidarity, respect and equality, we illustrate the complexities and nuances of what non-Western international volunteering involves. This paper serves as a point of departure for a deeper assessment of the conceptualization of international volunteering from non-Western perspectives that recognize these will be different from Western perspectives, even in an era of globalization partially driven by international volunteering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments in many countries are increasingly interested in using community sport as a vehicle for improving public health through physical activity (PA) promotion. This has been associated with an increasing interdependence between the community sport and health policy sectors. However, there are no empirically grounded studies which have examined this directly and systematically in England. By examining Sport England's Get Healthy, Get Active (GHGA) initiative, this paper presents novel evidence derived from interviews held with strategic policy-makers from Sport England and a professional football charity (Everton in the Community), and 67 men who engaged in one of the GHGA funded programmes, Active Blues. The findings reveal how the increasing interdependence between community sport and health policy has been characterised by tightly contested and congested relations of power at local and national levels. Although Sport England was the lead organisation which coordinated and was accountable for community sport, it was nevertheless highly dependent on organisations outside of the sector, including health organisations, to deliver their community sport goals. This was indicative of the relatively vulnerable and marginal position which Sport England, and sport policy, occupied in the policy landscape and the associated generalisation of interests from sport to public health. The policy spillover from more powerful policy sectors such as health, to comparatively less powerful ones like community sport, raises questions about the degree to which government can realistically expect to achieve their formal community sport and health policy goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity is the most important lifestyle factor to contribute to a healthy early life. International recommendations are that children should be vigorously physically active for at least 1 h per day, and in Greenland, authorities have claimed a goal of being the world's most active population. Since 1994, the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) has measured physical activity among school-children in Greenland by questionnaire data, but the measurement properties of self-reported data in comparison to more objectively measured accelerometer data are unknown. The present paper describes the first study using clinical measures of physical activity among Greenlandic youth. Seventy-two school-children (56% girls) with a mean age of 12 years (range 25%; 75% was 11.5; 12.25) wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days, and data produced significant and informative findings for both practice and future research. Fifty-two per cent of the school-children met the international recommendations of being physically active >1 h per day, when measured by accelerometers, but self-reported data reported a prevalence of 10% meeting the recommendations. A majority of this sample of Greenlandic school-children lives up to international recommendations, which indicates that the goal of being the world's most active population is within reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While most studies focus on the environmental and physical activity benefits of providing safe and livable streets for children, this paper provides a unique before-and-after experiment using cognitive (or image) mapping exercises employing innovative comparison methods. This work demonstrates how exposure to heavy traffic negatively affects children's perceptions of their environment, and how improving the pedestrian environment (building walkways and improving a crosswalk) can improve those perceptions. This shift may not only encourage more physical activity and strengthen the connection with their communities but also help children in their cognitive development of spatial knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging research supports that some former collegiate athletes (FCAs) can become physically inactive after retiring from sport, which can exacerbate unfavorable changes in long-term health. While researchers have addressed transitional difficulties FCAs may experience after retiring, little empirical evidence exists on how to promote healthy post-sport physical activity (PA) levels for those who are insufficiently active. Because of FCAs' past sports training, considering their opinions for effective PA program components may be beneficial in early stages of behavioral intervention development. As such, 17 insufficiently active former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes engaged in semi-structured interviews exploring their post-sport PA experiences and perceptions of effective program characteristics. Using Consensual Qualitative Research procedures, five domains were constructed. Three domains were discussed in a previous article; this paper overviews the remaining two, which describe participants' opinions of what would effectively promote PA in their population: (a) a desire for an 'athletics-lite' atmosphere in an FCA-targeted intervention, and (b) using technology to positively engage former athletes in their PA transition. While participants believed an athletics-based program where they are provided feedback and individualized workouts would be effective in maintaining PA, this may indicate underdeveloped autonomy in some FCAs regarding PA maintenance post-sport. Initially utilizing college sports personnel in a program may aid FCAs at risk of inactivity in transferring skills used in sport to independent PA maintenance after retiring. Further, the introduction and use of technology may help facilitate self-monitoring of progress, social support, and individualization when external resources are unavailable. Lay summary: Seventeen, inactive former college athletes (FCAs) were interviewed to understand enablers for promoting physical activity (PA) in their population. Utilizing sport/exercise personnel to help FCAs become more autonomous in their behavior and promoting self-monitoring through technology may help those in this population who struggle to maintain PA post-sport. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: On-campus programs should consider involving athletics personnel (e.g., coaches, athletic trainers, certified mental performance consultants) and, pending available resources, outside experts (e.g., exercise physiologists) to deliver techniques, strategies, and education to explicitly support retiring student-athletes in maintaining PA after retirement. The perceived need for an athletics atmosphere, such as a coach-figure and teammates to be competitive with, may indicate underdeveloped autonomy for maintaining PA in insufficiently active FCAs. While athletics personnel may be useful in early promotion of PA, programs should strive to help them build more self-determined forms of motivation and be self-sufficient in maintaining PA post-sport. Programs may consider promoting the maintenance of PA to students-athletes via the use of wearable devices, PA applications, and online resources to promote self-monitoring of behavior, facilitate social support, and provide education on healthy PA practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future welfare of older adults is a worldwide concern. By 2034, it is estimated that individuals 65 and older in the U.S. will be 77 million. Consequently, this reality will impact healthcare facilities and increase Medicare and Medicaid costs, resulting in higher incidents of homeless older adults, children caring for parents, the need for more caregivers, and an increased number of older individuals experiencing various forms of dementia. To address these concerns, the current trend for treating the onset of dementia and Alzheimer's disease has been moving toward nonpharmaceutical interventions. Even though researchers have tapped into the benefits of several nonpharmaceutical treatments, there appears to be a constant debate on establishing which method is most effective. Deciding on best practices and methods to slow down and/or halt the progression of dementia is the gap this research needs to fill. To provide clarity on the topic, an analysis of alternative interventions to treat the onset of dementia is what this paper strived to achieve. The analysis involved comparing and contrasting the benefits of each intervention as well as illustrating the implications of the findings. In this regard, a systematic review was conducted examining the benefits of five nonpharmaceutical strategies; mental training, music therapy, technology usage, physical activity, and social interaction. Although findings revealed some form of improvement in each of the nonpharmacological interventions examined, the overarching theme appeared to lean toward providing mental stimulation. It was also not conclusive that physical activity prevented cognitive decline. More research is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]